Background: Children with cerebral palsy face challenges in maintaining body stability because of structural and functional defects. Their ability for responsive balance control is diminished. While there exist various trunk stabilization exercises such as Kinetic Link training (KLT) and the Bird-dog posture, there is a notable dearth of research that applies KLT specifically to children with cerebral palsy. Objectives: To investigate the effects of KLT and Bird-dog exercise on gross motor function and balance in children with cerebral palsy. Design: Quaxi-experimental study. Methods: The study participants were randomly divided into two groups: 15 individuals in the KLT group and 15 in the Bird-dog group. General characteristics were examined, and initial measurements of Gross motor function measure (GMFM) and Pediatric balance scale (PBS) were taken prior to the intervention. Each group engaged in KLT exercises and Bird-dog exercises for 20 minutes, three times a week over an 8 week period. Following the completion of the 8 week intervention, secondary measurements of GMFM and PBS were conducted. Results: In the KLT group, both PBS and GMFM showed a significant increase after the intervention compared to before (P<.05). Similarly, in the Bird-dog group, both PBS and GMFM significantly increased after the intervention compared to before (P<.05). There was a significant difference observed in PBS when comparing the pre- and post-intervention changes between the two groups (P<.05), whereas no significant difference was found in GMFM between the groups when comparing the pre- and post-intervention changes (P>.05). Conclusion: The interventions involving KLT and Bird-dog exercises were observed to effectively enhance PBS and GMFM in children with cerebral palsy. Specifically, it was evident that KLT was more beneficial in improving balance abilities compared to Bird-dog exercise.

Intervertebral disc disease is a medical condition in which the disc, a fibrocartilage substance, escapes in the spinal cavity and compresses the spinal cord and it often co-occurs with Chiari-like malformation. A 7-year-old Pomeranian dog was referred for a forelimb ataxia. Disc protrusion at C2 to C3, crowding of the caudal fossa and mild cerebellar herniation into the foramen magnum were confirmed through Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The patient was hospitalized for two weeks and received electroacupuncture along with other rehabilitation therapies. After 2 weeks of inpatient treatment, there was an improvement in the patient's clinical symptoms.

A 12-year-old, spayed female, Pomeranian dog was referred for limbs stiffness and circling movement. Computed tomography(CT) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) revealed a contrast-enhanced space-occupying lesion suggestive of meningioma in the olfactory groove to the right frontal lobe. For a successful and accurate surgery, 3D printing technique for preoperative planning and 3D guide was applied. Surgical excision of the meningioma was successfully performed. The postoperative complications were managed through medical treatment and patient care without the revision surgery.

개의 식용을 둘러싼 논쟁은 언론에 보도된 내용을 근거로 할 때 1920년대까지 올라가며, 이는 이 논쟁이 100년 이상을 이어오고 있다는 것을 의미한다. 과거에는 개 식용에 대한 찬반 양론이 대등한 상황이 벌어졌지만, 최근에는 반려동물에 대한 인식이 확산되면서 금지하는 쪽으로 여론이 기울어가는 양상이 나타나고 있다. 국회나 정부 차원에서도 개고기 식용 논란을 정리하고자 하는 시도가 여러 차례 있었지만 그때마다 강한 반대에 부딪혀 결론을 내리지 못해왔다. 현시점에서 개고기 식용을 합법화하기는 쉽지 않아 보이며, 금지하는 방향으로 갈 가능성이 높을 것으로 판단된다. 금지하는 방향으로 법률을 개정할 경우, 농업인 지위를 잃게 되는 개 사육업자에 대한 보상을 포함해 가축으로써의 개와 사육시설 등에 대한 재산상의 보상 문제를 고려해야 한다. 또한 개를 사고파는 상인, 도살 및 가공·포장업자, 개고기를 판매하는 식당 등에 대한 보상 문제도 여전히 남아 있다. 전반적인 상황을 고려할 때 개고기 식용과 관련된 논쟁의 핵심은 법령상의 문제도 있지만 보상 문제가 가장 핵심 쟁점으로 떠오르고 있다고 할 수 있다.

A 14-year-old castrated male Shih Tzu presented with acute hemorrhagic vomiting. The initial medical records indicated a probable diagnosis of acute gastritis due to inappropriate food intake. Although gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy was the preferred diagnostic approach, the client declined anesthesia because of the dog’s underlying heart condition. Therefore, we opted for anesthesia-free capsule endoscopy. The procedure identified severe gastritis with no detectable abnormalities in the other GI regions. Following diagnosis, dietary modifications and omeprazole treatment were initiated, resulting in the resolution of clinical symptoms. Follow- up capsule endoscopy 3 weeks later verified a significant improvement in gastritis. This case highlights the potential of capsule endoscopy as a valuable diagnostic tool in patients presenting with acute vomiting.

A 11 year-old, female, shih-tzu mixed-breed dog was presents with history of sudden blindness for 2 days. An ophthalmic test was conducted to find the cause of blindness, including an intraocular pressure test, a fundus test, and an electroretinogram. As a result of the test, the abnormality in the eye could not be confirmed, so MRI request was made. MRI confirmed mass areas with 1.0 × 0.5 mm T2W/FLAIR heterogeneous hyperintense, T1W isointense, and enhancement that spread widely from the dorsal part of the sella turcica to the anterior optical chiasm. Cystic lesion was identified in the front of the lesion, and it had the characteristics of an extra-axial tumor such as a broad base attachment surface and a dural tail signal. Based on these tests diagnosed blindness caused by brain tumors. Clinical symptoms began to improve three days after taking chemotherapy, and all clinical symptoms disappeared after a week. This case report demonstrated that clinical sign, diagnostic imaging and successful treatment result with chemotherapy in canine brain tumor patient.

A one-year-old, female, Maltese dog was presented with head tilting, horizontal nystagmus, and tetraparesis. Blindness was first identified, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning revealed diffuse lesion which was hyperintense on T2-weighted image over the cerebellum and brainstem. The immunosuppressive therapy had been administered, but the patient had no improvement. Re-performed MRI revealed the progression of the pre-existed inflammatory lesions. Treatment with prednisolone, leflunomide, cyclosporine, and cytosine arabinoside was initiated. However, neurological signs had been progressive, and the patient was euthanized. The histopathological examination revealed the disseminated granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis (GME). This GME case suggests the importance of initiation of treatment at the appropriate time.

A 12-year-old intact female Schnauzer was referred for the evaluation of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus: despite insulin therapy, blood glucose concentration was consistently high, indicating a decreased insulin sensitivity. Laboratory analyses revealed persistent hyperglycemia, glucosuria, and ketonuria. Diagnostic approaches were performed to identify concurrent disorders that can cause insulin resistance. The dog was found to have concurrent hyperadrenocorticism, hyperlipidemia, pancreatitis, and vaginal cytology indicating diestrus in the estrus cycle. Trilostane administration for hyperadrenocorticism improved the insulin response; however, the dog remained hyperglycemic. Eventually, the dog showed complete remission without insulin administration 1 week after the ovariohysterectomy. The dog remained in remission for approximately 4 months, but eventually relapsed and the condition was permanent. Diestrus in intact females and hyperadrenocorticism are known to be the two main causes of insulin resistance in dogs. After the management of these conditions, the dog achieved diabetes remission, which rarely achieves in dogs. In cases of insulin resistance, such as hormonal imbalances or inflammatory conditions, remission can be achieved by addressing the underlying cause. Hence, it is important to assess the presence of comorbidities associated with insulin resistance in dogs with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus and to treat each condition as soon as possible.

본 연구의 목적은 오수견의 구전적 설화를 중심으로 돌비의 출토 및 현 오수면 원동공원과의 연계성을 통해 오수의 지명적 가치를 분석하는 것이 다. 아울러 오수면에 위치한 의견공원, 김개인 생가 등 풍수적인 물형가치 를 찾아 구전에 합당한 공간을 설정하고, 이 설정이 구전적 오수의견(義犬) 과 부합하는 지리적 형상을 이해하고자 하였다. 오수의견은 구전이나 나름 의 역사성을 갖추고 있는 문헌적 사료(史料)가 있으며 그와 관련하여 오늘 날까지도 이 지역주민들의 사랑을 받고 있는 공간이기도 하다. 그러므로 오수면의 의견스토리가 담긴 공간성은 반려견문화 세계화에 따라서 더욱 그 의미의 확장성을 보일 수 있다. 이러한 관점에서 오수면의 정체성과 지 명 그리고 전반적인 인문학적 연구가 더욱 필요할 것이다. 또한 의견의 구 전적 이야기와 합치하는 풍수적 의견물형(義犬物形)을 더하고 구전적 오수 견 이야기의 토대를 돌비출현과 연관 지어 스토리의 완성적 공간을 확장하 였다. 본 연구는 단순히 구전적 이야기로만 전해오던 인간과 반려견(의견) 과의 인격적 애정관계를 통해서 그들 간의 생명관을 고찰함과 동시에 오수 의견 이야기의 실제적 역사로서 그 가능성을 살펴보고자 하였다. 또한 오 수의견 이야기의 주 무대로 알려진 오수면의 지명적 정체성을 알아보고 그 의미를 바탕으로 오수의견과의 연결성 있는 스토리를 찾아보고자 하였다.

This study investigated the relationship between service quality factors, customer satisfaction, and reuse intention based on the degree of attachment to companion animals felt by caregivers when using dog grooming services. An online and offline survey with caregivers experienced in dog grooming services were conducted, and 304 responses were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 Statistics Program. The analysis revealed the following. First, sub-factors of dog grooming service quality: empathy, assurance, tangibles, and reliability, significantly affect customer satisfaction. Second, customers satisfaction with dog grooming services significantly affects their reuse intention. Third, only reliability demonstrates a moderating effect on attachment to companion dogs in influencing the relationship between customer satisfaction and service quality. These findings that service quality management is necessary to improve the business performance of dog-grooming services. Particularly, this study is meaningful in presenting the direction of service marketing centered on trust, as more guardians consider companion dogs as family.

본 연구는 소셜미디어 이미지를 이용하여 대구광역시 내 반려견 산책 선호장소와 특징을 분석하 였다. 2020년부터 2022년까지 약 2년간의 시간적 범위를 기반으로 ‘#반려견산책’ ‘#강아지산책’, ‘#개산책’ 세 가지의 인스타그램 해시태그를 활용해 분석을 시행하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 추출된 622 건의 위치 데이터를 바탕으로 대구광역시 내 반려견 인기 산책 장소는 총 13개인 것으로 나타났으 며, 상위 세 개 장소의 경우 국채보상공원, 두류공원, 수성못인 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 반려견 동반 산책 선호장소의 공간적 특징 및 경향성 파악을 위한 719개의 사진분석결과 ‘수변산책로’, ‘거주지 주변’, ‘공원’, ‘도시/도시인프라’, ‘반려견운동장/카페’ 총 다섯 가지 분류체계 항목으로 조사되었 다. 사진들의 다양한 요소 및 특성(Attributes) 분석틀에 의한 유형분류 결과 반려견만을 집중하여 확대, 촬영한 사진들을 제외하고 ‘경관’, ‘자연요소’, ‘활동/레저’, ‘사람’, ‘도시/장소’의 다섯 유형 으로 분류되었다. 본 연구를 통해 반려견 산책 선호장소와 유형들을 파악하여 반려견 산책환경 개 선방안을 도출하였다.

A 11-year-old sexually intact female dog was presented because of a misshapen left elbow with a large mass. The masses on the elbow were diagnosed as high-grade canine mast cell tumor (cMCT) based on the cytological examination using fine-needle aspiration. Cytologically, the mass revealed moderate numbers of eosinophils, anisocytosis, anisokaryosis, and aberrant mitotic figures. The degree of cytologic dysplasia is diagnosed as moderate to severe. The blood analysis revealed low hematocrit and electrolytes. After examining the metastasis and surgical scope with radiographs and ultrasound, surgery was performed to removal the mass. Histopathologically, the mass revealed partially cytoplasmic granules, anisokaryosis of the nucleus, and mitotic counts. Scattered inflammatory cells and necrotic tissues were observed in the tumor. In this study, we found high-grade cMCT and treated the patient through a surgical approach.

본 연구는 위장 단계의 소화과정에 관여하는 Gastric lipase (GL)를 반려견을 위한 정적 체외 소화모델(Static in vitro digestion model)에 적용을 검토하기 위하여 실시되었다. GL의 첨가가 체외 소화과정 동안 건물(Dry matter; DM), 조단백질(Crude protein; CP) 그리고 조지방(Ether extracts; EE) 소화율에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. GL은 위장 소화단계에서 첨가되었다. 위장(39℃, 2 hr.)과 소장(39℃, 4 hr.) 소화 후에 비소화 분획을 분리하였다. 그리고 실험사료와 분리된 비소화 분획에서 DM, CP 그리고 EE 수준을 측정하고 각각의 소화율을 계산하였다. 위장과 소장 소화단계에서 측정된 DM, CP 그리고 EE 소화율은 Control과 GL 그룹 사이에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 관찰되지 않았다(p>0.05). 결과적으로 우리의 체외 소화모델에서 GL의 첨가는 DM, CP 그리고 EE의 소화율에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 이와 같은 결과는 정적 체외 소화모델을 이용한 소화율의 평가에 있어서 GL의 역할은 다소 제한적일 수 있다는 것을 시사한다.

A 9-year-old, intact female, Pungsan dog was referred for purulent vaginal discharge and depression. Abdominal radiographs revealed gas-filled and soft tissue opacity tubular structures in the mid to caudal abdomen. On ultrasonography, fluid-filled uterus and cervix accompanied by hyperechoic foci and reverberation artifacts were identified. Multiple hyperechoic foci were found within the uterine wall, indicating gas content. Escherichia coli was isolated from aerobic and anaerobic bacterial cultures. Radiological differential diagnosis of tubular shaped, dilated gas-filled structure, and gas in the wall of the structure should consider emphysematous pyometra with endometrial pneumatosis in intact female dogs with vulvar discharge.

South Korea, one of the representative countries known for consuming dog meat, is experiencing a gradual decline in its consumption, and it is expected to be eradicated soon as there is no influx of new consumers. However, the cultural aspect of dog meat consumption is strong as it is deeply rooted in social traditions, and there is inadequate agreement on banning it legally. This article examines the laws related to dog meat and how it is currently managed. It also scrutinizes the animal welfare and food safety aspects of the process of dog meat breeding and distribution. The current legal management system for dog meat is inadequate, which poses risks in terms of food safety. In addition, the dogs used for food consumption are exposed to coarse environments from an animal welfare perspective. Until dog meat consumption is naturally eradicated, establishing a temporary hygiene management system to ensure food safety and improve animal welfare could be one solution.

Pseudo-pheochromocytoma is defined as an adrenal tumor that has the typical characteristics of pheochromocytoma likely hypertension but is histopathologically diagnosed to other types of adrenal tumors. 11-year-old, castrated male Maltese presented for a left adrenal mass with hypertension. According to clinical signs and radiological features, a temporary diagnosis was made of pheochromocytoma. The adrenalectomy was performed and the histopathological examination of the resected adrenal gland was diagnosed as cortical adenocarcinoma. This report describes the case of pseudo-pheochromocytoma in a dog and implies the salience that even if pheochromocytoma is diagnosed based on all test results, pseudo-pheochromocytoma should not be excluded.

본 연구는 반려견 양육활동에 따른 외로움감소 및 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향을 알아 보기 위하여 수도권에 있는 20대에서 60대에 이르기 까지 반려동물 양육활동을 하고 있 는 290명을 대상으로 설문을 실시하였고, 인구사회학적 특성에 따라 반려인의 외로움 감 소 및 삶의 행복감과 반려견에 대한 애착 및 만족도에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 회귀분석을 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 성별, 연령, 학력, 결혼유무, 종교인수 및, 동거인 수에 따라 외로움 감소는 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 하지만 행복감과 만족도는 성별과 결혼 유무에 따라 유의미한 차 이를 나타냈고, 연령, 학력, 종교유무 및 동거인 수에는 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 또한 반 려견에 대한 애착과 양육활동의 긍정적인 마인드는 성별에만 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 하 지만 연령, 학력, 결혼여부, 종교유무 및 동거인 수에는 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 반려견을 양육하는 반려인들에게 미치는 긍정적인 측면은 다양한 반려인들이 공유할 수 있도록 하고, 반려견 양육시 고려해야 할 사례는 예비 반려인을 위해 정보가 제공되어 반 려견 양육활동에 도움이 되길 기대해 본다.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is frequently observed in intact middle-aged or older male dogs with symptoms ranging from asymptomatic to various symptoms such as urination, dyschezia, dysuria, tenesmus, and intermittent serosanguinous or clear serous exudate. A 4-year-old, intact male Welsh corgi with symptoms of intermittent hematuria and serosanguinous exudate at the urethral opening was diagnosed with BPH and intraprostatic hematocyst through ultrasonographic examination and cytology test. The dog was internationally adopted for reproductive purposes and needed to undergo BPH treatment while maintaining fertility. Thus, 2.5 mg finasteride was administered orally once a day for treatment option and therapeutic effects were observed, including loss of clinical symptoms and reduced prostate and intraparenchymal cyst size.