Cnidium officinale M. is an important crop that is widely used as a raw material for health functional foods. However, it is experiencing cultivation difficulties due to climate change and abnormally high temperatures. In response to this problem, the characteristics and main causes of the high-temperature damage occurring in C. officinale M. cultivation fields were analyzed. A survey of five farmhouse fields in Jecheon and Bonghwa, major C. officinale M. cultivation areas in Korea in 2018, indicated that about 5% to 37% of the cultivation fields in Jecheon and 5% to 15% of the fields in Bonghwa died from wilting. The high-temperature damage of the C. officinale M. fields is divided into two categories: upper leaves drying due to solar radiation and temperature, and lower leaves dying serially to the radiant heat of the vinyl mulch. Damage caused by radiant heat was typically greater. This is due to the greenhouse effect that occurs in the small space between the black vinyl mulching and the soil. The heat radiated to the surface of the ridge creating an environmental condition that greatly exceeded the atmospheric temperature especially on hot days. As a result, short plants with underground parts, such as C. officinale M., can suffer more high-temperature damage than other plants, so it is considered that it is necessary to develop related technologies such as mulching materials that can reduce pavement temperature in the future.

PURPOSES : When fire event occurs in tunnel the reinforced concrete is exposed to very high temperature at a very short time period. This study investigates the tensile behavior of steel rebar that experienced high temperature. METHODS : The steel rebar was exposed to 200, 400, 600, and 800℃ following the ISO 834 temperature-time fire curve. Hightemperature- exposed steel rebars were tested using the UTM for their yielding and tensile strengths, and elongation rate. RESULTS : Up to an exposure temperature of 600℃, the tensile properties of the rebar did not vary considerably. However, at 800℃ (which corresponds to a temperature rise time of approximately 22 min), the rebar lost its yielding and tensile strength by approximately 27 and 13%, respectively, compared to the control specimen. Further, the elongation rate increased after exposure to 600℃. The above fundamental tensile test results can be a good reference for future guidelines in the repair manual for tunnels after severe fire events. CONCLUSIONS : When steel rebar experiences high temperatures of 800℃, the yield strength of the rebar reduces approximately 27%. This strength reduction can cause severe structural damage to tunnels that use reinforced concrete as the primary structural elements.

Results of this study appeared chicken breeding households nationwide in 3,323 households. Local broiler breeding two numbers are Jeonbuk>Chungnam>Jeonnam> Gyeonggi>Gyeongbuk>Chungbuk>Gyeongnam>Gangwon>Jeju appeared in other net. Local chicken breeding numbers are Chungnam>Jeonbuk>Gyeongbuk>Jeonam> Chungbuk>Gyeongnam>Gangwon appeared in order. Livestock mortality is 482,000 numbers in 2012, and 911,000 numbers in 2014 and 2.494,000 numbers in 2015, a significant increase year by to 4.298,000 numbers in 2016. Insurance 11.2 billion in 2012, 49.8 billion in 2013, 21.2 billion in 2014, 74.5 million won was paid in 2015 is expected to be paid in 2016, 128.4 billion won. A study on the future, preventing livestock damage caused by high temperature will have to continue.

Five empirical farmhouses were selected to reduce the high temperature damage in oak mushroom cultivation using bed-logs. The cultivation facilities were categorized as follows: those having two blackout curtains or one blackout curtain and outdoor oak mushroom cultivation. The inequality of the indoor condition, oak mushroom hyphae rampant ratio, and fruit body production in each test condition was evaluated. 3oC was lower in indoor temperature of cultivation facility having two blackout curtains than one blackout curtain. Specifically, the indoor air humidity average of cultivation facilities having one or two blackout curtains was 10% lower than that of outdoor oak mushroom cultivation. This condition is not ideal for oak mushroom cultivation as continuous indoor humidity control is essential for producing good fruit bodies. The Inoculated bed-log surface and oak mushroom hyphae rampant ratio of bed-logs cultivated with two blackout curtains was superior to other tested conditions. The mushroom production ratio observed in facilities with two blackout curtains was 117-204% higher than those cultivated in facilities with only one blackout curtain. Furthermore, the mushroom production ratio increased in based on these findings, we recommended five cultivation facility models to reduce high temperature damage in oak mushroom cultivation using bed-logs.

In this study, a low temperature growth of high-quality carbon nanotubes on glass substrate using a local surface heating without heating damage to substrate was tried and characterized. The local joule heating was induced to only Ni/Ti metal film on glass substrate by applying voltage to the film. It was estimated that local surface joule heating method could heat the metal surface locally up to around 1200℃ by voltage control. We could successfully obtain high-quality carbon nanotubes grown at 300℃ by applying 125 V for joule heating as same as carbon nanotubes grown at 900℃.

Background : Turmeric is a subtropical plant, which has a high temperature for growing, but if it continues to be high temperature, it will be turned into heat degradation phenomenon. In order to mitigate damage caused by high temperature, we investigate the damage caused by high temperature. Methods and Results : This study was carried out in the experimental packaging (April 2018 seeding) of the Gyeongnam provincial medicinal resource research institute and eight systems of Turmeric (Curcuma longa) As the main research items, temperature characteristics of treatment distinction and high temperature damage rate were investigated. From July to August 2018, the main weather condition was over 35℃ for more than 21 days and showed abnormal high temperature. CUR11 showed the highest mortality rate (9.1%), and CUR10 (44.8%) showed the highest mortality rate. The average number of CUR11 strain was 23.2%. The mortality rate was 4.9% at the 60 th day of the emergence period and 40.2% at the 75 th day after 2 weeks. The higher the loss rate, the higher the damage rate. When the coating was maintained, the coating surface showed a high temperature of 50℃ or higher. A test was conducted to confirm the heat-reducing effect by coating, as a result of the test, there was no significant difference in the removal rate compared to the control. Conclusion : In order to alleviate the effect of high temperatures on the growth of turmeric, it was found that the heat loss caused by the coating did not appear much in case of turmeric.

Background : The use of the rain shelter facility gets more prevalent in the Ginseng cultivation area these days. This study is designed to establish a technique for the stable cultivation of Ginseng in the rain shelter facilities in high temperature (above 30 ℃) without the damage from high temperature Methods and Results : This study was carried out on 3-year Ginseng roots in 2016 in order to find out how to stably cultivate Ginseng in high temperature without suffering the high temperature damage during the cultivation of Ginseng under rain shelter facilities. The rain shading materials were coated with scattering film (scattering film + black shading net 90%), bluish white double-sided film (shading 85%) and PE film (PE film + black shading net 90%). The damage reduction by high temperature was made to the scattering film and bluish-white double-ended film only. An aluminum screen (shading rate: 40%) was installed when the high temperature (above 30℃) was reached while the isoprene (solution of 2000 times) was sprayed 4 times every 7 days from the full development stage. The light transmittance was 12.6 - 13.4% for the scattering film, 10.5 - 10.8% for the bluish-white double sided film and 7.1% for the PE film in the first coating while it was 7.3% for the scattering film and 7.1% for the bluish-white double-sided film when the aluminum screen was installed in high temperature. The high, average and low values in the relative humidity were higher inside the facility than in the outside during the survey period. The area of leaf was the largest under the scattering film. The area of leaf was the largest for the scattered film under the aluminum shade of 40% shading followed by that of spraying of isoprene 4 times, and that of the no-treatment. As for the growth under ground, the growth of underground shoots increased by 40% in aluminum screen, 53.7% in shading and 26.1% in the spraying of isoprene 4 times than non-shading while there was no difference among other rain shelter materials. Conclusion : The result of the research showed that when the scattering film is selected as the rain shelter material film for the cultivation of Ginseng, it is necessary to shade the sunlight as much as 40% by using the aluminum screen or the shading net to reduce the high temperature damage.