근 들어 한국 선교학계에서 가장 활발하게 논의되고 있는 주제중 하나가 선교적 교회론과 그것을 적용한 선교적 교회에 관한 것으로서이에 대한 많은 연구결과물들이 쏟아져 나온 상황이다. 현재의 상황에서는 이들 연구물들을 종합적으로 정리하여 신학적인 선교적 교회론과 실천적 선교적 교회에서 나타날 수 있는 전체적인 문제점들과 이에서파생되는 과제들을 정리해 봄으로써 앞으로 선교적 교회론의 논의가나아가야 할 방향을 바로 잡는 것이 시급한 일인 것으로 사료된다. 선교적 교회론과 선교지향적 교회에 관한 논의에서는 크게 신학적인 과제와 실천적인 과제로 대별하여 구분할 수 있다. 먼저, 신학적과제에서는 선교적 교회론에 관한 연구가 주로 에큐메니컬 진영에서이루어지고 있다는 점에서 파생되는 과제들이다. 여기에는 세 가지핵심적인 문제점이 존재하는데 첫째, 교회 내적 과제로서 선교적 교회론 논의가 광범위하게는 교회론(신학 혹은 이론)에 관한 논의인지, 아니면 선교가 교회의 기능(실천) 중 중심적 위치를 차지해야 한다는 것인지에 관한 문제가 핵심논점 중 하나다. 교회의 실천적 방향의 문제일 경우에는 기존의 교회론을 수정할 필요가 없으나, 교회론에관한 문제일 경우 교회론 전반을 고쳐야 하는 지극히 난해한 과제가 남게 된다. 둘째, 일단 선교적 교회론이 성경적이고도 바른 교회론이라 고 한다면 선교적 교회론에서 신학적 방향성에서 파생되는 합의성의도출에 관한 문제가 대두될 것이다. 신학적으로 자유주의적 성향을 지닌 에큐메니컬 선교신학을 한국교회의 주종을 형성하고 있는 보수주의적 교회현장에 적용가능한지에 대한 과제이다. 세 번째로는 에큐메니컬 선교신학에서 지향하는 ‘세계내적 존재’로서의 교회에 대한 관점이‘교회내적 존재’로 자신을 규정하고 있는 교회 내의 보수주의적 성향을 어떻게 극복가능한지에 관한 과제이다. 이와 연관된 것으로서 세계내에서의 하나님의 직접적인 활동을 강조하는 에큐메니컬 신학이 과연 하나님께서 교회를 통해 세상에 일하신다는 신념을 지닌 현실의 한국교회에게 얼마만큼 호소력을 지닐 수 있는지에 관한 과제이다. 실천적 과제로서는 의식변화의 과제로서 여기에는 먼저 신학교육 을 통한 목회자의 의식변화가 우선적인 과제로 떠오른다. 교회구성원들 의 의식변화는 이미 길들여진 타성으로 인해 변화되기 매우 힘든 문제이다. 그러나 리더로서의 목회자의 의식이 변화되면 교회구성원들의의식변화는 보다 용이하게 변화될 가능성을 지닐 수 있다고 할 수 있다. 또한 선교적 교회가 되기 위해서는 구조적, 실천적 과제가 따른다.기존의 구조와 교회의 선교적 실천의 방향성을 바꾸는 과제로서 교회의정체성인 거룩성과 세속성의 균형을 이루어야하고 선교와 예배, 교제의균형을 지닐 수 있어야 한다.

Over the past decades, researchers devoted considerable attention to the impact of store environments on shopping behavior (e.g. Baker et al., 2002; Kotler, 1973; Turley & Milliman, 2000). More recent, practitioners and academics alike have argued that a greater challenge for brands is the creation and enhancement of compelling shopping experiences along, and beyond, the entire path-to-purchase (Interbrand, 2014; Shankar et al., 2011). In a luxury brand context, where the shopping experience is a significant motivator for purchases (Yoon, 2013), the interaction of multiple retail environments greatly affect consumer behavior towards the brands. Accordingly, brand experiences is created at both ends of the marketing supply chain, by brand manufacturers and retailers. Yet, although research has developed fruitful areas for new perspectives on the relationships between manufacturers and retailers (Ganesan et al., 2009), the vast majority of existing research predominantly focuses on consumer response to brand experiences with respect to manufacturer cues (Dolbec & Chebat, 2013; Tynan et al., 2010), store cues (Baker et al., 2002), or retail settings (Möller & Herm, 2013). The evolving business world needs to implement more comprehensive and holistic approaches (Choi et al., 2014), where integrated strategies must emerge. The objective of this study is to present an explanation of luxury brand experiences across manufacturer and retailer’s settings. By overviewing the literature on the interaction between brand management, store atmospherics, and consumer behavior, and applying qualitative methods, the authors provide relevant insights for academics and practitioners toward a more comprehensive understanding of the luxury brand experience. Customer experience and luxury brands In the field of contemporary marketing, customer experience has been defined as a construct which “encompasses the total experience and may involve multiple retail channels” (Verhoef et al., 2009, p. 32). It includes the search, purchase, consumption, and after-sale phases of the experience. In a holistic brand perspective, this definition enlightens the key role of luxury brands in delivering the same brand promise and brand message across each connection between the consumer and the brand. Among the characteristics of luxury brands, consumers are willing to pursue luxury products as these products provide psychological benefits rather than functional benefits (Kapferer, 1997). Further, luxury brands are associated with status, wealth, exclusion, and pride (McFerran et al., 2014). As result, strong experiences with luxury brands derive when consumers develop deep emotional bonds with brands (Grisaffe & Nguyen, 2011). From a marketing perspective, consumers that develop deep emotional relationships with a brand have a lot of positive and strong associations (Yoo et al., 2000), such as the perception of the brand uniqueness and inimitability, and loyalty to the brand. However, when it comes to analyze the brand experience, research confers a conceptually different meaning from other brand constructs. According to Brakus et al. (2009), brand experience has distinct dimensions from evaluative, affective, and associative brand constructs, such as brand attachment, brand attitudes, customer delight, and brand personality. The concept of brand experience encompasses multiple dimensions, which refer to the sensorial, affective, intellectual, and behavioral sphere (Zarantonello & Schmitt, 2009). More specifically, the intrinsic concept of luxury brands as hedonic products with high symbolic value, holistically incorporate manufactures and retailers in fulfilling these various dimensions of brand experience. By assuring consistency across the manufacturer and retailer’s settings of the luxury brand, customer experiences evoke the exclusivity of the brand and transfer the authenticity of the brand message. From a consumer’s perspective, consumers reach brand authenticity when they perceive both the internal consistency, which focuses on maintaining the luxury brand standard and style, honoring its heritage, preserving its essence, and avoiding its exploitation, and the external consistency, which pertains to appearances and claims of the brand (Choi et al., 2014). Similarly, consumers tend to perceive the exclusivity of the luxury brand when they encounter consistent experiences across multiple brand touch points. Accordingly, in the experiential view, the principle of consistency and contiguity proposes that sensations, imagery, feelings, pleasures, and other symbolic or hedonic components are paired together to create mutually evocative consumer response (Holbrook & Hirschmann, 1982). The integration between the marketing and consumer’s perspectives suggests that luxury brands create and maintain powerful customer experiences when there is consistency across the manufacturer and retailer’s environments. However, in the landscape of luxury brand management, the conceptualization of customer experience requires the understanding of how consumers respond to luxury brand messages. This investigation is particularly important when examining brand experiences emerged in the manufacturer versus retailer physical environment. Existing literature on brand experiences, retail atmospherics, and luxury brands cannot fill the gap we address. Prior studies aiming to investigate the brand experience have analyzed the phenomenon of this construct from a theoretical perspective (Verhoef et al., 2009), case study analysis (Payne et al., 2009), or focused only on the direct relationship between manufacturer and consumer (e.g. Dolbec et al., 2013; Kim, 2009). For example, Dolbec et al. (2013) have studied in-store brand experiences on consumer response to flaghship vs. brand stores, and highlighted how their study suffers from not considering the continuity between current, previous and future experiences. Regarding the impact of store atmospherics and retailer’s settings on customer experiences (e.g. Baker et al. 2002; Bloch, 1995), research has found that specific combinations of atmospherics elements influences consumers’ perceptions about merchandise, service quality, and the overall store image. More recently, Möller & Herm (2013) showed how retail settings may shape consumers interpretation and evaluation of the brand, and in-store bodily experiences transfer a metaphoric message to customers’ perceptions of the brand. However, the authors empirically tested a mono-brand fashion retail store, and stressed the importance of examining the interaction between brand and store personalities in transferring meaning “from the product to the retailer and the other way around” (Möller & Herm, 2013, p. 8). The retail landscape has dramatically changed the dynamics of consumer-brand interactions in the physical encounter. The main challenge of these interactions concerns the effective integration of multichannel brand experiences into an exciting, emotionally engaging, and coherent brand experience. However, in-depth studies on consumer perceptions to these multi-environment experiences have not yet emerged. In this paper, we aim to fill that gap. By addressing the attention to the customer’s sphere, we specifically investigate how consumers perceive luxury brands in relation to brand experiences across various retail settings. Method and studies Owing to the lack of relevant research, this study applies a direct qualitative and exploratory approach to develop deep insights of consumers response to luxury brand experiences in different retail settings (Creswell, 2012). Two sequential studies investigate consumer cues of brand experiences across various environments. Study 1 provides the identification of luxury brand elements that are pivotal in the creation of exciting shopping experiences. In study 1, respondents named a luxury brand which they had frequently experienced in the last year, and to which they felt being in a deep relationship across multiple retail touch points of the brand. Respondents were asked about what elements of the brand they were more engaged to. The authors imposed no constraints on the elicitation. Following the categorization of luxury brands (Jackson, 2004) which comprehends fashion, perfumes and cosmetics, wines and spirits, and watches and luxury, respondents chose whatever brand they wanted. One of the authors provided the instructions to respondents. This study includes in the first sample a variety of 35 consumers from various age (20 to 65 years old consumers), as well as various education levels. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and evaluated with content analysis, following quality criteria of Kassarjian (1977). The luxury brand elements emerged from Study 1 were used in Study 2 as thematic basis for investigating how these elements provide exciting experiences across multiple retail setting of the luxury brand. The same interviewer of Study 1 undertook in-depth interviews with eight of the above respondents, two from each consumer profile identified in line with the hedonic profiles of Arnold & Reynolds (2003). Each interview discussion lasted between 30 and 45 minutes, was audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The text was analyzed by the authors following the generalized sequence of steps of data reduction and transformation, data display and conclusion drawing/verification (Miles & Huberman, 1994). The code development followed thematic analysis (Boyatzis, 1998), and coding was multivariate within subjects. With multiple ideas per respondent, we extracted a large list of properties. We sorted thematic elements into logically related clusters and assigned representative headers. The authors now describe results regarding respondents’ perceptions of luxury brand experiences in multiple retail environments. Results and discussion Consumers identified a wide range of experience factors that they seek in luxury brands, and highlighted how the brand and retail environment fulfill these expectations. They considered the brand evocation to exclusivity and authenticity as the primary reason for purchasing luxury brands. One of the respondents stated: “I buy brand X because it is a nice and deeply authentic brand to have. When I use the brand X I feel I am wearing something very exclusive. And I feel exclusive”. Regarding experiencing luxury brands in the stores, respondents stressed the importance of “finding the same brand appealing in the monobrand store as well across retailers’ stores”, and added that when they did not perceive this coherence of message they often switched to other brands in the purchasing stage. Another determinant element of holistic experiences concerns the products presentation of the brand in various settings, which has to be very similar and related across the brand touch points. Respondents explained to feel confused when they visit one store and encounter “colorful display with a charming presentation of the brand Y in the store of retailer 1”, while finding in store of retailer 2 “black and white displays and an awful presentation for the brand Y”. Concerning the specific impact of the retailer’s environment on luxury experiences, we identified that the overall store setting of the retailer influences the luxury brand even when consumers do not experience the brand in the specific. For example, one respondent highlighted that “If I have to buy brand Z, I never go to retailer 3. I know that brand Z does not feel luxury at all in retailer 3 because of its very old fashioned store”. This study shows how consumers respond to luxury brand strategies across manufacturer and retailer’s brand setting. By providing deep insights on their relationship with luxury brands, consumers contributed to understand key elements for living consistent luxury brand experiences. They stresses the pivotal role of a coherent brand exclusivity. This is an evident implication to motivate consumers in purchasing the luxury brands. Retailers can also make important considerations from our study. They must create more appealing and overall exciting store images. By enhancing luxury experiences in the store, retailers can leverage opportunities of stronger connection with consumers. Simultaneously, brand manufacturers can build upon retailers enhanced in-store experience to magnify the holistic luxury brand experience. Finally, this study is one of the first explorations concerning the cross-effect of brand experiences and store atmospherics. In an empirical context, the authors investigate the conceptualization of consumer experiences in a multichannel view, and provide relevant contributions to analyze the brand and the environment as interdependent elements. Further research may test empirically our findings on the interaction between luxury brands and multi-retail experiences.

본 논문은 ‘한국 농촌에서 통전적 선교를 성공적으로 수행하는 농촌교회들이 있는가? 있다면 그들의 동기, 목적, 특징, 및 당면 과제들은 무엇인가? 그들이 가지고 있는 공통점들로부터 얻을 수 있는 선교적 통찰은 무엇이며, 그것은 어떻게 한국 농촌교회에 보편적인 원리로 적용될 수 있을까?’라는 질문으로부터 시작되었다. 이 질문들에 답하기 위해서 연구자는 먼저 통전적 선교의 신학적 근거가 되는 통전적 선교신학, 선교적 교회론, 웨슬리의 통전적 선교실천을 간략하게 서술한다. 그리고 실제로 오늘 한국 농촌에서 통전적 선교를 성공적으로 수행하는 여섯 개의 농촌교회들을 사례연구하고, 그들이 가지고 있는 공통점들로부터 농촌교회의 통전적 선교를 위한 필수 요소들을 정리한다. 그것은 (1) 정주목회자(定住牧會者); (2) 선교적 교회론(선교적 자기정체성); (3) 지역사회의 필요에 대한 이해; (4) 성육신적 선교의 실천; (5) 통전적 선교의 수행; (6) 교회 안팎 사역의 균형; (7) 도시교회, 농촌교회, 교단본부, 신학교 간의 유기적 연대이다. 오늘 한국의 농촌은 절망과 희망, 위기와 기회, 쇠퇴와 가능성이 함께 공존하는 선교현장이다. 농촌사회의 고령화와 공동화로 농촌교회의 양적 성장이 한계를 드러내고 미자립 농촌 교회들이 산재해 있는 것은 농촌교회의 어두운 현실이지만, 귀농.귀촌 인구의 증가, 친환경 농산물의 생산과 소비증가, 다인종.다문화의 확산, 정주목회자들의 증가는 농촌교회와 농촌사회에 새로운 가능성과 희망을 제시하고 있다. 이런 선교현장에서 더 많은 정주목회자들이 선교적 교회론과 지역사회의 필요에 대한 분명한 이해를 가지고, 성육신적 선교와 통전적 선교를 수행하면서, 도시교회, 교단본부, 신학교와 유기적인 연대를 이루어간다면 농촌사회의 총체적인 변화와 복음화는 더 효과적으로 이루어질 것이다.

본 연구는 노후주거지의 총체적 재생을 위한 주민주체의 마스터플랜 수립에 있어 계획과정, 계획내 , 실행방법에 대한 시사점을 도출하는데 목적이 있다. 연구방법은 기존연구의 고찰, 마스터플랜 수립과정별 참여주체, 참여방법,계획내용을 분석하였으며 워크샵, 설문조사, 공람·공청회가 병행되었다.노후주거지의 총체적 재생을 위한 주민주체의 마스터플랜의 특징은 다음과 같다. 계획의 수립주체는 주민, 전문가,행정과 함께 중간지원조직으로 MP팀이 함께한다. 계획과정은 전체 주민이 직접 참여할 수 있도록 다양한 워크샵을운영하고 주민대표그룹과 행정, MP팀이 협의를 통해 단계별 계획내용을 결정한다. 주요내용은 물리적 재생을 위한 사유공간과 공공공간의 환경개선, 경제적 재생을 위한 일자리 창출방안, 사회적 재생을 위한 주민역량강화, 공동체활성화, 문화·복지환경 개선방안으로 구성되며 계획내용이 서로 유기적으로 연계된다. 실행방법은 적극적인 주민참여를바탕으로 실현가능한 사업에서 출발하며 중앙정부와 지자체의 다양한 공모사업에 응모와 제안을 통해 예산확보방안을모색한다.

지식기반의 사회에서 ICT를 활용한 교육 체제의 변화에 대한 개발도상국의 요청이 늘어남에 따라 Holistic Educational Systemic Change Model의 필요성이 날로 대두되고있다.따라서 본 연구의 목적은 기초연구로써 개발도상국의 교육정보화를 통한 교육체제의 변화에 대한 효과적이고 효율적인 정착과 확산을 위한 Holistic Educational Systemic ChangeModel의 개념화를 위한 방향이 무엇인가를 탐색하는 것이다. 이를 위해 교육 분야에서 대표적으로 다루어지고 있는 체제적 변화에 대한 논의를 통해 교육정보화를 통한 개발도상국의교육 체제의 변화를 위한 시사점을 도출하였다. 또한 이를 토대로 국제교육협력에서의 개발도상국의 교육정보화를 위해 고려되어야 할 요소와의 관련성을 분석하여 Holistic EducationalSystemic Change Model의 개념화를 위한 방향을 제시하고자 하였다.분석 결과 관련 연구물들에서 나타나고 있는 교육체제의 변화는 사회 패러다임의 전환에 기인하며, 이를 위해서는 체제적 접근을 통한 교육 체제의 설계가 필요하다. 또한국제교육협력에서의 교육정보화에 관한 사업을 위해서는 교육정보화 관련 정책과 리더십, 그리고 전략뿐만 아니라 교육정보화를 위한 인프라 구축, 인적자원의 개발 및 훈련등을 거시적인 관점에서 고려해야만 한다.이를 토대로 Holistic Educational Systemic Change Model의 개념화를 위해 필요한방향과 원리가 도출되었다.

The article explores the lifegiving holistic mission and strategy for the community in the Korean context in the global and ecological crisis era. The main body of the article consists of three parts. First, the paper deals with the issues of the Korean society in the global context and the responses of the Korean churches against them. The issues are as follows: the climate change and ecological crisis, widening of gaps between the rich and the poor in the globalization market system, conflicts of two Koreas, multicultural immigrants society issues in Korea, rapid emergency of the civil society as mission partners of the churches. Against the issues the Korean churches which have been fallen into scandals of bipolar tensions between the super and big churches and the small and selfsupportless churches in Korea, have lost energy to drive missionary activities to take measures to the issues. Formation of a new missional church in the view of community mission is asked in the Korean context. Second, the article discusses the lifegiving holistic mission for the community in which various organizations including faithbased organizations are active together for common good. The church mission for the community is necessary to be based on the mission of the trinitarian God of which the Holy Spirit leads the missions of churches for the community in the diverse ways of networks. The lifegiving holistic mission works for elevating quality of life of the community even in the ecological destruction crisis. Third, the paper suggests some strategies of the holistic mission for the community, analyzing mission experiences of three churches such as Bupyung Church (a small church in the city), Kwangyang Deakwang Church (a medium size church in the city) and Boryung Zion Church (a small church in the rural area) which are oriented to drive a lifegiving holistic mission for the community. In order to do mission activities in unity for the community the churches need to understand the solidarity concepts such as the covenant, responsibility for the other, and the conciliar process. Further the paper emphasizes the mission spiritualities for the lifegiving holistic mission for the community: incarnation of Jesus Christ and selfemptiness spirituality, integrity of worship in communication with community life, and the works of the Holy Spirit among the people of God.

본 논문은 지구가 신음하고 한국의 환경지수가 최악에 떨어져 있는 상황에서 한국교회가 참여한 생태계를위한 생명봉사적 통전 선교를 논의하려는 것이다. 지구가 신음하는 상황은 인구폭발, 가난의 확대, 다양한종의 멸종, 벌목, 물의 부족과 오염, 토양의 침식과 퇴화, 넘쳐나는 쓰레기, 에너지 소비의 확산, 대기오염, 민물과 해수의 오염, 기후변화와 지구온난화 등으로 드러난다. 오늘날 한국의 환경 생태계 상황은 새만금 사업, 4대강사업, 제주도 강정마을의 평화와 생태계 지키기 갈등, 그리고 지난 10월에 개최된 유엔사막화방지회의에서 드러난다. 본 논문은 한국교회의 환경생태 선교를 논의하되 생명봉사적 통전 선교 관점에서 접근한다. 이미 논의된 통전선교는 이원론적인 복음주의 선교와 에큐메니칼 선교를 통전시키는것으로 사회정치적차원에서 논의된것이기 때문에 오늘날 생태계 위기의 상황에서 한계를 갖는다. 생명위기의 시대에는 유기적, 총체적, 관계적특성을 유지하는 생명봉사적 통전 선교가 필요하다. 본논문은 환경과 생태문제를 다루는 방식으로 환경주의와 생태주의를 동시에 취하고 있다. 기존 질서에 대한 이해와 변혁 지향의 정도를 기준으로 볼 때 환경주의는 위기 관리 차원에서 보다 손쉽게 적용이 가능하고 생태주의는 신학적 논의는 깊게 하였으나 현실변혁은 쉽지않은 상황에 있다. 본 논문의 구조는 먼저 환경생태계의 위기 상황을 지구적 차원과 한국의 국지적 차원에서 논의하면서 레스터브라운의 미국의 환경대응안을 검토하고, 한국교회의 생태환경 관련 주요 사건을 다룬다. 그리고 성경이 제시하는 창조를 이해하면서 생태청지기직을 강조하고, 한국신학자들과 선교학자들이 천착한 생태 환경관련 논문을 분석한다. 여기에서는 한국연구재단 등재지로서 ｢한국기독교신학논총｣, ｢선교신학｣, ｢선교와신학｣에실린것으로, 선교적으로 실천가능성을 비치고 있는 논문은 8개가 있었는데, 책 1권과 자료집 1개를 추가하여 10개의 글을 3카테고리 즉 신학적 윤리적 에큐메니칼 논문, 복음주의적 논문, 그리고 생명봉사적 통전 선교 논문으로 분류하였다. 끝으로 이러한 생태계를 위한 생명봉사적 통전 선교를 한국교회가 어떠한 방식으로 했는가를 4가지 즉 윤리적선교, 종교적대화선교, 네트워크선교, 생명봉사적 통전선교로 구분하였다. 이러한 환경생태에 대한 생명봉사적 통전선교가 환경생태 위기의 시대에 한국과 전 세계는 물론 민둥산이 되어있는 북한 땅에서도 추진되기를 바란다.

e-Learning has now been used widely as a teaching tool of the new era. Effective delivery of e-Learning could bring a better learning outcome in an effective and efficient way. Besides, mobile technology has enabled mobility in e-Learning, which could bring even a better e-Learning for all. However, there is not yet a model of best practice in e-Learning for Thailand, let alone for the world. This paper discusses most selected modes out of 22 modes of Integrative Delivery Methodology with Mobility for successful implementation of e-Learning in Thailand based on perceptions and experiences of the lecturers from Thailand Cyber University Project, the only national e-Learning institution at Higher Education level under the Ministry of Education. The findings revealed that Discussion group is the most selected delivering mode followed by Forum and Brainstorming(equally).

This thesis is to represent a application of ‘Community Health Evangelism’ to ‘Multicultural Mission of Korean churches’ as a method of balanced evangelisations and Christanised social responsibility in the aspect of ‘Holistic Mission’, while there are much interest of Korean society on increasing number of migrants and ‘Multiculture’. The main works of CHE are ‘Maternal and child health’, ‘Village development’. ‘Educational works’, ‘Enterprise for women and children’ and so forth. These works are very similar to works of migrants' centres; ‘Medical services’, ‘Shelters’, ‘Enterprise of Multicultural family’, ‘Consultation centre’ etc. However, these kinds of centres are just offering one way-helps to migrants but, they can not support migrants to develop and grow themselves overcoming their inferior environments and lives. Accordingly, CHE strategy would play positive roles in making their works maintain the identity and trait of Christian gospel in works of Multiculture missions which stress on social responsibility and then suggest concrete and modified alternatives for social evangelisations.

This study focused on developing a comprehensive strategy for effective missions in North Korea in light of holistic mission. North Korea is a closed nation which calls for some practical mission strategies to be evangelized according to divine providence. Both the work of Holy Spirit and the work of the missionaries are essential to extend the kingdom of God in North Korea. First of all, this study pointed out the importance of developing a comprehensive mission strategy. The mission strategy is based on the concept of Missio Dei (God’s Mission) and the perspective of God‘s kingdom. In other words, both ecumenical and evangelical approaches are needed for a holistic mission in North Korea. This study found out six mission strategies as follows: First, rebuild churches in North Korea through the existing house churches. Second, focus on the people who have escaped from North Korea for freedom. Third, encourage NGO (Nongovernmental Organizations) missions. Fourth, carry out missions in cooperation with the North Korea Christian Federation. Fifth, pursue peaceful unification between North and South Korea. Sixth, carry out missions through Koreans who are living in China. Extending God’s kingdom in North Korea can be possible when some practical mission strategies are well developed and effectively applied. The mission strategies as well as the church’s ministries need to be contextualized so that the Gospel message can be meaningfully communicated to the people. As a result, a lot of true disciples of Jesus Christ can be produced. God will be glorified when many people in North Korea experience becoming a Christian. All Christians in North and South Korea need to arise and shine God‘s light to the world. “Arise, Shine, for your light has come, and the glory of the Lord rises upon you.” (Is. 60:1).

Various studies have been conducted to minimize the subjectivity and increase the accuracy in assessing written texts, and the present study focused on the scoring rubrics which were the basic criteria for evaluating writing. Three different scoring rubrics (holistic, analytic and multiple-trait scoring method) were compared in evaluating argumentative essays written by Korean high school students. The present study aims to investigate the rater-reliability of the three scoring methods, holistic, analytic, and multiple-trait scoring methods. Scores of the five raters which were obtained from using the three scoring methods were compared. It was found that there were significant mean differences in the three scoring methods. Raters gave the relatively low scores when they used the holistic scoring. Next, the highest inter-rater reliability was found in the multiple-trait scoring. All the three scoring methods showed an acceptable level of reliability above .07. However, raters showed the highest reliability when they used a multiple-trait scoring rubric. Also, high correlation was found among components of analytic and multiple-trait scoring methods, indicating that the multiple-trait scoring rubric can replace the analytic scoring rubric. Finally, raters expressed a favor over the multiple-trait scoring. The result of this study suggests some implications for writing assessment in Korean secondary English classes.

This qualitative study explores how a holistic approach to writing across language skills can promote EFL student writing in terms of linguistic, cognitive, metacognitive, and affective factors. As an alternative to current writing methods that narrowly focus on the surface structure of language, this study shows how a technology-incorporated EFL writing project, conducted by Korean college students, integrated various activities across different language skills to support student writing globally and holistically. Beyond the traditional view of writing as a product and the current view of writing as a process, activities presented in this paper also embraced social factors of writing. This paper investigates the following three research questions: 1) how can an integrated curriculum facilitate student writing? 2) How can L1 writing assist L2 writing? 3) How can technology promote student view of writing as a social act? The result of this study indicated that the students’ writings greatly improved in both form and content during this project. The successful outcome of the Dokdo project will provide a new insight on EFL writing to writing teachers.

The study of church growth takes effective strategies of evangelism seriously, because of its theological foundation that ‘Church Growth is Faithfulness to God. ’ Church growth theorists believe that this growth of the church will be accomplished only through constant works of evangelism and proclamation. Such evangelistic endeavors will eventually produce the growth of the church In this study, therefore, the writer attempts to summarize a few important methods of evangelism which was dealt in the study of church growth. Moreover, based on constructive critiques from the holistic view of rnission, the writer attempts to present holistic strategies of evangelism, which leads to the concept of holistic church growth. The first strategy of evangelism developed by Church growth theorists is its emphasis on evangelism based on the concept of ‘people group.' The concept of people group has been firstly introduced by Donald McGavran and became the essential elements of church growth theory . Secondly, based on its new discovery of people groups, homogeneous unit principle became the most important strategy of evangelism in church growth theory. Thirdly, the theory of receptivity is examined and critiqued in its positive and negative contributions in the study of church growth. In spite of its significant contributions of discovering and utilizing strategies of evangelism, church growth theory is still open to valid criticism due to its too much emphasis on numerical growth. Therefore, based on new emphasis on holistic view of church growth, the writer attempts to employ Eddie Gibb’s dimensions of church growth and had adopted and developed these concepts for developing holi stic strategies of evangelism and church growth in this study. They are; 1) strategy of growing up of didacke, 2) strategy of growing together of koinonia, and 3) strategy of growing out of diaknoia. Based on these elements, the true and holi stic church growth will be accomplished.

The purposes of this research were to support understanding for the structure and content of Occupational Adaptation, to clarify the role of occupational therapist and the main intervention method on this model, to discuss the correlation between holistic thinking and occupational adaptation. To achieve above goals, the literatures on occupational adaptation which was introduced by Schkade and Schultz were investigated. Occupational adaptation is the description for adaptation processing that exists to everybody. Such processing helps the human adapt to occupational challenges, to perform various roles and activities, and to acquire competence. Occupational adaptation is not a collection of technique but a way of thinking about intervention in the individual’s internal adaptation process. The holistic approach, which is the background of occupational therapy, is the important thinking of occupational adaptation. In conclusion, Occupational adaptation is a method to apply the holistic thought to practice contexts. Further study on occupational adaptation is recommended to explore the appropriate methods that are practical for the occupational therapy atmosphere in Korea.

본 연구의 목적은 운동선수들을 대상으로 분석적-종합적 사고와 사후가정의 관계를 검증하는 것이다. 연구 대상은 중·고·대학생 운동선수들 418명(남 284명, 여학생 134명, 단체종목 234명, 개인종목 184명)이며, 분석적-종합적 사고 질문지와 사후가정 질문지를 배포하고 수거하였다. 분석적-종합적 사고에 따른 사후가정의 차이를 살펴보기 위하여 다변량분석을 실시했으며 이들 변인간의 관계와 영향력을 규명하기 위하여 상관분석과 회귀분석을 실시했다. 연구결과 첫째, 분석적-종합적 사고에 따라서 사후가정은 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며 주로 서양적인 분석적 사고가 강할수록 자기와 관련된, 동양적인 종합적 사고가 강할수록 타인과 관련된 사후가정을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 분석적-종합적 사고와 사후가정 및 이에 대한 하위요인들은 대부분 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 분석적-종합적 사고는 사후가정에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 갈등태도-인과성 요인이 가장 강력한 예언변수로서 분석적 사고는 자기와 관련된 사후가정에는 정(+)적으로, 타인과 관련된 사후가정에는 부(-)적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 결과를 바탕으로 분석적-자기관여적 사후가정, 종합적-타인관여적인 사후가정의 설명을 제시하여 비교문화적인 측면에서 선수들의 후회심리학을 살펴보았으며, 선수들의 후회심리에 대한 다양한 연구자들의 관심을 제언했다.

This research was to find out the effectiveness of the horticultural therapy program based on the therapeutic factors and the most meaningful experiences of the clients. For this purpose "Green harmony" program focused on harmony through horticulture was implemented. It is based on the preposition that holistic health is promoted with harmonious relationships with oneself, other people, community and nature. The program has three-fold structure: In innermost it deals with the task of the late adolescent, i.e., self identity, secondly the experience of communication and solidarity in the group, and finally extension of interest to the community. For the therapeutic intervention, questions using the metaphor of the activity were given to the clients for the establishment of self-identity, while group activity and the donation of the works let the second and third purpose accomplished. Outdoor activity, 'Tire garden project', has provided the clients with chances of the contact with nature, cooperation with other group members, and a contest to provoke enthusiasm. Also recycling and greening of the community were possible by utilizing old tires for the containers and by donating the final works to the community. For the evaluation of the result, the effect of the program on the stress of the college students was tested, and the most meaningful experiences during the participation to the program were asked to identify the therapeutic factors acknowledged by clients. "Green harmony" program has brought positive effects on the stress of the clients in spite of relatively short period of five weeks. The clients has acknowledged plant/nature contact and interactions between group members for the most meaningful experiences. This research suggests "Green harmony" horticultural therapy program based on the therapeutic factors is highly applicable for the general populations.

식물의 역할에 관한 학제 간 연구를 위해 1998년 창립된 한국 식물. 인간. 환경학회는 그간 비약적인 발전으로 한국학술진흥재단 등제지가 되었으며 많은 회원을 확보하여 튼튼한 기반을 다지게 되었다. 그러나 근래 발간된 학회지의 내용을 보면 당초 학회 설립 취지와는 다른 논문에 게재되고 있어 옥에 티가 되고 있다. 본 발표의 주목적은 당초의 취지를 다시 한번 환기 시키고 학회의 정체성에 도움이 되었으면 하는 바람을 담고 있다. 식물의 여러 역할 가운데 물리적 환경개선[미기후 조절, 공기정화, 소음 차음, 토양유실 방지, 수질 정화 등], 4계절 아름다운 경관 제공[다양한 색채, 형태, 선, 질감으로 시각적인 면 외에 오감에], 심리. 육체적 건강 도모[원예치료, 병원조경, 도시공원녹지, 건강식품 등], 생물다양성 환경의 주요 역할[먹이와 집터 제공], 도덕교육의 주요 소재[4군자 등], 기타 주택의 목재, 연료로서의 역할에 따라 경제적 가치가 매우 크다는 사실은 학회 초기에 밝힌 바 있다. 우리가 간과하고 있는 중요한 역할 중 하나는 신앙 대상으로서의 가치를 들 수 있다. 원시시대 인류는 거대하게 자라는 수목은 땅과 하늘을 연계시키는 우주목(cosmic tree)으로서 숭상하였고, Animism이나 Totemism을 신봉하며 巨樹에는 神이 깃들여 있다고 믿으며 숭상하였으나 서구사회에서는 유일신을 믿는 Judeo-Christian이 정신적 지주가 되면서 유일신 외의 우상숭배가 금지됨으로써 이런 풍습이 사라지게 되었고, 산업혁명 이후 더욱 과학적인 사고가 사회주류를 끌어가면서 神木이나 聖林(sacred grove)으로서의 역할은 묻혀 버렸다. 이 점에 관해서 White교수는 1967년 Science지에 기고한 ‘Historical Roots of Ecological Crisis’를 통해 생태계 위기의 원인이라고 주장하여 오늘날까지 신학자들과의 열린 토론의 장을 제공하고 있다. 그러나 동양에서는 多神을 믿는 풍습에 따라 거목숭배의 원시신앙형태가 오늘날 까지도 성행되고 있으며 근래 지방자치제가 도입되면서 지역문화발전을 위하여 거목신앙[堂祭, 堂山祭 등] 행사에 재정적 지원을 해주고 있는 실정이다. 이와 같은 풀뿌리 문화는 한 때 박해 받고 핍박받았으나 그 생명력이 강인하여 여전히 존속되고 있음을 살펴 볼 수 있다. 21세기에 인류가 풀어야 할 주요 과제 가운데 하나는 생물다양성과 문화다양성의 환경 회복이라고 볼 수 있는데 식물이 이 문제를 푸는데 결정적 역할을 하고 있음을 찾아 볼 수 있다. 식물. 인간. 환경 학회는 식물의 역할이 인류와 모든 생물에 미치는 영향이 지대함에도 기계문명에 밀려나 등한시 되고 있는 현실에서 그 가치를 재조명해 봄으로써 인류의 삶의 질을 향상시키고 다양한 야생물과 공생하는 환경을 되찾기 위한 연구와 실천을 강구하기 위하여 설립된 학제 간 연구단체이다. 따라서 원예치료는 연구대상 중 하나이지 주 대상이어서는 안 될 것이고, 폭 넓은 학제 간 연구를 활발히 시행함으로써 사회에 큰 기여를 할 수 있을 것이며, 정체성 있는 학회가 될 수 있을 것이다. 학회 창립 10년을 맞이하여 학회를 창립한 한 사람으로서 본 학회가 본연의 자세로 돌아가 거듭나기를 소망한다.