Large amounts of concrete, metal, soil, and other radioactive waste are generated not only from nuclear power plants operating in Korea but also from nuclear power plant decommissioning. If it is confirmed through measurement of residual radioactivity that the concentration is below the allowable clearance level, they can be managed as general or industrial waste in accordance with the Nuclear Safety Act. The Korea Radioactive Waste Agency predicts that very low-level radioactive waste will be generated the most, at about 67.1%. If waste below clearance level among very low-level radioactive waste can be evaluated and reduced, a lot of costs can be saved. Among radioactive wastes, metal wastes in particular have various sizes, shapes, and densities. If radioactivity is measured without properly considering this, a large error occurs in the measured value even if the radioactivity value is the same. This requires a conservative measurement method using density correction taking into account the self-absorption effect. For conservative measurements, it is essential to compare measured values with calculated values using MCNP6 (Monte Carlo N-Particle). You must enter the geometry of the measurement environment and derive calculated values using F8 Tally. Clearance level of radioactive waste is determined through the above method. In addition, sufficient MDA (Minimum Detectable Activity) must be secured to determine clearance level by using NaI(Tl), plastic scintillator configuration, and lead shielding. Nuclide analysis is performed using a NaI(Tl) scintillator and the total gamma radioactivity is evaluated using a highly efficient plastic scintillator.

Radiation workers who handle radioisotopes, radioactive waste, nuclear material etc. may be contaminated with radioactive material due to inhalation, resulting in internal radiation exposure. For preventing radiation damage and monitoring the exposure of workers, KAERI operates a Body Radiation Measurement Laboratory. According to Article 5 of the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission (NSSC) Notice No. 2017-77, “Regulation on Measurement and Calculation of Internal Radiation Dose,” The nuclear energy-related business operator with workers etc. shall establish and operate procedures and methods including the following Subparagraphs to secure the reliability of measurement of the internal radiation dose : operation and calibration of measuring instrument, inspection procedures, uncertainty of measurement, lower limit of detection and geometric configuration used for measurement. In accordance with the provision, Whole Body Counter utilized in the Body radiation Measurement Laboratory has periodic calibration / QA procedures to ensure reliability. This paper performed reliability validation of the measurement system of the Body Radiation Measurement Laboratory in the KAERI based on the performance criteria for radio-bioassay criteria presented in ISO 28218 and ANSI HPS N13.30-2011(R2017). The first criteria is MTL (Minimum Testing Level). ISO 28218 provides MTLs for each measurement category, type and nuclide. For reliable results, it is recommended to use calibration sources with higher radioactivity than the values given. The MTL for fission products in total body counting is 3 kBq and for the last 3 years the laboratory has been using sources of 6-7 kBq (Co-60, Cs-137 etc.). The second criteria is RMSE (Root Mean Square Error). It is a measure of total error defined as the square root of the sum of the square of the relative precision (SB) and the square of the relative bias (Br). The RMSE shall be lower than or equal to 0.25. The largest RMSE in the last 3 years is 0.12, and average value is 0.065, which meets the criteria. In this study, we verified the reliability of the radioactivity measurement system (WBC) based on the radio-bioassay standards presented in ISO 28218 and ANSI HPS N13.30-2011(R2017). The values were obtained using 3 years of calibration count data, and it was found that both MTL, RMSE for each nuclide met the standards with a large margin of error and were in good operating condition. This study can be applied to the maintenance, performance check, and reliability verification of similar in vivo radio-bioassay methods.

The need for research on a sensor system that can monitor the dynamic load of a commercial vehicle in real-time is emerging because the development of autonomous vehicles is actively progressing worldwide. In this study, dynamic load measuing system of commercial vehicles was developed using the MEMs inclinometer attached to the leaf spring suspension. Test vehicle’s driving test was accomplished by changing speed and payload weight in several stages. Using the dynamic load measurement system, it was possible to check the weight shift and the change of stopping distance. When a driving speed increases from 30km/h to 80 km/h, the stopping distance increases from about 25m to 80m.

In this experiment, the error according to the measurement method was analyzed for the length, angle, radius of curvature, and diameter of the measurement system analysis using a profile projector device used in the field. One-way analysis was performed on each data tested 30 times using a statistical technique. Through the experiment, it was found that an error occurred in each data when measuring the angle according to the measurement method, and the null hypothesis that no error occurred when measuring the length, inside dia and radius was established.

This study develops a new device system for measuring a slope of object with non-adhesive, non-contact and non-face-to-face, namely Inclinometer Slope Laser Measuring (ISLM), that is applicable in the field. This system includes cradle, laser, camera, and computer and the filming and is performed after laser projection at programmed intervals. After measuring the amount of displacement converted to numerical values, these values can then be transferred to the office using the selected data transmission method. The obtained results from the test carried out to verify the reliability of the ISLM system indicated that the ISLM system can measure with accurately level of 0.1mm/Pixel at 1m distance and when increasing the camera resolution, the precision might increase proportionally. Therefore, the proposed measure system may widely apply on-site for various constructions, especially, in the case of object with very high surface temperature where exhibits difficulty to directly measure the adjacent structures. However, due to the sensitive reaction to the illuminance, this method can be applied with caution at times of large changes in illuminance, such as at dawn and at dusk.

본 연구는 기존에 사용하여 왔고, 최근에 온습도의 정확도를 검증하였던 강제 흡출식 복사선 차폐장치(Aspirated Radiation Shield; ARS)를 이용하여 모 기업(A 회사)에서 개발한 시스템의 성능을 개선하고, ARS 장치의 풍속이 온습도에 미치는 영향에 대해서도 시험적으로 검토하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. A 회사 제품의 시스템을 개선하기 전, A 회사 시스템의 온도는 ARS 장치로 측정한 온도보다 최대 10.2℃정도 높았고, 상대습도는 20.0%정도 낮게 나타났다. 시스템을 개선한 후, 노드 1, 2의 온도 및 상대습도는 거의 일치하는 것으로 나타났다. 개선 후의 노드 2와 ARS 장치로 측정한 온도간의 최고, 평균 및 최저온도를 포함한 온도편차는 각각 0.2～0.7℃정도로써 ARS 장치가 약간 낮거나 높게 나타나는 경향이 있었다. 상대습도의 경우, 일몰 직후 ARS 장치의 상대습도가 약 10.0%정도 높게 나타나는 경향이 있었지만, 그 이외에는 평균적으로 1.9%정도 ARS 장치가 약간 낮게 나타나는 경향이 있었다. 그리고 노드 1을 최소-중간 사이, 중간-최대 사이 및 최대로 설정한 경우, 노드 1, 2의 최고, 평균 및 최저온도를 포함한 편차는 각각 0.1～0.4℃, 0.0～0.2℃ 및 0.0～0.5℃정도였다. 그리고 노드 1의 3개 측점과 ARS 장치의 최고, 평균 및 최저온도를 포함한 편차는 각각 0.2～0.5℃, 0.1～2.2℃ 및 0.1～1.1℃정도의 범위로써 풍속의 크기에 따른 온도편차는 아주 미미한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 선행연구 및 본 연구의 결과를 종합하여 보면, 온도오차를 개선하기 위한 적정 풍속은 1.0～2.0m·s-1 정도의 범위일 것으로 판단되었다.

Background: It is difficult to assess whether community-dwelling frail older adults may remain pre-frail status or improve into a robust state without being directly checked by health care professionals. The health information perceived by older adults is considered to be one of best sources of potential concerns in older adult population. An online measurement system combined with item response theory (IRT) and computer adaptive testing (CAT) methods is likely to become a realistic approach to remotely monitor physical activity status of frail older adults. Objects: This article suggests an approach to provide a precise and efficient means of measuring physical activity levels of community-dwelling frail older adults. Methods: Article reviews were reviewed and summarized. Results: In comparison to the classical test theory (CTT), the IRT method is empirically aimed to focus on the psychometric properties of individual test items in lieu of the test as a whole. These properties allow creating a large item pool that can capture the broad range of physical activity levels. The CAT method administers test items by an algorithm that select items matched to the physical activity levels of the older adults. Conclusion: An online measurement system combined with these two methods would allow adequate physical activity measurement that may be useful to remotely monitor the activity level of community-dwelling frail older adults.

본 연구는 기존에 사용하여 왔고, 최근에 온습도의 정확도를 검증하였던 강제 흡출식 복사선 차폐장치 (Aspirated Radiation Shield; ARS)와 모 기업(A 회사)에서 개발한 시스템으로 측정한 온습도를 비교하여 성능을 검토한 후, 시스템의 성능을 개선할 목적으로 수행되었다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 딸기의 무성도가 두 계측시스템에 영향을 미친 경우를 제외하면, 전체적으로 볼 때 플레이트 2개의 시스템이 1개보다 복사선 차폐효과가 미미하지만 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 A회사의 시스템과 ARS장치로 측정한 최고온도의 전체적인 범위는 각각 20.5~53.3oC 및 17.8~44.1oC정도로써 A사 제품이 2.7~9.2oC정도 높게 나타났고, 일별 최대 편차는 12.2oC 정도였다. 평균온도의 경우, 두 기관의 전체적인 범위는 각각 12.4~38.6oC 및 11.8~32.7oC정도로써 A사 시스템이 0.6~5.9oC정도 높게 나타났고, 일별 최대 편차는 6.7oC정도 였다. 최저온도의 경우도 각각 4.2~28.6oC 및 2.9~26.4oC정도로써 A사 제품이 1.3~2.2oC정도 높게 나타났고, 일별 최대 편차는 2.9oC정도로써 두 기관의 장치로 측정한 온도에 편차가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 상대습도의 경우, A회사와 ARS장치로 측정한 평균상대습도의 전체적인 범위는 각각 52.9~93.3% 및 55.3~96.5%정도로써 A회사의 시스템이 ARS장치보다 2.4~3.2%정도 낮게 나타나는 경향을 보였다. 그러나 일별로 비교하여 보면, 최대 18.0%정도 A회사의 시스템이 낮게 나타나는 날도 있었다. 결국 상대습도 도 온도와 마찬가지로 미미하긴 하지만 두 기관의 장치로 측정한 온도에 편차가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

Asphalt pavement overlay method is one of widely chosen construction methods for remodelling existing aged concrete pavement layer. However, in this case reflective cracking is a challenging issue due to movement of transverse joints: built in existing concrete pavement layer with constant interval length. In this paper, collecting field data: collection of displacement and temperature data on existing concrete pavement layer for further complicated pavement performance analysis, was performed. To fulfil this objective, various types of thermometer were embedded into concrete layer with different depth level. Then, movement of existing concrete layer was measured numerically. Each Displacement Measuring Gauge (DMG) along with thermometer was embedded with depth of 3cm and 15cm, respectively. Additional thermometers were embedded at the middle depth of overlaid asphalt pavement layer for further extensive analysis and data collection. Total four testing sites were considered based on different asphalt mixture type and construction method. The 1st site was constructed with conventional construction approach, the 2nd site was constructed with a new pavement equipment contains simultaneous tack-coating function, the 3rd site was similar to 1st site but Guss-asphalt was constructed as a binder course, and in 4th site Noise-Reduction Porous Asphalt (NRPA) was constructed as a surface course and regular Dense Grade Asphalt (DGA) was constructed as a binder course. A field asphalt pavement layer sample coring works: along with basic material property tests, were also performed to acquire not only overlaid asphalt but also existing concrete pavement materials. This gauge measuring work in this study is an initial step therefore, long-term movement data of each pavement layer was not able to be collected, unfortunately. However through collecting and analysing initial data on each test site, two crucial findings were acquired. First, in all four tested site highest temperature variations were observed at the upper asphalt pavement layer and the variation trends decreased with increase of pavement depth (in case of concrete pavement layer, temperature and movement variations also decreased with increase of pavement depth). Secondly, when Guss-asphalt was applied as a binder course temperature variations of existing concrete pavement layer was crucially smaller than those of other comparison cases. These current findings and collected data set can provide successful input information for further pavement structure analysis such as 2D (and/or 3D) Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis as a future study.

To manage, sort, and grade fishery resources, it is necessary to measure their morphometric characteristics. This labor-intensive task involves performing repetitive operations on land and on a research vessel. To reduce the amount of labor required, a vision-based automatic measurement system (VAMS) for the measurement of morphometric characteristics of flatfish, such as total length (TL), body width (BW), and body height (BH), has been developed as part of a database management system for fishery resources management. This system can also measure the mass (M) of flatfish. In the present study, we describe a morphological image processing algorithm for the measurement of certain characteristics of flatfish. This algorithm, which involves preprocessing, edge pattern matching, and edge point detection, is effective in cases where the flatfish being measured has a deformed tail and is randomly oriented. The satisfactory performance of the proposed algorithm is also demonstrated by means of experiments involving the measurement of the BW, TL and BH of a flatfish when it is straightened (BW : 117mm, TL : 329mm, BH : 24.5mm), when its tail is deformed, and when it is randomly oriented.

Promotion system can be used as strategical management weapon to enhance the sales power. Planned order system has some similarities with promotion system to create purchasing power and to supply the service parts with low price on purpose. The only diffe

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been a focus of cancer prevention studies due to the fact that it occurs by a multistep process and that a precancerous lesion in the oral mucosa is easily accessible. The present study was aimed at developing an optical detection system using autofluorescence spectrum measurements for the early detection of oral cancer. The optical detection system was designed to use an excitation wavelength of 337 nm emanating from a Xenon lamp. Precancerous and cancerous lesions were created in the hamster buccal pouch by treatment with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). Four groups of five hamsters each were used in this experiment. The right buccal pouch was treated with 0.5% DMBA to induce carcinogenesis while the left buccal pouch was treated with mineral oil as a control. The autofluorescence of both buccal pouches was measured weekly. A difference in the excitation pattern between the normal and the carcinogen-treated tissue was noticed after three weeks. Specifically, the intensity of the autofluorescence spectrum in the DMBA-treated buccal pouch was increased at wavelengths between 400 and 450 nm. The results of the autofluorescence measurements were compared to histological findings and show that the intensity of the autofluorescence increased along with the stage of epithelial dysplasia. Based on the fact that one of the autofluorophores in this tissue is NADH, we measured the fluorescence at the 450-nm NADH wavelength to conclude that the increased autofluorescence in the dysplastic areas may be caused by NADH. Based on these data, we suggest that autofluorescence optical methods are a useful tool for the early detection of oral cancer.

본 연구는 막구조물의 장력 측정을 위한 휴대용 막장력측정기기의 개발을 목적으로 한다. 2축시험기에 장착된 막의 장력을 간이 측정기에 의해 측정하여 구한 실험 데이터를 근거로 효율적인 2축방향 막 장력측정기기를 개발하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구결과 개발된 휴대용 간이 장력측정기기는 정량적이고 정성적인 측면에서 데이터의 정밀도가 매우 높아 향후 상용제픔으로도 개발이 가능함을 알 수 있었다.

선진국의 기본 요건들 중 하나는 잘 정비된 교통인프라라 할 수 있을 것이다. 이러한 교통안전시설에 대해 해외에서는 각종 교통안전시설에 대해 객관적인 상태평가를 기초로 하여 시설을 관리하는 자산관리(Asset Management)측면에서 시설을 관리하고 있는 추세이다. 이 중 도로관련 각종 안전시설은 매우 다양하며, 기능 또한 매우 중요하기 때문에 이들에 대한 설치 규정 및 지침을 제정하고 있다. 그러나 설치기준 및 지침이 있음에도 불구하고, 각 시설이 기준에 부합되게 설치되지 않아 오히려 도로이용자에게 불편함 뿐 아니라, 안전에도 악영향을 끼치고 있다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 도로안전시설 중 도로의 설계(운영)속도 및 기하구조에 따라 설치 간격 및 높이들이 규정화 되어있는 시설에 대해 라인스캔카메라를 이용, 이를 신속하게 측정 가능한 영상분석 모델을 개발하였다. 또한 이를 체계적으로 분석할 수 있는 프로그램을 개발하여 현장에 적용하였으며, 그 결과 매우 정확하게 시설의 크기와 설치간격을 신속하게 측정할 수 있었다.

Many researchers have proved that risk measurement of information systems is a very effective tool for improving confidence of information systems. However, information system risk in Korea still includes many subjective judgements. This study deals with applying a quantitative model to improve risk measurement of information system quality. First of all, we have come up with solutions to improve the evaluation efficiency on risk measurement. We have merged the risk guidelines of COBIT and CMM, and developed a quantified evaluation scheme that call by risk point. We have proved the validity of this model by interviews with experts and by case studies.

This research is focused on the development of the performance measuring system for the supply chain. Although there are previous researches about this, they has the limit to measuring the performance. This is oriented that each measuring system deal with a certain level like strategic level, tactical level, or operational level of the supply chain. However, it is necessary to measure the performance in multiple levels collectively. A new performance measuring system using key performance indicators with integrating SCOR-Model(Supply Chain Operations Reference Model) with Balanced Scorecard(BSC) is proposed in this research. Since SCOR-Model and BSC are mainly dealt with strategic level and operational level, the proposed system can overcome the limit of previous researches. Then, this methodology is used to develop the real time performance measuring system.