The present study presents an experiment in which online acronyms, formed from common fixed phrases or formulaic expressions, and in common usage in English medium computer-based communication, were presented to Korean university-level learners placed into either a control group or treatment group which was given instruction into the expansions and meanings of the acronyms. Their knowledge of the target vocabulary was measured using the Vocabulary Knowledge Scale (VKS) test in a pre-, post-, delayed post-test format. The pre-test results showed relatively little awareness or familiarity with the target online acronyms for either group. Repeated measures ANOVA analysis did not show differences between pre-test and immediate post-test scores for the control group, although the delayed post-test did show a significant improvement. The treatment group showed significant and robust gains in both immediate and delayed post-tests. Comparison between the groups wa s done by one-way ANOVA. This showed significant differences in gains between control and treatment groups, with a large effect, suggesting that brief explicit instruction sessions could result in large gains. Implications of the study findings for educators and learners are discussed.

This study examines public perceptions and language ideologies regarding English use in Korea‘s linguistic landscape by analyzing 2,191 online news comments concerning the English-only menu controversy in 2023. The analysis reveals that negative comments (89%) significantly outnumbered accepting ones (11%). Critical responses view English use as displaying pretentiousness and cultural subservience while posing a threat to Korean linguistic and cultural identity. Critics raise concerns regarding language use, such as incorrect English usage, inconsistent bilingual practices, and discrepancies between displayed and actual proficiency. They also point to issues of information accessibility and the broader trend of excessive English use in Korean society. By contrast, accepting perspectives justify English menu use based on business owners’ autonomy, strategic marketing, the basic comprehensibility of the English used, and the naturalness of English use in the global era. The findings highlight that monolingualism prevails, with English perceived as distinctly “foreign,” while also revealing contradictions in public attitudes, including overreliance on foreign validation of Korean, conflicting views on linguistic hierarchy, and ambivalent attitudes toward English proficiency. This study contributes to a better understanding of public perceptions of English in Korea‘s linguistic landscape and the ideological dynamics underlying language choice in public spaces.

본 연구는 한국과 캐나다의 ESG에 대한 온라인 트렌드를 분석하고, 양국 간의 차이점을 비교하는 데 목적이 있다. 코로나19 팬데믹 이후 사 회복지 분야에서도 ESG에 대한 관심이 확장되고 있으며, 이러한 이유로 텍스트 마이닝 기법을 활용하여 한국과 캐나다의 ESG에 대한 온라인 트 렌드를 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 TEXTOM을 사용하여 한국과 캐나다의 소셜 빅데이터를 수집하였으며, TF-IDF, N-gram, 1-mode Matrix, Ego Network, CONCOR 분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 양국 모두 지속 가능한 사회를 위한 ESG에 대한 관심이 높았으나, 주요 이슈 와 접근 방식에서 차이가 나타났다. 한국은 ESG경영의 관심과 실천 동 향에 집중하였고, 특히 사회(S)와 환경(E) 요소에 대한 관심이 두드러졌 다. 반면, 캐나다는 ESG 실천과 지속가능성, 환경 이니셔티브, 거버넌스 이니셔티브, 사회 이니셔티브 등으로 구분되는 구체적인 실천 이슈가 부 각되었다. 이 연구는 한국의 사회복지계가 지속 가능한 미래를 위한 ESG 실천을 이끌고 지원할 수 있는 방향성을 제시한다. 특히, 한국의 ESG 접근 방식은 보다 구체적이고 체계적인 실천 계획을 갖출 필요성을 강조하며, 캐나다의 사례를 통해 벤치마킹할 수 있는 유의미한 시사점을 제공한다. 향후 연구에서는 보다 정교한 데이터 분석 기법의 적용과 세 분된 자료 분석을 통한 심층적 연구가 필요함을 제언한다.

This study is a descriptive research conducted to identify the levels of self-directed learning ability, class participation, and learning satisfaction in the online learning environment of university students, and to examine the relationships among them and their effects on learning satisfaction. The subjects of this study were 172 students enrolled in a four-year university located in J province. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS 23.0 program, with frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's post-hoc test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. The results of the study showed that the mean score for self-directed learning was 3.73±0.47, for class participation was 3.00±0.54, and for learning satisfaction was 3.44±0.74. The factors influencing learning satisfaction were class participation and major satisfaction. This study suggests that class participation and major satisfaction affect learning satisfaction in an online learning environment. . Therefore, as a method to enhance learning satisfaction in online learning environments, it is necessary to adopt various teaching methods that increase class participation and design learner-centered courses that consider major satisfaction

The current study examines the digital behaviors of 124 university students enrolled in a blended learning class in Korea. The students were divided into two groups (upper and lower) based on their scores on a self-regulated learning questionnaire. Their digital behaviors were compared across four areas: (a) task completion scores; (b) strategy use; (c) the days on which tasks were completed; and (d) learning gains. The results revealed a significant difference in task completion scores between the upper and lower groups. However, no meaningful difference was observed in strategy use between the two groups. Students in the upper group were more proactive in completing videos, homework, and TOEIC tests, often finishing these tasks ahead of deadlines. In contrast, students in the lower group tended to complete their assignments on the due date. Finally, there were no significant differences in learning gains between the two groups. These findings may inform the design and management of online L2 learning programs.

Online infringement of Artificial intelligence (AI) generated content essentially constitutes IP infringement and should adhere to Article 50 of Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Law Applicable to Foreign-Related Civil Relationships. However, applying Article 50 to online infringement involving AI-generated objects presents a dual interpretation dilemma. The first dilemma pertains to the interpretation of the requested place of protection. The second issue concerns the redundancy of party autonomy in the article. Therefore, Article 50 should be reinterpreted with as emphasis on maintaining the territoriality of IP rights to make it applicable to online infringement of AI-generated objects. The place where protection is sought should be understood as the forum. If there are relevant factors, the affected cyberspace can be ‘collapsed’ into the court’s location. By employing the territoriality of IP, party autonomy should be limited to regulating the issue of damages.

This study aims to establish an online shopping mall marketing strategy based on big data analysis methods. The customer cluster analysis method was utilized to analyze customer purchase patterns and segment them into customer groups with similar characteristics. Data was collected from orders placed over one year in 2023 at ‘Jeonbuk Saengsaeng Market’, the official online shopping mall for agricultural, fish, and livestock products of Jeonbuk Special Self-Governing Province. K-means clustering was conducted by creating variables such as ‘TotalPrice’ and ‘ElapsedDays’ for analysis. The study identified four customer groups, and their main characteristics. Furthermore, regions corresponding to customer groups were analyzed using pivot tables. This facilitated the proposal of a marketing strategy tailored to each group’s characteristics and the establishment of an efficient online shopping mall marketing strategy. This study is significant as it departs from the traditional reliance on the intuition of the person in charge to operate a shopping mall, instead establishing a shopping mall marketing strategy through objective and scientific big data analysis. The implementation of the marketing strategy outlined in this study is expected to enhance customer satisfaction and boost sales.

실시간 온라인 게임 서버에서의 게임 상태 동기화는 중요한 문제이며, 기존 동기화 방식은 상황 에 따라 성능이 변동하는 한계가 있다. 본 연구에서는 이를 해결하기 위해 하이브리드 동기화 방 식을 제안한다. 클라이언트 간 거리가 가까울 때는 Lockstep 방식을, 멀 때는 서버 동기화 방식 을 사용하여 일관성과 가용성을 모두 만족시킨다. 술래잡기 게임에서 하이브리드 방식을 적용한 결과, 기존 방식보다 최대 74.6% 향상된 위치 일관성과 23.6% 감소된 응답시간을 달성했다.

이 연구의 목적은 일본 대학 한국어 교수자의 코로나 전·중·후 수업 경험을 비교함으로써 코로나 팬데 믹이 한국어 수업에 어떤 영향을 주었으며 한국어 교수자들이 어떤 능력을 갖추게 되었는지를 확인하는 것이다. 이를 위해 이 연구에서는 2023년 5월부터 7월까지 일본 대학의 한국어 교·강사 16명을 대상으로 ‘반구조화된 인터뷰’를 실시했다. 비대면 수업 시기에 다수의 일본 대학은 화상회의 프로그램을 활용하여 실시간 강의를 제공하거나 강의 동영상을 올려서 수업을 한 것으로 확인되었다. 일본의 한국어 교수자들은 일차적으로 학교의 정책과 방침에 따라 비대면 수업을 운영하되, 학교의 시스템과 학습자의 학습 환경 등을 고려하여 수업 방식을 결정했다. 구체적으로는 실물 화이트보드를 카메라로 찍어 보여주거나, 파워포 인트(PPT) 자료를 화면 공유로 제시하거나, 태블릿과 전자펜을 사용하는 등 다양한 시도를 한 것을 볼 수 있었다. 또한 학생 학습 지원을 위해서 과제를 더 많이 활용하고, 퀴즐렛 등을 수업에 도입하기도 했으며, 영상 자료를 수업 전이나 후에 제공하는 노력을 했다. 이런 노력은 재일 한국어 교수자의 매체 활용 역량을 향상 시킨 것으로 보인다. 이는 교육 발전에 중요한 동량이 될 것이므로 앞으로 이를 유지·발 전·조정하기 위한 방안을 모색할 필요가 있겠다.

2023년 2월에서 2023년 11월까지 온라인으로 구매한 신 선편의식품 110건과 즉석섭취식품 115건을 대상으로 위생지 표균(일반세균, 대장균군 및 대장균)과 식중독균(Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Listeria monocytogenes, 병원성대장균)의 오염도를 조사하 였으며, 분리된 균주를 대상으로 병원성 유전자를 확인하 였다. 배송 형태는 보냉제를 사용해 배송 시간은 평균 24시간 이 소요되어 일반 택배로 배송되었고 제품 표면온도 평균 은 11.3oC이었다. 일반세균 정량분석 결과, 신선편의식품 의 평균 일반세균수는 4.5 log CFU/g, 즉석섭취식품의 평 균 일반세균수는 10.6 log CFU/g로 나타났다. 대장균군 정 량분석 결과, 신선편의식품, 즉석섭취식품 각각 평균 1.2 log CFU/g이었고, 대장균은 검출되지 않았다. S. aureus, Salmonella spp., C. perfringens, 병원성대장균은 모든 제 품에서 검출되지 않았다. B. cereus의 경우 신선편의식품 및 즉석섭취식품에서 각각 3건(2.7%), 1건(0.9%) 검출되었 고, 오염 수준은 신선편의식품에서 평균 0.05 log CFU/g, 즉석섭취식품에서 0.01 log CFU/g으로 나타났다. B. cereus 검출된 4건의 검체에서 B. cereus가 생성하는 독소 유전자 6종(hblC, bceT, entFM, nheA, CytK, CER)에 대한 유전자 확인시험 결과 4주가 분리되었고, 구토독소를 제외한 1개 이상의 장독소 유전자가 확인되었다. L. monocytogenes의 경우 즉석섭취식품에서는 검출되지 않았고, 신선편의식품 1건(0.9%)이 검출되었다. 분리한 L. monocytogenes에서 iap 등 6종의 병원성유전자가 검출되었고, 1/2a 혈청형이 확인 되어 식중독 발생 위험이 있음을 확인하였다.

This research aims to analyse consumers’ (Millennials and Gen Z) luxury consumption behaviour by focusing on the intrinsic and extrinsic motivations that drive consumption of luxury goods. Then, the study investigates whether they prefer to purchase offline or online for luxury goods. Lastly, it analyses which media most influences individuals when it comes to luxury consumption. An online survey is developed and distributed to Millennials and Gen Z. A first round of data collection took place in 2022 and a second round of data collection will take place at the beginning of 2024. Initial findings show that consumers are driven by intrinsic rather than extrinsic motivations when purchasing and who influences more when buying luxury online. Furthermore, it emerges that consumers prefer to shop offline, highlighting the importance of physical stores.

The study investigated the influence of website features on the purchase intention of online fashion among Generation Z consumers in South Africa. This topic has received increasing attention against the backdrop of the rapidly growing ‘Digital Generation’, or ‘Millennial consumers’, who are one of the most tech-savvy generations. Despite the benefits that online shopping offers to both the business and the consumer, the act of buying clothes online has presented some challenges to customers. This study therefore aims to gather further insight in an attempt to provide fashion businesses with guidance to better succeed in encouraging customers to shop online. This study selected two visual elements (website aesthetics and product presentation) and two functional website features (website navigation, and security and privacy) and social norms, the test the effect they have on perceived ease of use, attitude and intention to purchase clothing online. The proposed conceptual model tested seven hypotheses of which four were supported. By means of an empirical study, 166 online surveys were collected from individuals within the Generation Z cohort and the analysis was done using SPSS27 by running multiple regression analysis to test the relationships between the variables. The results from this study provide global and local fashion brands with valuable insight into the consumption habits of young consumers in an emerging economy, and factors that drive online fashion consumption.