In contemporary society, traffic concerns and road safety are of paramount importance. Overloading and improper loading significantly jeopardize road safety. Leveraging AI Hub's CCTV traffic videos, overloading hazard data, and Yeosu Sunsin Bridge HS-WIM data from Jeollanam-do, we've crafted detection models. These models facilitate the development of a vehicle detection system calibrated for specific scenarios, making the detection of overloading and loading discrepancies more accessible. Such a system promises to streamline detection operations while substituting manual efforts with AI, thereby economizing on both time and resources.

PURPOSES : In this study, we aim to broaden the understanding of the factors influencing the accuracy of WIM systems for overload enforcement. Particularly, we explored the proportions and causes of secondary influencing factors (driving path, vehicle class, and acceleration), which have been relatively less studied and reduced the accuracy of the WIM system. METHODS : Overload enforcement data were recorded by the WIM system, and enforcement officers were gathered. The ratios of each data point, which are the relative errors, are used to estimate the accuracy of the WIM system. These relative errors were classified into four driving-path groups, four vehicle-class groups, and three acceleration groups. The change in the accuracy of the WIM system caused by each influencing factor was analyzed by comparing the difference in the average relative error between the classified groups. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Welch's ANOVA were used to determine significant differences between groups. RESULTS : Vehicles departing from a normal driving path make it difficult for the GVW compensation algorithm of the WIM system to operate properly. For these abnormal paths, the standard deviation of the average GVW relative error was 22%. There was no specific trend in the difference in accuracy by vehicle class. However, we found that the rear axle and retractable axle were the main causes of the reduced GVW accuracy in each vehicle class. The average GVW relative error remained the same regardless of the acceleration, but the average FAW relative error of the accelerated vehicle was approximately 2.5% lower than that of the unaccelerated vehicle. CONCLUSIONS : An abnormal driving path, lifting of a retractable axle, and rapid acceleration (or deceleration) reduce the accuracy of WIM systems. Intelligent transportation systems, such as traffic signals, telematics devices, and applications that induce desirable driving are required for effective overload enforcement. Additionally, it is necessary to smoothen the road pavement to minimize the dynamic effects on the rear axle.

Previous works on safety behavior have paid less attention to the influence of several leadership styles on safety behavior. Among the various leadership styles, I focus on the effect of coaching leadership on safety behavior. To be specific, this paper investigates the impact of coaching leadership on safety behavior and its underlying mechanisms (mediator) as well as contextual factor (moderator). This research examines the sequential mediating effect of perceived organizational support and organizational identification in the association between coaching leadership and safety behavior. Also, work overload will negatively moderate the coaching leadership-perceived organizational support link. My results showed coaching leadership increases employee safety behavior through the sequential mediation of perceived organizational support and organizational identification. In addition, work overload functions as a negative moderator which diminishes the positive effect of coaching leadership on perceived organizational support.

Since the competitive environment, work overload among employees has been increasing. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of work overload on safety behavior and its intermediating mechanisms. In specific, this paper delves into the mediating effect of job stress, as well as the moderating effect of job crafting in the association between work overload and job stress. To empirically test the hypotheses, this study utilized survey data from 168 Korean employees by conducting structural equation modeling(SEM) analysis. The results demonstrated that work overload has a positive (+) influence on job stress, which has a negative (-) influence on safety behavior. Moreover, job stress mediated the association between work overload and safety behavior. Furthermore, job crafting moderated the work overload-safety behavior link.

본 연구는 군에서의 신체적, 정서적 피로도가 과업성과에 미치는 영향에 있어서 업무과부화 인식의 매개효과와 자기규제의 조절효과에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 대부분의 연구에서는 업무과부화의 상위요인인 직무요구와 과업성과와의 관계를 알아보거나 피로도와 과업성과와의 관계를 검증한 연구가 대부분이었으며, 군에서의 연구는 전무한 실정이다. 연구 결과, 신체적, 정서적 피로도는 업무과부화 인식의 정(+)적 영향을, 과업성과에는 부(-)적 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한, 업무과부화 인식 역시 과업성과에 부(-)적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 업무과부화 인식은 신체적, 정서적 피로도와 과업성과와의 관계에서 매개효과를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 자기규제는 모형의 관계에서 조절효과를 보이는 것으로 확인되었다. 이것은 자기규제가 높은 인원들이 부(-)적인 과업성과와 직무자원의 소모를 완충시켜주는 역할을 한다는 것을 실증적으로 확인한 결과가 되겠다. 본 연구는 신체적, 정서적 피로도가 업무과부화 인식과 과업성과에 미치는 영향과 두 변수간의 내재된 매커니즘을 실증적으로 확인했다는 측면에서 이론적, 실무적 의미를 지니고 있으며, 연구결과를 토대로 연구의 한계 및 향후 연구방법을 제시하였다.

본 연구는 직무요구가 유형에 따라 직무관련 정서적 안녕에 미치는 차별적 영향을 규명하기 위해 중국은행산업의 사무 관리직 직장인 299명을 대상으로 실증조사를 하였다. 직무요구를 크게 방해적 스트레서와 도전적 스트레서로 구분하고 각각 표면연기와 양적 역할과부하를 사용하였다. 표면연기와 양적 역할 과부하가 수면을 통해 직무관련 정서적 안녕에 영향을 미치는 매개효과를 통제하고 표면연기와 양적 역할과부하의 직접효과를 실증하였다. 수면은 수면시간과 수면질로 구분하였다. 실증분석 결과, 표면연기-수면시간-직무관련 정서적 안녕으로 연결되는 매개효과와 표면연기-수면질-직무관련 정서적 안녕으로 이어지는 매개효과는 모두 유의한 부(-)의 관계를 보였다. 표면연기는 직무관련 정서적 안녕에 유의한 부(-)의 직접효과를 보여주었다. 양적 역할과부하-수면시간-직무관련 정서적 안녕으로 연결되는 매개효과는 유의하지 않았고, 양적 역할과부하-수면질-직무관련 정서적 안녕으로 이어지는 매개효과만 유의한 부(-)의 관계를 보였다. 양적 역할과부하는 직무관련 정서적 안녕에 정(+)의 직접효과를 보였으나, 이 관계는 유의하지 않았다.

최근 일-가정 이슈에 대한 관심이 증대되면서 일-가정갈등을 중심으로 학자들의 연구노력이 지속되어 왔다. 일-가정갈등의 관점에서는 일-가정 이슈를 해결하기 위하여 업무요구를 줄이든가 혹은 업무여건을 개선해야 한다고 보고 있다. 궁극적으로는 일-가정 문제를 해결하기 위하여 기업들이 물리적인 환경을 개선해 주어야 하겠지만, 단기적인 측면에서 이러한 업무여건 개선이 어려우므로, 조직구성원들의 심리적 상태와 변화에 초점을 맞추는 방안을 모색해야 한다. 이러한 관점에서 본 연구에서는 JD-R모형을 바탕으로 동일한 업무여건 하에서 조직구성원이 인지하는 심리적 요인이 일-가정균형만족에 어떠한 과정을 통해 영향을 미치는지 살펴보았다. 일반적으로 구성원들은 실질적으로 가정과 직장에서 요구되는 역할을 성실히 수행함으로써 일-가정균형만족을 얻을 수 있다. 하지만, 현실적인 직장여건 속에서 두 가지 역할을 모두 성실히 수행하는데 어려움이 따른다. 이에, 실질적으로 두 역할을 성공적으로 수행해 내지 못하더 라도 다른 어떠한 요인에 의해서 심리적인 만족감을 높일 수 있는 경우에 대해 생각해 보아야 한다. 이러한 측면에서 직무요구에 해당하는 역할과부하가 일-가정균형만족에 영향을 미치는 과정에 대해 가정 친화적 조직지원인식과 가정 친화적 상사지원인식이 어떠한 영향을 미칠 수 있는지에 대해 확인하였다. 이를 위해, 기혼 직장인 353명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 분석결과 역할과부하는 일-가정 균형만족을 감소시키는 요인임이 확인되었고, 이들 관계를 가정 친화적 조직지원인식과 가정 친화적 상사 지원인식이 조절하는 것으로 확인되었다. 하지만, 조절효과의 방향성에 있어서 JD-R모형을 통해 기대했던 바와 다소 차이가 있는 것으로 나타나 사회교환이론을 중심으로 이에 대한 추가적인 논의를 제시하였다. 이러한 연구결과를 통해 본 연구는 일-가정균형만족의 개념적 중요성을 강조하고 가정 친화적 업무환 경을 조성해야 할 필요성을 확인함으로써 기존 연구의 공백을 메우는 등의 학문적 의의를 가지며, 조직의 인적자원 관리의 측면에서 가이드라인을 제시하였다는 점에서 실무적 의의를 가진다. 마지막 부분에서는 연구의 한계점을 정리하고 향후 연구방향을 제시하였다.

Excessive iron can promote the production of free radicals, thereby leading to harmful effects on cancer and aging. Ascorbic acid is not only an antioxidant but also a co-factor of iron absorption. The effect of iron-overload with ascorbic acid on experimental colon carcinogenesis was investigated in male ICR mice. Animals were treated weekly with azoxymethane (AOM, 10 mg/kg b.w.) at 0, 1, and 2 week and then drunk 2% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-containing water for the next 1 week. There were four experimental groups: carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) alone (control), CMC + ascorbic acid (AA), CMC + Fe, CMC + Fe + AA. The animals fed on AIN-76A purified rodent diet for six weeks. AA or Fe2O3 at the dose of 450 mg/kg b.w. were daily and orally treated for 6 weeks. The colonic mucosa was stained with methylene blue and then aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and polyps were counted. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in serum and liver were determined. Iron concentration in liver was measured by inductively coupled plasma spectrophotometer. Fe-overload with AA strongly increased liver iron contents compared to control or Fe group (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in the number of ACF or polyps among all groups, although ironoverloaded groups had slightly higher numbers compared with the control or AA group. TBARS values in the liver were increased in the iron-overloaded groups compared to control and AA only group (p<0.05), but serum TBARS values were not changed. These results indicate that the excessive iron treatment did not affect the experimental colon carcinogenesis regardless of presence of AA in mice.

Iron-overload can cause harmful effects such as cancer and aging via promoting the production of free radicals. The effect of orally administered nano-Fe overload with ascorbic acid on colon carcinogenesis was investigated in male ICR mice. After a 1-week acclimation, 5-week-old mice received three intraperitoneal injections (experimental week 0-2) of azoxymethane (AOM, 10 mg/kg body weight) weekly, followed by 2% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in drinking water for the next 1 week to induce aberrant crypt foci (ACF). Animals were divided into four groups; carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) alone (control), CMC + ascorbic acid (AA), CMC + nano-Fe (NFe), and CMC + NFe + AA groups. Animals were fed an AIN-76A purified rodent diet and daily administrated oral doses of 450 ppm each of nano-Fe and AA combination for 6 weeks. The colonic mucosa was stained with 0.5% methylene blue, and then the ACF and polyps were counted. Lipid peroxidation in the serum and liver was evaluated using the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) assay. Iron concentration in the liver was measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES). Iron concentration in the liver of the NFe-overloaded groups was higher than that of the control (p<0.05). AA treatment increased the iron concentration in the liver. The number of ACF was not significantly different among all the groups. The number of polyps in all the NFe-treated groups was slightly higher than that in the control group and AA only-treated group. The serum TBARS was not significantly different among all the groups, but that in the liver was higher in all the NFe-treated groups than it was in the control group (p<0.05). These results indicate that the additional NFe treatment did not affect the experimental colon carcinogenesis in mice regardless of the presence of ascorbic acid.

This study examines consumers’ online activities according to the categories of goods and services, applying foraging theory, and explore online information structure perceived by consumers, determining the degree of information overload. Consumers are confronted by nearly unlimited amounts of information when they gather information to make purchase decisions in an online environment. Few studies have focused on the behavioral pattern of information acquisition to reduce information overload. The available studies are limited by particular conditions under a normative perspective (e.g., cognitive limitation with item specific information only and overemphasis on the quantity dimension of information structure). An improvement may be a holistic approach that allows freedom of information acquisition, and includes an ecological perspective, which emphasizes an interaction between minds and immediate environments (Todd & Gigerenzer, 2007). In other words, to provide a better explanation of information overload phenomenon, the research includes quantity information as well as quality and environmental information in the information structure. This has been overlooked in an information overload paradigm (for example, the question of whether more or less information is better) (Scheibehenne, Greifeneder, & Todd, 2010). Moreover, Xia and Monroe (2005) argued that the majority of research about information acquisition has overemphasized information searching while overlooking information browsing, although both activities occur concurrently during processes of information acquisition. The foraging theory (Stephen and Kreb, 1986), which originated from behavioral ecology, can help explain a continuum of browsing and searching behavior through utilizing the patch framework (Kim & Hantula, 2016). The patch framework provides a different perspective for information structure in terms of the amount of data as a combination of within-patch (searching) and between-patch (browsing), thereby covering the issue of the browse-search continuum to explain issues of amount for information overload. (e.g., Detlor, Sproule, & Gupta, 2003). The current study applied foraging theory into the online behavior of information acquisition and explored the information structure that consumers establish and consider in their process of information foraging across categories of goods and services (i.e., durables, nondurables, and services). This theoretical integration would proffer some clues for information structure to reduce information overloads through browsing and searching information online. The investigations consist of ordinary activities and purchase-related activities online, frequently purchased items and consideration to make purchase decisions, strategic information foraging patterns, and perceived decisional difficulty.

Iron is required for cell viability but is toxic in excess. While the iron-mediated malfunction of testicular cells is well appreciated, the underlying mechanism(s) of this effect and its relationship with fertility are poorly understood. Ferritin is a ubiquitous intracellular protein that controls iron storage, ferroxidase activity, immune response, and stress response in cells. Ferritin light chain protein (FTL) is the light subunit of the Ferritin. Previously, we had identified the FTL in bovine spermatozoa following capacitation. In present study, to investigate the role of Ferritin in sperm function, mice spermatozoa were incubated with multiple doses (1, 10 and 100 μM) of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an iron donor. SNP was increased Ferritin levels in a dose-dependent manner. The Ferritin was detected on the acrosome in spermatozoa by immunocytochemistry. Short-term exposure of spermatozoa to SNP increased tyrosine phosphorylation and the acrosome reaction (AR). Finally, SNP affected a significant decrease in the rate of fertilization as well as blastocyst formation during early embryonic development. On the basis of these results, we propose that the effects of Ferritin on the AR may reduce overall sperm function leads to poor fertility in males and compromised embryonic development.

과적차량은 도로와 교량의 내구성 감소에 가장 큰 위험요소 중 하나여서 지금까지 이런 문제를 제한하기 위해 과적차량에 대한 단속이 실시되어 왔다. 그러나 기존의 시스템은 많은 문제점을 내포하고 있어서 이에 대한 대처방안이 요구되고 있다. 이러한 이유로 본 논문에서는 기존 문제점 해결과 u-ITS의 구축을 위해 무인화, 무선화 기반의 U-중차량 무인과적 단속시스템 구축방안을 제시하며 이를 위해, 시스템 구성방법, USN의 적용, 시스템 제어부와 WCDMA/HSDPA의 설계에 대해 연구하고 WIM 센서의 성능에 대해 검증하였다.

부산항은 컨테이너 물동량 기준으로 세계 6위의 항만이며, 환적화물 기준으로 세계 2위의 항만으로 큰 기능을 하고 있다. 그러나 항만시설 및 운송업체에 대한 정책적 배려 부족으로 부산 신항내 환적화물의 운송과 배후물류단지 화물운송에 있어 과적단속이 심각한 문제 로 대두되고 있다. 이에 관련 운전자, 운송업체, 항만 배후물류단지 담당자를 대상으로 그 실태를 살펴보고, 그 문제점을 파악한 후 개선방안 을 제언하였다.

Purpose - In endless competition, companies pursue cost reduction and work efficiency. So, entrepreneurs try to increase job intensity, which may lead to job stress and high turnovers because of job burnout. But, Information systems are acknowledged as a work support tool that secures work convenience and the productivity of employees. In this study, we aimed to confirm the effects of information systems in reduing the work overload of employees in a human resource intensive industry. Research design, data and methodology - This is based on the job demands-resources model, conducting an empirical analysis of surveys given to hospital employees working in a human resource intensive industry. Results - The research revealed that information systems reduced the work overload of employees in a human resource intensive industry. Conclusion - This study confirmed the effects of information systems as a job resource based on JD-R theory, and presentation of empirical results indicated that information systems alleviate employee job overload and increases job satisfaction in the medical services industry. In the medical services industry, using electronic health record system decreases in work overload, which results in employees gaining time for self-development and time management, reducing job stress, and leading to job satisfaction.

The deployment of multicast communication services in the Internet is expected to lead a stable packet transfer even in heavy traffic as in On-Line Game environment. The Core Based Tree scheme among many multicast protocols is the most popular and suggested recently. However, CBT exhibit two major deficiencies such as traffic concentration or poor core placement problem. So, measuring the bottleneck link bandwidth along a path is important for understanding the performance of multicast. We propose not only a definition of CBT's core link state that Steady-State(SS), Normal-State(NS) and Bottleneck State(BS) according to the estimation link speed rate, but also the changeover of multicast routing scheme for traffic overload. In addition, we introduce anycast routing tree, a efficient architecture for construct shard multicast trees.