본 연구는 신무용 시기부터 21세기 동시대에 이르기까지 한국 남성 현 대무용가들의 전개 양상과 스타일 형성 과정을 역사적·젠더적 관점에서 분석하는 데 목적이 있다. 한국 남성 현대무용은 신무용 시기의 민족적· 상징적 신체 표현에서 출발하여, 제도화 과정 속에서 표현주의적 신체 언어를 확립하였고, 이후 국제 교류와 사회적 담론의 확장을 통해 다원 적·융합적 미학으로 전개되었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 특히 남성 무용가의 신체는 시대별로 민족적 주체, 내면적 존재, 감정과 취약성을 드러내는 수행적 주체로 변모하며, 한국 현대무용 스타일 형성에 중요한 역할을 수행해 왔다. 본 연구는 남성 무용가를 중심으로 한국 현대무용사의 전 개를 재구성함으로써, 기존 연구에서 상대적으로 간과되었던 젠더적 관 점과 스타일 형성 메커니즘을 보완하고자 한다.

본 연구는 중학교 축구선수들을 대상으로 실제 경기 전후 보행 패턴의 변화를 살펴보고, 이러한 변화가 부상 위험과 어떤 관련이 있는지를 평가하는 데 목적이 있다. 경기 전/후에 따른 보행분석 결과, 보행 효율성과 관련된 지표인 PCI와 GA는 경기 후 유의하게 증가하여 보행 효율성과 대칭성이 저하되었 다. 또한, 발목 관절 운동범위 중 Dorsi/Plantar 및 Adduct/Abduct ROM이 경기 후 유의하게 감소하여, 발목 움직임이 저하되었다. 이는 반복적인 경기 활동으로 인한 피로가 발목 관절의 유연성과 기능을 저하 시킬 수 있음을 나타낸다. 이와 같은 결과는 중학교 축구선수의 경기 후 보행 패턴 변화가 발목 기능의 저 하와 밀접한 관련이 있으며, 궁극적으로 부상 위험이 증가하는 것을 의미한다. 따라서 본 연구는 청소년 축 구선수들의 부상예방을 위한 상해예방 프로그램과 경기력 관리 전략을 수립하는 데 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

In this study, we propose a data-driven analytical framework for systematically analyzing the driving patterns of autonomous buses and quantitatively identifying risky driving behaviors at the road-segment level using operational data from real roads. The analysis was based on Basic Safety Message (BSM) data collected over 125 days from two Panta-G autonomous buses operating in the Pangyo Autonomous Driving Testbed. Key driving indicators included speed, acceleration, yaw rate, and elevation, which were mapped onto high-definition (HD) road maps. A hybrid clustering method combining self-organizing map (SOM) and k-means++ was applied, which resulted in eight distinct driving pattern clusters. Among these, four clusters exhibited characteristics associated with risky driving such as sudden acceleration, deceleration, and abrupt steering, and were spatially visualized using digital maps. These visualizations offer practical insights for real-time monitoring and localized risk assessment in autonomous vehicle operations. The proposed framework provides empirical evidence for evaluating the operational safety and reliability of autonomous buses based on repeated behavioral patterns. Its adaptability to diverse urban environments highlights its utility for intelligent traffic control systems and future mobility policy planning.

This study investigates the traditional costumes featured in The Purple Hairpin, a representative work of Cantonese Yue opera, and explores their creative adaptation into modern fashion design. Cantonese Yue opera costumes, known for their symbolic patterns, colors, and craftsmanship, embody the cultural and aesthetic identity of the region. Through comprehensive literature review, field research, and analysis of museum artifacts and performance images, the structural and symbolic characteristics of key characters’ costumes were systematically examined. Based on these findings, two modern womenswear designs were developed: one inspired by the Xiaoguzhuang worn by noblewomen and another based on the Yuanling, a traditional official’s robe. Each design aimed to harmonize traditional aesthetics with contemporary sensibilities and functionality. Patterns for these designs were drafted and tested using Style3D software to conduct virtual fitting simulations, which allowed for evaluating wearability, aesthetic qualities, and structural stability. The results demonstrate that the distinctive symbolic elements and artistic values of traditional Yue opera costumes can be successfully reinterpreted into modern fashion, while digital tools enhance the efficiency and precision of pattern development. This research contributes to preserving and revitalizing traditional costume culture by providing a practical methodology for modern application, as well as offering insights for future global promotion and creative use of Chinese traditional dress in contemporary fashion contexts.

Animal pattern recognition from nighttime grayscale images is crucial for wildlife protection and ecological monitoring. Most of the current models suffer from a large parameter scale, making them unsuitable for deployment in resource-constrained environments. To address this challenge, this study proposes a multi-layer knowledge distillation approach based on the teacher Convnext model to improve the lightweight student model's classification performance effectively. Experimental results show that the parameters of the distilled CifarResNet20 model are only 0.27M, and the accuracy is 88.76%, which is superior to the traditional single-layer distillation and another tiny student model. The study confirms the efficiency and practical value of the proposed method in practical applications such as ecological monitoring.

「Hyeonpung Gwakssi Eongan」 (A collection of Korean letters)is of 176 letters. Of 176 letters, 83 letters are about dietary which are 47.16% of the total letters. In 83 letters of dietary, there are records of rice, glutinous rice, barley and buckwheat, and also yeast, malt, flour, wheat bran. For poultry and meats, there are beef, raw & dried pheasant, chicken, quail and other birds. For fish and shellfish, there are sea fish such as cod, herring, croaker, flatfish, and freshwater fish such as crucian carp. For main dish, there are cooked rice, porridge, noodles and dumplings. For side dish, there are soup, grilled dish, nureumi, stir-fried dish, steamed dish, fermented fish, raw fish, jaban and chimchae. For rice cake, there are ancestral rites cake, sanseung, gyeongdan, ssookddeok. In「Hyeonpung Gwakssi Eongan」, Ju Gwak instructed food preparation, grocery shopping, recipe, guest-welcoming, housekeeping, making bed, transportation, curfew for his kids and clothing for his wife one by one. Furthermore, there are records of dietary lifestyle of spring season and the month of November in lunar calendar. Lastly, there are birthday ceremony, coming of age ceremony, wedding ceremony, funeral ceremony and ancestral rites ceremony according to Confucianism ideal and their food recipe.

Women in their 50s undergo significant changes to their bodies, including weight gain and rapid increases in body mass index (BMI) due to menopause. This study aimed to develop a basic bodice pattern suitable for women with a “square” body type, which is the most common type among Korean women in their 50s. We used a body shape avatar representative of square-body-type women in their 50s, provided by 6th Size Korea (KATS, 2010) as the model. This avatar was loaded into a virtual fitting program to evaluate the fit of the research pattern. The results of the study were as follows. Using the 3D virtual fitting program, the ideal bodice pattern was found to be close-fitting, based on an analysis of the body surface of women in their 50s with a square body type. This population’s characteristic body features included a rounded back, forward-protruding waist, forward-tilted neck, and shoulder tips angled toward the center-front. Because of the protruding abdomen, the bodice’s waist dart value was lower than average. The base bodice design for this body type was adapted from the research pattern of Jun and Jang (2024). Adjustments for this study included adding 0.5 cm to the center-back length and designing the profile line from the back neckline to the armpit wall. Further, the front bodice waist dart was omitted to accommodate the protruding abdomen. After two rounds of revisions, evaluations of the virtual fitting significantly improved, with scores increasing from 2.38 out of 5 to 4.82 out of 5.

Background: The evaluation of Human Movements based on Taekwondo poomsae (movement patterns) is inherently subjective, leading to concerns about bias and inconsistency in scoring. This emphasizes the need for objective and reliable scoring systems leveraging artificial intelligence technologies. Objectives: This study seeks to enhance the accuracy and fairness of Taekwondo poomsae scoring through the application of camera-based pose estimation and advanced neural network models. Design: A comparative analysis was conducted to evaluate the performance of machine learning models on a large-scale Taekwondo poomsae dataset. Methods: The analysis utilized a dataset comprising 902,306 labeled frames from 48 participants performing 62 distinct poomsae movements. Five models—LSTM, GRU, Simple RNN, Random Forest, and XGBoost—were evaluated using performance metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, F1- score, and log loss. Results: The LSTM model outperformed all others, achieving an accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score of 0.81, alongside the lowest log loss value of 0.55. The GRU model demonstrated comparable performance, while traditional models such as Random Forest and XGBoost were less effective in capturing the temporal and spatial patterns of poomsae movements. Conclusion: The LSTM model exhibited superior capability in modeling the temporal and spatial complexities inherent in Taekwondo poomsae, establishing a robust foundation for the development of objective, scalable, and reliable poomsae evaluation systems.

A crustose red alga, Lithophyllum neo-okamurae A.Kato, D.Basso, Caragnano, Rodondi, V.Peña & M.Baba, is reported a new record from Korea and its biogeographic distributions are extended in Korea. Lithophyllum neo-okamurae has been known as endemic species in Japan. Despite the resemblance between L. neookamurae and L. okamurae, our molecular and morphological analyses have revealed the simultaneous presence of both species in Korea. Although L. neo-okamurae and L. okamurae share morphological similarities, there are notable variations in gene sequences, with a range of 9.1-11.3% in psbA and 14.8-15.3% in rbcL. Specifically, while L. neo-okamurae is distributed throughout the entire coastline of Korea, L. okamurae is predominantly found in southern region. Furthermore, our analyses have revealed their detailed distributions in Korea.

This study explores the histological features and Bmp4 expression patterns in the replaced tooth germ of Xenopus laevis . Tooth germ formation starts from the dental placode through epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, involving various signaling pathways such as Fgf, Shh, Bmp, and Wnt. In mice, Bmp4 expression in the dental placode inhibits Pax9 expression in the dental mesenchyme. Although absent in the presumptive dental lamina of birds and toothless mammals, Bmp4 remains conserved in reptiles and fish owing to gene duplication. However, its expression in amphibian tooth germs is poorly understood. Three-month-old X. laevis were employed in this study. Initially, samples underwent paraffin embedding and were sectioned into 5 or 12 μm ribbons for H&E staining and in situ hybridization, respectively. Results revealed teeth appearing in two maxillary rows: the labial side, with prefunctional and functional teeth, and the lingual side, with replaced tooth germs behind functional teeth. Enameloid was observed between the inner dental epithelium and dental mesenchyme at the cap or early bell stages, whereas enamel and dentin formed during the late bell or mineralization stages from the replaced tooth germ. Bmp4 expression was evident in the inner dental epithelium (ameloblasts), dental papilla (odontoblasts), stellate reticulum, and Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath. Overall, these findings highlight the conservation of Bmp4 expression in X. laevis tooth development.

This study aimed to reconfirm the sex change scale and pattern of Tegillarca granosa. Although the sex ratio (female : male, female proportion) of T. granosa was 1:2.32 (30.2%) at the initial stage (2011) of the study, it was 1:0.94 (51.5%) after one year (2012) in the same population. The increase of the female proportion was greater in the 2+ year class (23.0%) when compared to the 1+ year class (19.2%). Overall, sex change ratio of 37.6% was observed in this population of T. granosa. The sex change ratio of the 2+ year class (39.3%) was higher than that of the 1+ year class (35.3%). And sex change ratio in the males (42.2%) was higher than that in the females (26.9%). The female proportion was the opposite of the result from 2006~2007, and one of the causes was presumed to be the difference in cumulative water temperature during the gonadal inactive stage (winter).