The abstract should clearly state the purpose and nature of the investigation while summarizing the key conclusions in English only. It should be a single paragraph consisting of no more than 200 words. This study presents a method to enhance the seismic performance of a stacked stone pagoda by utilizing a Ball Vibration Absorber (BVA). The governing equations of motion for sliding, the primary failure mode of the stacked stone pagoda, were derived, and a numerical model was developed. Through various numerical analyses, the optimal design parameters of the BVA were identified to maximize its seismic control effectiveness for the pagoda. The BVA device can increase the critical seismic acceleration at which the sliding mode occurs in the structure. Moreover, the seismic control performance of the BVA improves with an increase in the mass of the sphere and the coefficient of friction between the layers. Conversely, as the applied seismic acceleration rises, the effectiveness of the BVA in controlling seismic responses diminishes, although a certain level of control effect is maintained. Finally, as long as the sphere of the BVA maintains a specific range of rolling motion, the radius of the sphere or rolling radius does not significantly impacts its seismic control performance.

생성형 의 등장은 AI 인간의 고유 영역인 창작까지 관여하면서 매일 우리에게 새로운 세계를 경 험하게 하고 있다. 생성형 AI가 만든 작품을 창의적인 표현의 결과물로 볼 수 있는지 여전히 논란 이지만, 그 구조와 특징을 살펴보는 것은 새로운 문화적 현상을 이해하고 받아들이는 데 중요한 요소이다. 따라서 생성형 AI 음악에 대한 고찰이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 기술이나 매체, 매체 체계 등으로 구성되는 규칙적 시스템의 무작위성과 우연성을 통해 스스로 생성된 음악을 ‘생성형 음악’으로 정의하고, 기술의 발전과 매체변화에 따라 분류하여 그 특징을 살펴보았다. 구체적으 로 주사위 음악과 우연성 음악 등 아날로그 방식의 생성음악과 최근 인공지능 음악을 중심으로 하였다, 각 분류는 시스템을 구성하는 매체와 방식, 시스템을 사용하는 주체, 수용자에게 전달되 는 방식으로 구분하였다. 생성형 음악은 시스템을 설계하는 과정과 사용하는 과정에서 독창적 창 의성을 발휘하며, 사용자의 적극적인 개입을 통해 개방적 상호작용을 갖는다. 특히 생성형 음악은 대중들도 쉽게 창작에 참여할 수 있게 되면서 음악 창작에 대한 접근성이 낮아졌다. 이러한 특징 속에 생성형 음악에 대한 용어 정의가 학문적으로 이루어져야 한다. 또한 최근 생성형 AI 음악은 기술적 확장을 넘어 문화, 경제, 윤리 등의 변화를 일으키고 있다. 우리는 이 새로운 변화를 어떻 게 민첩하게 반응하는지에 따라 긍정적 문화적 전환이 이루어질 것이다.

For estimating ground motion intensity measures on the surface from seismic sensors installed in structures, it is crucial to correct structural response effects embedded in the recorded signals. This study proposes a model for peak ground acceleration (PGA) amplification based on VS30, derived from multi-degree-of-freedom analysis. PGA amplification factor (AFPGA) is defined as the ratio of peak floor acceleration (PFA) of structures to PGA. The model includes three key input parameters: the natural period of the structures (Tn), the ratio of stories to the total number of stories in the structures, and the time-averaged shear wave velocity down to a depth of 30 meters. It is developed using 78 ground motion records from both domestic and international earthquakes. A LOESS smoothing technique is applied using 3 span values, with the optimal span of 0.1 is determined based on RMSE performance and an analysis of local trend characteristics in the dataset. The model is verified using empirical data from the CESMD global strong motion database, which includes classification by Tn into short, intermediate, and long periods. The results show that although the model tends to predict higher AFPGA values than those observed in real structures, it effectively reflects the overall amplification trends. This approach enables the pre-earthquake estimation of structural amplification, allowing for the use of seismic sensors installed in structures as a complementary monitoring network for seismic response.

This study analyzed the structural performance of a microalgae-based lightweight ecological integration system for large-span structures to achieve carbon neutrality. To address the load problems of existing soil-based ecological systems, a lightweight system utilizing microalgae bioreactors was proposed, and structural performance was evaluated for four types of large-span structures: truss, arch, dome, and cable structures. Structural analysis results through finite element analysis showed that the proposed system achieved a 70% load reduction effect compared to existing systems, with structural performance improvements including 35-40% reduction in maximum deflection, 30-35% reduction in maximum stress, and 25-30% increase in natural frequency. Environmental performance analysis confirmed CO₂absorption capacity of 12-18 kg per m² annually and PM2.5 reduction effects of 15-25%. Economic analysis results indicated that benefits of 3.95-6.7 million KRW per year are generated for a 1,000 m²reference area, creating cumulative benefits of 179.75-227.5 million KRW over 25 years. Verification through the German BIQ House case confirmed CO₂reduction performance of 6 tons per year for 200 m², demonstrating the practical applicability of the system. This study presented the potential of an innovative ecological integration system that can ensure structural safety of large-span structures while simultaneously contributing to carbon neutrality.

This study was intended to compare with seismic fragility assessments for a low-rise RC piloti structure using the Capacity Spectrum Method (CSM) and the Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA). Distribution-parameters were estimated using the Method of Moments (MoM) and the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE). For given limit states defined by FEMA 356, two seismic fragility assessments yielded different medians and dispersions: the CSM produced steeper in the slopes of fragility curves with smaller dispersions, whereas the IDA captured wider response scatters and broader dispersions. When fitting the fragility curves, the MLE scheme provided to well match with the empirical cumulative distribution function(CDF) than the MoM scheme, which understated dispersions.

Machine learning (ML) techniques have been increasingly applied to the field of structural engineering for the prediction of complex dynamic responses of safety-critical infrastructures such as nuclear power plant (NPP) structures. However, the development of ML-based prediction models requires a large amount of training data, which is computationally expensive to generate using traditional finite element method (FEM) time history analysis, especially for aging NPP structures. To address this issue, this study investigates the effectiveness of synthetic data generated using Conditional Tabular GAN (CTGAN) in training ML models for seismic response prediction of an NPP auxiliary building. To overcome the high computational cost of data generation, synthetic tabular data was generated using CTGAN and its quality was evaluated in terms of distribution similarity (Shape) and feature relationship consistency (Pair Trends) with the original FEM data. Four training datasets with varying proportions of synthetic data were constructed and used to train neural network models. The predictive accuracy of the models was assessed using a separate test set composed only of original FEM data. The results showed that models trained with up to 50% synthetic data maintained high prediction accuracy, comparable to those trained with only original data. These findings indicate that CTGAN-generated data can effectively supplement training datasets and reduce the computational burden in ML model development for seismic response prediction of NPP structures.

This study investigates the vibration characteristics of an aluminum subframe for small and high-speed vessels through modal and resonance analysis using the finite element method (FEM). Due to the low stiffness and damping of aluminum, concerns arise over structural resonance and fatigue. A 3D model based on actual design drawings was analyzed to extract six natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes. Significant deformation was observed in the first and second modes (90.65 Hz, 110.60 Hz), which may overlap with operational frequencies. The fifth mode (263.70 Hz) showed high amplitude with Y-axis concentration, indicating lateral resonance vulnerability. Deformation ratios were used to identify dominant vibrational directions. Based on the findings, design strategies such as structural reinforcement, RPM adjustment, and damping device application were proposed to improve vibration safety in the early design stage.

4차 산업혁명, AI, 학령인구 감소, 융복합교육 및 무전공 확대 등 급변하는 교 육 환경 속에서 국내 대학들은 교양교육 관련 전담 기관의 위상과 기능, 구조를 재정립하고 있다. 이러한 맥락에서 본 연구는 대학 교양교육의 체계적이면서도 탄 력적인 운영을 위한 거버넌스에 초점을 맞추어 관련 주요 현황 및 사례, 운영 유 형 및 발전 과제 등을 제시하였다. 2025년 3월과 8월, 대학 교양교육 거버넌스 운 영 현황을 조사하고 관련 문헌 및 자료 등을 검토하였다. 그 결과, 교양교육 거버 넌스의 유형은 크게 학부대학형, 칼리지형(교양대학 등), 교육혁신본부형, 교양교 육본부형, 총장직속학부형, 교양교육원형 등이 있었다. 이는 대학별로 교양교육 조직의 다양성을 보여주는 구조적 특징임을 알 수 있었다. 교양교육의 안정적 운 영을 위해서는 조직의 독립성 확보, 기관(장)의 위상 강화, 제도적 기반 구축, 교수 자 참여 확대 및 협력 거버넌스 등이 필요함을 확인하였다. 이와 함께, 대학의 전 략 및 학사 기획과 교양교육 조직 간의 연계 역시 중요함을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구 는 교양교육 거버넌스의 주요 현황과 쟁점을 정리하여 대학 교양교육의 질적 개선 과 발전 방안을 모색함으로써 향후 고등교육 정책의 실효성을 제고하는 데 대한 기초자료가 될 수 있을 것이다.

The Goryeo Palace Manwoldae Building Site No. 1-1 has a unique floor plan in which the main building and the buildings on both sides are arranged on the same axis, and the independent annex is built at right angles on the same foundation. Judging from this floor plan, the overall layout of Building Site No. 1-1 is likely to have been a structure in which the independent main and side buildings are arranged on the same axis and side building and annex are perpendicular to each other and their roof structures overlap. The structure of independent gable roofs on one axis was commonly seen in prestigious buildings such as palaces, temporary palaces, and buildings commemorating the king in local government offices during the Goryeo Dynasty, and traces of it can also be found in a few buildings in the central and local area during the early Joseon Dynasty. Meanwhile, the structure of two independent gable roofs overlapping at right angles was confirmed in government offices, local national and private schools, and housing construction from the late Goryeo Dynasty to the early Joseon Dynasty, suggesting that this architectural method was widely adopted. The structure of Building 1-1, graphically restored in this paper, is a meaningful relic that shows the architectural ideas of the Goryeo Dynasty's architectural structure and traces remaining in the Joseon Dynasty.

본 연구는 중소벤처기업부가 추진하는 정책사업인 로컬콘텐츠 중점대 학을 중심으로, 최근 2년간 온라인에서 형성된 담론의 구조와 사회적 수 용 양상을 소셜 빅데이터 분석을 통해 규명하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 네이버와 다음의 블로그, 뉴스, 웹문서 등 다양한 채널에서 수집한 데이터를 기반으로 텍스트 마이닝(단어빈도, TF-IDF, N-gram), 개체명 인식, 2-mode 매트릭스 분석, 감성 분석, CONCOR 분석, LDA 토픽모 델링 및 의미기반 클러스터링을 수행하였다. 분석 결과, ‘대학’, ‘콘텐츠’, ‘창업’, ‘지역’, ‘지원’ 등 핵심어를 중심으로 한 의미구조가 형성되어 있 었으며, 담론은 대체로 긍정적 정서를 포함하고 있었다. 또한 대학, 지역 기관, 중소기업 간 협력 네트워크가 주체별로 상이한 양상을 보이며 다 층적 실행 구조를 보여주었다. 본 연구는 로컬콘텐츠 중점대학의 사회적 인식과 정책적 함의를 담론 기반으로 조망함으로써, 향후 제도 설계 및 지역혁신전략 수립에 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다.

Tracing the water snowline in low-mass young stellar objects (YSOs) is important because dust grain growth is promoted and the chemical composition varies at the water snowline, which influences planet formation and its properties. In protostellar envelopes, the water snowline can be estimated as a function of luminosity using a relation derived from radiative transfer models, and these predictions are consistent with observations. However, accurately estimating the water snowline in protoplanetary disks requires new relations that account for the disk structure. We present the relations between luminosity and water snowline using the dust continuum radiative transfer models with various density structures. We adopt two-dimensional density structures for an envelope-only model (Model E), an envelope+disk+cavity model (Model E+D), and a protoplanetary disk model (Model PPD). The relations between the water snowline, where Tdust = 100 K, and the total luminosity, ranging 0.1–1,000 L⊙, are well fitted by a power-law relation, Rsnow = a × (L/L⊙)p au. The factor a decreases with increasing disk density, while the power index p has values around 0.5 in all models. As the disk becomes denser, the water snowline forms at smaller radii even at the same luminosity, since dense dust hinders photon propagation. We also explore the effect of viscous heating on the water snowline. In Model PPD with viscous heating, the water snowline shifts outward by a few au up to 15 au, increasing the factor a and decreasing the power index p. In Model E+D with lower disk mass, the effect of viscous heating is negligible, indicating that the disk mass controls the effect. The discrepancy between our models and direct observations provides insights into the recent outburst event and the presence of a disk structure in low-mass YSOs.