This study was conducted for the purpose of systematically identifying research trends in technology transfer and commercialization and setting future research directions in academia. Over a total of 35 years (1987-2021), 146 papers related to technology transfer and commercialization were analyzed for research period, research area, research methods, and research subjects. The research results are as follows. First, the largest number of papers (55) was published during the Park Geun-hye administration. Second, among major academic journals, only the ‘Korea Society for Technology Innovation’ had a relatively high proportion of research. Third, quantitative research (38%) was the most widely applied research method. Fourth, the most frequent research target was institutions/systems (44%). Additionally, the results of frequency analysis of 729 keywords were presented in a word cloud. This study is significant as the most current study that attempted bibliographic analysis of technology transfer and commercialization research papers over the past 35 years.

STEM(Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) 분야의 교육은 이 론적 지식뿐만 아니라 실용적 기술과 혁신적 사고를 필요로 하는 현장 환경에 대비하여 학습자들을 준비시켜야 한다. 이를 위한 방법 중 하나 로 교육을 통해 습득한 지식과 기술을 다른 맥락으로 적용하는 학습전이 가 강조된다. 이에 본 연구는 능동적 학습 참여, 고차원적 사고, 실무 능 력을 배양할 수 있는 플립러닝 교수법을 활용하여 다차원 학습자 수업참 여가 학습전이에 미치는 인과관계에서 지식공유태도와 학습자 효능감의 효과에 대한 메커니즘을 살펴보고자 하였다. K대학 응용화학과 학생을 대상으로 한 연구결과는 첫째, 정서적, 행동적 참여는 학습전이에 정(+) 의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 행동적 수업참여와 학습전이 간의 관계에서 지식공유태도가 부분매개를 하는 것으로 나타났다. 마지 막으로 학습자 효능감은 인지와 정서적 수업참여와 학습전이 간의 관계 에 대해 조절효과를 보였다. 이러한 연구결과를 통해 학습자 수업참여는 지식공유태도를 통해 학습전이가 되는 것으로 알 수 있으며, 학습자 효 능감이 학습자 수업참여와 학습전이 간의 관계를 조절한다는 것을 알 수 있다.

양도담보는 비전형적담보의 중요한 유형이다. 또한, 최근 중국민법학계의 관심 이 집중되고 있는 주제이다. 중국에서는 <민법전>과 <담보제도 해석>이 공포된 후, 양도담보를 비전형담보의 한 유형으로 볼 것인가와 관련해 집중적인 논의가 있었다. 이에 본고는 해석학의 측면에서 담보이론을 해석하며, <민법전>과 <담보 제도해석>의 내용을 종합적으로 분석하였다. 이를 통해 양도담보는 비전형담보의 일종으로서 <민법전>에서 인정해야 한다는 결론을 도출하였다. 한편 집합물의 양도담보와 관련해, 본고는 집합물의 법적 성질 및 물상대위에 관해 분석하였다. 본고는 집합물양도담보는 이론적 및 실천적 가치가 있다는 것 을 논증하였다. 또한, 집합물의 양도담보의 공시효력을 강화하고, 집합물양도담보 의 물상대위성을 인정해야 한다고 보았다. 이러한 태도는 채권의 실현을 보장하 는데 기여할 수 있으며, 특히 담보물이 대체된 경우 채권자의 이익을 보호하는데 유리하다. 그리고 거래안전도 강화할 수 있다. 그 밖에도 본고는 집합물의 과잉담보 문제에 대해 다음과 같은 해결방안을 제 시하였다. 우선 보증을 설정하기 전에 집합물에 대한 합리적인 평가가 진행되어 야 한다. 또한 계약당사자가 합당한 협상을 진행해야 한다. 이는 위험을 예방하 고 분쟁을 피할 수 있을 것이다. 한편, 집합물에 대해 담보권을 실행하기 위해 환가하는 경우에는 “일물일권주의”에 따라 집합물의 분리를 인정하여 담보책임을 명확히 해야 할 것으로 보았다. 이러한 방법은 당사자의 형평을 도모할 수 있고, 금융거래의 건강한 발전을 촉진할 수 있을 것이다.

Undeclared nuclear activities are challenging given the lack of information from the sites involved in such activities. Wide-area environmental sampling (WAES) can be an effective method to detect undeclared nuclear activities. However, it is crucial to address the potential risks during the WAES, including sample tampering or extortions. Therefore, tracking and monitoring of various on-site data is imperative to accurately interpret the status of samples and workers throughout the WAES process. ‘Environmental and Geographical Data Transfer (EGDT)’ was developed for the real-time monitoring of integrated on-site data. EGDT module is equipped with various sensors and can be attached to a worker’s uniform or a sample storage box. This study demonstrated the technical effectiveness of EGDT by exploring three experimental methodologies for feasibility assessment. Compared to the Normal Operation case, the inference of the Sample Extortion case was predominantly based on changes in lux and dose rate. The inference of the Out-of-Work-Area case primarily relied on changes in dose rate and acceleration. Finally, the preliminary evaluation of the performance of the developed prototype was conducted, and a foundation was established for enhancing the application in the WAES process.

그동안 우리나라의 학설은 임차보증금 자체의 법적 성질을 문제 삼기보다는 임차인의 보증금반환채권의 법적 성질을 문제 삼아 왔다. 그 결과 차임채권이 양도되거나 전부되어 임대인에게 귀속되지 않는 경우와 같은 분쟁 국면에서 임대인과 임차인의 의사를 해석하고 이에 더하여 규범적으로 타당한 의사를 형성하여 결론을 내리는 논의가 진행되었다. 하지만 과연 이런 식의 논의가 적 절한지에 대해 의문을 제기하며 새로운 법리가 필요하다는 주장이 행해진 바 있다. 필자는 임차보증금의 법적 성질이 무엇이냐가 곧 임차보증금반환청구권 의 법적 성질을 결정짓는다고 생각한다. 그리고 임차보증금은 금전양도담보라 고 생각한다. 담보목적의 소유권양도는 동산과 부동산을 가리지 않고 인정되 고 있다. 그런데 목적물이 금전인 경우에 관하여는 이를 양도담보로 보는 시각 이 우리나라에는 존재하지 않는다. 하지만 2021년에 개정되어 2022년부터 시 행되고 있는 프랑스민법은 금전도 양도담보의 목적물이 될 수 있음을 인정하 고 있다.

A computational analysis was performed to study the thermal characteristics within the injection molding process of polygon mirrors in LiDAR systems. Such polygon mirrors are significantly influenced by the geometric shape of the injection mold as well as temperature and operating conditions. The analysis included the temperature distribution, heat flux, and variations in heat transfer rate of the polygon mirror from initial conditions. From the beginning of the injection process, temperature of the polygon mirror changes rapidly, leading to conductive heat transfer to the mold. There are large variations in the mirror temperature change depending on local position, and surface heat flux are affected by internal cooling path. These results are expected to be used as thermal design data for various polygon mirror processes.

This work involves the development of a novel waste-derived carbon dots (CDs) conjugated with silver (Ag) nanohybrid system-based Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) sensor for the detection of melamine. CDs and Ag nanoparticles served as energy donors and energy acceptors, respectively. CDs were synthesized from orange peel waste through a combined hydrothermal and ultra-sonication route. The synthesized CDs had hydroxyl, amino, and carboxyl groups on their surface, explaining that waste-derived CDs can act as reducing and stabilizing agents and showed strong absorption and fluorescence emission at 305 and 460 nm, respectively. The bandgap, linear refractive index, conduction band, and valance band potential of CDs were observed to be 2.86, 1.849, 1.14, and 4.002 eV, respectively. No significant difference was observed in the fluorescence properties at different pH (acid and alkaline) and ionic concentrations. Given their fluorescent nature, the synthesized CDs were used for the detection of melamine. The fluorescence of CDs was found to be quenched by Ag+ due to the FRET energy transfer between CDs to Ag. Notably, the zeta potential of Ag@CDs was changed from − 28.7 mV to − 30.6 mV after the incorporation of Ag+. Ag@CDs showed excellent selectivity and sensitivity toward the sensing of melamine in the aqueous solutions with the limit of detection ~ 0.85 μM. Increasing the melamine level also raises the FL intensity of Ag@CDs. The substrate was effectively used in the detection of melamine in milk as a real application and the recovery percentage was found to be 98.03%. Moreover, other adulterants such as urea and formaldehyde can be detected selectively by Ag@CDs. Overall, the synthesized Ag@CDs can be used as an efficient material for sensing applications involving such food adulterants.

Pharmaceutical products occurring in freshwater bodies create numerous problems for the water bodies owing to their bio-toxic nature. In order to remove such pharmaceutical pollutants, a novel Er-doped Bi4O5Br2/ g-C3N5 nanocomposite was prepared by one-pot synthesis and applied for the photocatalytic removal process. The Er ions doped on the surface of Bi4O5Br2/ g-C3N5 nanocomposite exhibited 97% degradation of tetracycline in 60 min under visible light irradiation, which is higher than pure g-C3N5 and Bi4O5Br2 photocatalysts. The improved photocatalytic properties are attributed to the outstanding visible light harvesting capacity and quick charge carrier separation efficiency which greatly reduced the recombination rate in the heterojunctions. Based on radical trapping experiments, the •O2 −, h+ and •OH radicals played a prominent role in the photodegradation reactions under visible light. Finally, the ternary Er-doped Bi4O5Br2/ g-C3N5 nanocomposite is effectively recyclable with quite a stable photocatalytic removal rate. This work enables a new perspective on the rational design of rare-earth-based nanocomposites for various pharmaceutical pollutants treatment processes.

A transfer cask serves as the container for transporting and handling canisters loaded with spent nuclear fuels from light water reactors. This study focuses on a cylindrical transfer cask, standing at 5,300 mm with an external diameter of 2,170 mm, featuring impact limiters on the top and bottom sides. The base of the cask body has an openable/closable lid for loading canisters with storage modules. The transfer cask houses a canister containing spent nuclear fuels from lightweight reactors, serving as the confinement boundary while the cask itself lacks the confinement structure. The objective of this study was to conduct a structural analysis evaluation of the transfer cask, currently under development in Korea, ensuring its safety. This evaluation encompasses analyses of loads under normal, off-normal, and accident conditions, adhering to NUREG-2215. Structural integrity was assessed by comparing combined results for each load against stress limits. The results confirm that the transfer cask meets stress limits across normal, off-normal, and accident conditions, establishing its structural safety.

In this study, project information of government-funded research institute in the food field was collected and analyzed to systematically identify the factors affecting the process of transferring technological achievements of public research institute to the private sector. This study hypothesized that human resources, financial resources, and technological characteristics as input factors of R&D projects affect output factors, such as research papers or patents produced by R&D projects. Moreover, these outputs would serve as drivers of the technology transfer as one of the R&D outcomes. Linear Regression Analysis and Poisson Regression Analysis were conducted to empirically and sequentially investigate the relationship between input factors and output and outcome of R&D projects and the results are as follows: First, the principle investigator's career and participating researcher's size as human resource factors have an influence on both the number of SCI (science citation index) papers and patent registration. Second, the research duration and research expenses for the current year have an influence on the number of SCI papers and patent registrations, which are the main outputs of R&D projects. Third, the technology life cycle affects the number of SCI papers and patent registrations. Lastly, the higher the number of SCI papers and patent registrations, the more it affected the number of technology transfers and the amount of technology transfer contract.

The heat transfer characteristics of double-pipe spiral heat exchanger were investigated by various curvature sizes, experimentally. The three different sizes of heat exchanger were made and tested with water as a working fluid to analyze the heat transfer characteristics. The heat transfer rates, overall heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop were analyzed with various heat exchanger sizes (i.e., curvature ratios). As result, the heat transfer rate increased with increasing the size of the heat exchanger as the flow rate increased due to increasing the area size of heat transfer. However, the overall heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop increased with decreasing the heat exchanger size (i.e., increased curvature ratio) due to the enhanced centrifugal force and inertia.