코로나19(COVID-19) 상황으로 감염예방과 관리지침에 따라, 정신간호학 실습을 대면으로 진행할 수가 없어, 긴급하게 온라인 실습으로 전환되었다. 이에 본 연구는 간호대학생의 정신간호학 현장실습 대체 온라인 실습에서 성찰일지를 내용분석하여 온라인 실습 교육과정의 질적인 향상을 위한 기초 자료로 활용 하고자 하였다. 연구 참여자는 2021년 정신간호학 온라인 실습에 참여한 간호대학 3학년 학생 31명의 성찰일지를 분석대상으로 하였다. 참여자의 실습이 종료된 2022년 4월 4일부터 5월 31일까지 자료 수집하 였고, 크리펜도르프(Krippendorff, 2019)의 내용분석에 따라 분석하였다. 정신간호학 온라인 실습 성찰일지 를 내용분석한 결과, ‘자기인식의 중요성을 확인함’, ‘정신건강의 가치를 알게 됨’, ‘정신질환자의 회복에 대해 생각함’, ‘치료적 의사소통 향상에 노력함’, ‘정신질환자에 대한 편견이 감소됨’, ‘온라인 실습에 대한 양가감정이 듦’의 6개의 범주로 도출되었다. 본 연구결과를 토대로 정신간호학 온라인 실습에서의 간호대 학생의 성찰의 의미를 파악할 수 있었고, 이러한 성찰일지를 대면 실습 혹은 정신건강전문가 양성과정에도 활용하여 연구하기를 제안한다.

본 연구는 자살생존 배우자의 애도경험을 보다 새롭고 깊이 있게 탐구 하기 위한 목적으로 Aguirre와 Bolton(2014)이 제시한 질적 해석적 메 타통합 방법(Qualitative Interpretive Meta Synthesis, QIMS)을 적용 하였다. 연구의 목적은 1차 질적 문헌연구들을 수집하고 이를 체계적으 로 분석하여 자살생존 배우자들의 애도경험을 이해하고, 이들의 회복과 삶의 재건을 도울 수 있는 새로운 실천방안을 발굴하는 것이다. 이를 위 해 2010년부터 2023년 9월까지 국내에서 수행된 자살생존 배우자 애도 경험에 관한 7편의 질적 논문을 최종분석에 포함하였고, 자살생존 배우 자 34명의 진술을 분석하였다. 자료범위의 축소와 주제 추출 및 통합 과 정을 통해 새롭고 의미 있게 도출된 내용은 39개의 주제범주, 12개의 통 합주제로 결집하였다. 이를 다시 근거이론의 패러다임 모형에 재배열하 여 구조화하였다. 마지막으로 연구결과에 근거하여 자살생존 배우자들의 애도경험을 체계적으로 해석 기술했으며, 자살생존 배우자들의 회복을 돕는 실천방안을 제시했다.

본 연구는 간호대학생의 진로적응력을 증진하기 위한 고려로 낙관성과 진로적응력 간 관계에서 학습몰입의 매개 효과를 파악하고자 수행된 서술적 조사연구이다. 연구대상은 G시와 M시의 4년제 대학 간호학과에 재학 중인 학생이며, 자료는 2023년 4월부터 5월까지 수집하였다. 자료 분석을 위해 기술적 통 계, Pearson 상관계수, Baron과 Kenny의 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 첫째, 낙관성은 학습몰입에 정 적인 영향을 나타냈다. 둘째, 낙관성은 진로적응력에 정적인 영향을 나타냈다. 셋째, 학습몰입은 낙관성과 진로적응력 사이에서 부분 매개효과를 나타냈다. 이로써 간호대학생의 진로적응력을 증진하기 위해서는 낙 관성과 학습몰입을 촉진하기 위한 전략들이 간호교육현장에서 필요함을 알 수 있다.

This study was conducted to investigate whether there were differences in eco-friendly food, home meal replacement (HMR) purchases, and eating-out behavior according to the level of agri-food consumer competence. The data for the study were extracted from main food consumers (n=3,321) in the 2022 Food Consumption Behavior Survey. The competence index was divided into awareness-attitude-practice items, and three groups were classified by competence level. The results showed an agri-food consumer competency score of 70.62, with the highest score for awareness (73.96), followed by practice (69.28) and attitude (66.18). The frequency of purchasing eco-friendly food was higher in the excellent group compared to other groups, and quality and price satisfaction was higher with higher competency (p<0.001). Regarding HMR, the results showed that the shortage group had the lowest HMR consumption rate, and satisfaction decreased as competence decreased (p<0.001). The main reason for eating-out was to enjoy food in all groups (59.0%), followed by a lack of cooking time in the excellent group (15.7%) and hassle with food preparation in the moderate and shortage groups (17.3%, 16.6%) (p<0.001). In short, agri-food consumption competency showed differences by contents and components, and differences in food purchases and eating-out behavior by competency level were found.

This study aimed to develop a solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (solid-SNEDDS) to enhance the formulation of ketoconazole (KTZ), a BCS Class II drug with poor solubility. Ketoconazole, which is insoluble above pH 3, requires solubilization for effective delivery. This SNEDDS comprises oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant, which spontaneously emulsify in the gastrointestinal tract environment to form nanoemulsions with droplet sizes less than 100 nm. The optimal SNE-vehicle composition of oleic acid, TPGS, and PEG 400 at a 10:80:10 weight ratio was determined based on the smallest droplet size achieved. This composition was used to prepare liquid SNEDDS containing ketoconazole. The droplet size and polydispersity index (PDI) of the resulting liquid SNEDDS were analyzed. Subsequently, solid-SNEDDS was fabricated using a spray-drying method with solidifying carriers such as silicon dioxide, crospovidone, and magnesium alumetasilicate. The physicochemical properties of the solid-SNEDDS were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction, and its solubility, droplet size, and PDI were evaluated. In particular, the solid-SNEDDS containing ketoconazole and crospovidone in a 2:1 weight ratio exhibited significantly enhanced solubility, highlighting its potential for improved medication adherence and dissolution rates.

Numerous studies have established a correlation between sociodemographic characteristics and water usage, identifying population as a primary independent variable in mid- to long-term demand forecasting. Recent dramatic sociodemographic changes, including urban concentration-rural depopulation, low birth rates-aging population, and the rise in single-person households, are expected to impact water demand and supply patterns. This underscores the necessity for operational and managerial changes in existing water supply systems. While sociodemographic characteristics are regularly surveyed, the conducted surveys use aggregate units that do not align with the actual system. Consequently, many water demand forecasts have been conducted at the administrative district level without adequately considering the water supply system. This study presents an upward water demand forecasting model that accurately reflects real water facilities and consumers. The model comprises three key steps. Firstly, Statistics Korea’s SGIS (Statistical Geological Information System) data was reorganized at the DMA level. Secondly, DMAs were classified using the SOM (Self-Organizing Map) algorithm to consider differences in water facilities and consumer characteristics. Lastly, water demand forecasting employed the PCR (Principal Component Regression) method to address multicollinearity and overfitting issues. The performance evaluation of this model was conducted for DMAs classified as rural areas due to the insufficient number of DMAs. The estimation results indicate that the correlation coefficients exceeded 0.9, and the MAPE remained within approximately 10% for the test dataset. This method is expected to be useful for reorganization plans, such as the expansion and contraction of existing facilities.

Water utilities are making various efforts to reduce water losses from water networks, and an essential part of them is to recognize the moment when a pipe burst occurs during operation quickly. Several physics-based methods and data-driven analysis are applied using real-time flow and pressure data measured through a SCADA system or smart meters, and methodologies based on machining learning are currently widely studied. Water utilities should apply various approaches together to increase pipe burst detection. The most intuitive and explainable water balance method and its procedure were presented in this study, and the applicability and detection performance were evaluated by applying this approach to water supply pipelines. Based on these results, water utilities can establish a mass balance-based pipe burst detection system, give a guideline for installing new flow meters, and set the detection parameters with expected performance. The performance of the water balance analysis method is affected by the water network operation conditions, the characteristics of the installed flow meter, and event data, so there is a limit to the general use of the results in all sites. Therefore, water utilities should accumulate experience by applying the water balance method in more fields.

In this study, the performances of H2S, NH3, and HCl sensors for real-time monitoring in small emission facilities (4, 5 grades in Korea) were evaluated at high concentration conditions of those gases. And the proper approach for the collection of reliable measurement data by sensors was suggested through finding out the effect on sensor performances according to changes in temperature and humidity (relative humidity, RH) settings. In addition, an assessment on sensor data correction considering the effects produced by environmental settings was conducted. The effects were tested in four different conditions of temperature and humidity. The sensor performances (reproducibility, precision, lower detection limit (LDL), and linearity) were good for all three sensors. The intercept (ADC0) values for all three sensors were good for the changes of temperature and humidity conditions. The variation in the slope value of the NH3 sensor showed the highest value, and this was followed by the HCl, H2S sensors. The results of this study can be helpful for data collection by enabling the more reliable and precise measurements of concentrations measured by sensors.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of Liriope platyphylla and organic acids on enteric methane mitigation in goats using an open-circuit simplified respiration chamber system. Methane recovery was evaluated by injecting 3% standard methane gas for 30 min at 3 L/min. The percentage of methane recovery from the four chambers was 99±5.4%. Following the recovery test, an animal experiment was conducted using eight castrated Boer goats (body weight 46.6±7.77 kg) using a 2×2 crossover design. Experimental diets were as follows: 1) Control (CON), commercial concentrate and tall fescue, and 2) Treatment (MIX), concentrate supplemented with L. platyphylla and organic acids and tall fescue. Goats were offered feed at 2% of body weight (dry matter basis) in equal portions twice daily at 8:00 and 15:30. The goats were adapted to the feed and methane chamber for 10 and 3 days, respectively. Methane emission was measured one day per goat using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy, and temperature and airflow measurements were used to estimate methane emissions. Dry matter intake (DMI), body weight, and methane emission were measured during each period. Methane production with CON and MIX was 24.48 and 22.68 g/d, respectively, and 26.81 and 24.83 g/kg DMI, respectively. Although the differences were not significant, the use of supplements resulted in a numerical reduction in methane in MIX compared with CON. Collaboration with experts in other areas, including various engineering departments, is imperative to measure methane emissions using a chamber system accurately.

The EV electric vehicle market is growing rapidly worldwide. Magnet fixing technology is important for mass production of driving motors, a key part of electric vehicles. The magnet fixing method was carried out by the PAM (Polyamide molding) method. This study conducted the injection of rotor core magnet PA of EV traction motor and is a study on the amount of rotor core deformation. In this study, the change in the outer diameter of the product after injection and the non-molding phenomenon were tested. An injection mold was made and the results and phenomena of product deformation types are discussed.

The need for lightweight yet strong materials is being demanded in all industries. Carbon fiber-reinforced plastic is a material with increased strength by attaching carbon fiber to plastic, and is widely used in the aerospace industry, ships, automobiles, and civil engineering based on its low density. Carbon-reinforced fiber plastic is a material widely used in parts and manufactured products, and structural analysis simulation is required during design, and application of actual material properties is necessary for accurate structural analysis simulation. In the case of carbon-reinforced fiber plastics, it is reported that there is a porosity of around 0.5% to 6%, and it is necessary to check the change in material properties according to the porosity and pore shape. It was confirmed by applying the method. It was confirmed that the change in elastic modulus according to the porosity was 10.7% different from the base material when the porosity was 6.0%, and the Poisson's ratio was confirmed to be less than 3.0%. It was confirmed that the elliptical spherical pore derived different material properties from the spherical pore depending on the pore shape, and it was confirmed that the shape of the pore had to be confirmed to derive equivalent material properties.

The effect of the stacking order of carbon fiber composites on impact damage was studied. The main form of damage was delamination starting at the interface between individual ply. The force-time response when the impact was applied was monitored and the energy absorbed by the panel was analyzed. The energy absorbed during interlayer separation was found to be affected by the stacking order, and the residual energy absorbed by peel propagation increased linearly as the total peel area increased. It was found that the compressive strength after impact was related to the maximum delamination area.

High-strength low-alloy steel is one of the widely used materials in onshore and offshore plant engineering. We investigated the alloying effect of solute atoms in α-Fe based alloy using ab initio calculations. Empirical equations were used to establish the effect of alloying on the Vicker’s hardness, screw energy coefficient, and edge dislocation energy coefficient of the steel. Screw and edge energy coefficients were improved by the addition of V and Cr solute atoms. In addition, the addition of trace quantities of V, Cr, and Mn enhanced abrasion resistance. Solute atoms and contents with excellent mechanical properties were selected and their thermal conductivity and thermal expansion behavior were investigated. The addition of Cr atom is expected to form alloys with low thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient. This study provides a better understanding of the state-of-the-art research in low-alloy steel and can be used to guide researchers to explore and develop α-Fe based alloys with improved properties, that can be fabricated in smart and cost-effective manners.

국제적인 선박 배출 가스에 대한 환경 규제가 점차 강화됨에 따라 전기추진 및 하이브리드 추진선박에 대한 관심이 증대되고 있으며, 이러한 선박에 적용하기 위한 다양한 솔루션이 개발 및 적용되고 있는데 특히 전력계통의 안정화, 시스템의 효율성을 높이기 위 한 방안으로 직류배전시스템이 적용되고 있다. 또한, 선박용 직류배전시스템에 대한 안전 및 성능에 대한 검증 및 시험의 중요성이 요구 되고 있다. 본 연구는 직류배전 테스트베드 구축 및 직류배전(가변속 발전)시스템에 대한 성능을 검증하고 연료소모량 분석한 결과로서 선박용 직류배전에 적용되고 있는 가변속 발전시스템을 적용하였으며, 발전기에서 출력되는 전력을 정류기를 통해 직류전력으로 변환하 여 시스템에 연계하고 이러한 장치들을 감시 및 제어하기 위한 시스템을 개발하였다. 이러한 직류배전 시스템을 적용한 시험을 통해 최 대 전압은 751.5V이고 최소전압은 731.4V가 계측되어 전압변동률은 2.7%로 3% 이내에서 안정적으로 전압이 공급되는 것을 확인하였고 부 하변동에 따라 가변속 발전시스템을 적용하였을 경우 연료소모량이 기존 정속발전시스템과 비교하여 구간에 따라 최대 20%이상 연료절 감이 되는 것을 시험을 통해 확인하였다.

The air dilution olfactory method to measure complex odors needs to store and carry odor samples from the field sampling until the analysis in laboratories. Until the analysis of sample in the laboratory, odor dilution factor (odor sensitivity) in the sample bag may decrease over time depending on the characteristics of each odor substances. This is one of the limitation for the air dilution olfactory method. Thus, the air dilution device enable to measure without loss in complex odors of samples. Recently, many studies on the performance test of on-site air dilution devices, i.e., field olfactometer, has been conducted to figure out the feasibility of the field olfactometers. In this study, seven odor samples were collected from five odor emission source sites. And comparative analysis with the air dilution olfactory method was carried out to assess the field applicability of the olfactometer. As results, the performance of the field olfactometer used in this study is regared as the affordable method. The dilution factors from between two methods showed the similar values, indicating low values of standard deviations. In order to ensure the accuracy and precision of measurement data using the field olfactometer, methodology minimized variables (that may affect measurement) needs to establish.