Bleeding from pancreatic pseudocyst is a rare complication. Furthermore, massive upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding from gastro-cystic fistula formation and intracystic bleeding are both extremely rare and are also potentially fatal. A 53-year-old male was referred to the emergency room with melena and hematemesis. An urgent endoscopy revealed a massive gastric hematoma but showed no specific bleeding focus. Gastrocystic fistula formation and intracystic bleeding leakage to the stomach were suspicious in the follow-up endoscopy. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan demonstrated splenic artery pseudoaneurysm and extravasation of contrast media into the cyst that was abutted to the greater curvature side of the stomach. A splenic artery embolization was performed and no further bleeding occurred after embolization. Upper GI bleeding from gastro-cystic fistula and intracystic bleeding are rare but possible. Therefore, this possibility should be considered in the unknown cause of an upper GI bleeding in a patient with pancreatic pseudocyst.

Commercial Larva Zophobus atratus is sed as pet food, sold in pet stores under the name‘giant mealworms’. Zophobus atratus is also considered for the human alterative food in the future. In this study, we are aimed to compare the effects of the supplements including agricultural by-product for commercial Larva Zophobas atratus. One hundred Zophobas atratus larvae were divided into group I (wheat bran 100%, N=20), group II (wheat bran 70 % and rice bran 30%), group III (wheat bran 70 % and soybean meal 30%), group IV (wheat bran 70 % and red ginseng meal 30%), group V (wheat bran 70 % and red perilla meal 30%). The body weights of commercial Larva Zophobas atratus were significantly improved in the agricultural by-products supplemented groups. From these results, it is considered that the agricultural by-products were effective for larval growth in Zophobus atratus rearing with alternative diet.

In industrial situation, electronic and electro-mechanical systems have been using different type of batteries in rapidly increasing numbers. These systems commonly require high reliability for long periods of time. Wider application of battery for low-power design as a prime power source requires us knowledge of failure mechanism and reliability of batteries in terms of load condition, environment condition and other explanatory variables. Battery life is an important factor that affects the reliability of such systems. There is need for us to understand the mechanism leading to the failure state of battery with performance characteristic and develop a method to predict the life of such battery. The purpose of this paper is to develope the methodology of monitoring the health of battery and determining the condition or fate of such systems through the performance reliability to predict the remaining useful life of primary battery with load condition, operating condition, environment change in light of battery life variation. In order to evaluate on-going performance of systems and subsystems adopting primary batteries as energy source, The primitive prototype for performance reliability analysis device was developed and related framework explained.

The molecular mechanisms of the carcinogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) are highly variable and result in different features of tumor progression, i.e., local tissue destruction and metastasis to regional lymph nodes. A case of OSCC arising from proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) was analyzed for its protein expression profile by immunoprecipitation (IP) – high performance liquid chromatography (IP-HPLC) by using 72 antisera and comparing results with those of KB cells. OSCC arising from PVL showed stronger expressions of proteins associated with cell proliferation (MPM2, PCNA, eiF5A, DHS, DOHH), cell survival (pAKT, MDM2, survivin), matrix proteolysis (elaffin), tumor suppression (p16, p21, PTCH1), the WNT/β-catenin pathway (SHH, WNT1, APC, β-catenin, snail), proinflammation (TNFα), angiogenesis (HIF, CMG2, vWF), and cellular protection (HSP-70, FAK, caveolin) and of oncoproteins (STAT3, 14-3-3, K-RAS, PUMA, PIM1) and growth factors (EGFR, bFGF) than KB cells. On the other hand, KB cells showed stronger expressions of proteins associated with apoptosis (caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, PARP, FAS, FASL, TGase-1, BCL2, BAD, BID, BAK, FLIP), matrix proteolysis (MMP-2, MMP-9), transcription signaling (NFkB, p38, E2F-1, HO-1), and tumor suppression (p53, RB1, PTEN) and of oncoproteins (DMBT1, CEA) and growth factor (TGF-β1, c-erbB2, VEGF) than OSCC arising from PVL. These data indicate the cells of OSCC arising from PVL are more resistant and more robust than KB cells. Furthermore, they suggest the oncogenic signalings of OSCC arising from PVL play important roles in the aggressive growth and rapid tumor metastasis to regional lymph nodes

Control charts are generally used for process control, but the role of traditional control charts have been limited in case of a contaminated process. Traditional x control charts have not been activated well for such a problem because of trying to control processes as center line and control limits changed by the contaminated value. This paper is to propose robust x control charts which is considering a location parameter in order to respond to contaminated process. In this paper, we consider x, that is trimmed rate; typically ten percent rate is used. By comparing with p, ARL value, the responding results are decided. The comparison resultant results of proposed two control charts are shown and are well contrasted.

본 연구는 기업의 제품혁신 과정에서 기술협력 활동과 전유성의 확보가 제품혁신성과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보았다. 추가적으로 협력활동과 전유성의 상호작용 효과 (전유성의 조절효과)에 대하여 분석하였다. 과학기술연구원에서 조사한 2010년 한국 제조업의 기술혁신조사 자료를 이용한 실증분석 결과 고객과의 협력활동과 계열사와의 협력활동이 제품혁신에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 전유성의 그 자체로 제품혁신에 긍정적인 영향을 줄 뿐만 아니라 고객과의 협력활동이 제품혁신에 주는 긍정적인 영향을 배가시키는, 다시 말해 제품혁신에서 전유성의 중요성이 확인되었다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 제품혁신 성과를 높이기 위한 전략적 시사점을 도출하였다. 제품혁신에서는 기술협력활동뿐만 아니라 전유성의 확보가 혁신성과를 결정하는 중요한 요인이기에 기업에서는 기술협력활동의 활성화 및 기술의 전유성 확보에 힘써야 할 것이며 이러한 전유성의 확보를 위한 기술보호 수단의 전략적 활용에 대한 통찰이 필요하다.

헤미셀룰레이즈를 0.005%, 0.010%, 0.015%, 0.020%를 첨가한 자색고구마 제조한 식빵의 품질 특성과 관능검사를 실시하였다. 반죽의 pH와 총 산도는 시료들 간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다(p<0.05). 발효 시간에 따른 발효 팽창력은 발효시간이 길어질수록 유의적으로 증가하였고(p<0.05), 헤미셀룰레이즈 첨가량에 따른 발효 팽창력은 45분과 60분에서는 헤미셀룰레이즈 0.015% 첨가군이 가장 높았으며, 대조군이 가장 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). 식빵의 pH는 대조군보다 헤미셀룰레이즈 첨가군들이 유의적인 차이가 없었으며(p<0.05), 총 산도는 헤미셀룰레이즈 첨가군들이 대조군보다 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 비용적과 굽기 손실률은 헤미셀룰레이즈 첨가군들이 대조군보다 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 수분 함량은 시료들 간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다(p<0.05). 명도는 대조군보다 헤미셀룰레이즈 첨가군들이 유의적으로 낮았고(p<0.05), 적색도는 0.005% 첨가군을 제외하고, 대조군보다 헤미셀룰레이즈 첨가군들이 유의적으로 낮았다(p<0.05). 황색도는 헤미셀룰레이즈 첨가군들이 대조군보다 다소 높았다(p<0.05). 견고성과 부서짐성은 헤미셀룰레이즈 첨가량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 감소하였으며(p<0.05), 복원성은 0.005% 첨가군을 제외하고, 헤미셀룰레이즈 첨가군들이 대조군보다 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 소비자 기호도 검사는 색과 부드러움은 실험군들 간에 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았고(p<0.05), 향미는 헤미셀룰레이즈 첨가군들이 대조군보다 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 종합적인 기호도는 헤미셀룰레이즈 0.010% 첨가군이 5.67로 가장 높은 값을 나타냈다. 이상의 실험에서 헤미셀룰레이즈 0.010% 첨가가 자색고구마 식빵의 부피를 개선하는데 최적 첨가량으로 확인되었다.

주류를 제외한 과일 및 탄산음료 등을 제조하는 비알코올성 음료품 제조시설에서 발생되는 폐수는 높은 농도의유기물과 낮은 농도의 질소, 인 등을 함유한다. 이러한 폐수의 처리 시설은 주로 호기성 공정과 약품응집 공정으로 구성하고 후단에 사여과지 또는 활성탄 공정을 추가하기도 한다. 하지만 이러한 방식은 긴 체류시간과 침전지 설치로 인해 많은 부지를 필요로 하는 문제가 있다. 본 연구에서는 부지소요 문제와 슬러지 유출로 인한 수질저하 문제를 해결하고자 W식품공장 폐수처리장 인근에 MBR pilot plant를 설치하고 장기간 운영을 통해 데이터를 확보하고 처리 효율을 평가하였다. 약 3개월간음료수 제조공정 폐수를 평막을 적용한 MBR pilot plant로 운전조건을 변화하며 처리한 결과, 처리유량 20 m3/day, HRT 29hr, 4Q 반송조건까지는 유기물 제거율 97% 이상으로 안정적인 처리가 가능했다. 하지만 그 이상의 운전조건에서는 생물반응조의 오염물질 제거율이 감소하였고 TMP가 급격히 증가하는 모습을 보였다.

PURPOSES: Evaluation of input parameters determination procedure for dynamic analysis of aggregates in DEM. METHODS: In this research, the aggregate slump test and angularity test were performed as fundamental laboratory tests to determine input parameters of spherical particles in DEM. The heights spreads, weights of the simple tests were measured and used to calibrate rolling and static friction coefficients of particles. RESULTS : The DEM simulations with calibrated parameters showed good agreement with the laboratory test results for given dynamic condition. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that the employed calibration method can be applicable to determine rolling friction coefficient of DEM simulation for given dynamic conditions. However, further research is necessary to connect the result to the behavior of aggregate in packing and mixing process and to refine static friction coefficient.

The purpose of this study was to identity the relationships of sub factor among the brain dominance thinking types(A,B,C,D quadrant thinking type) is based on the Whole Brain Modal and self-leadership by Manz. The subjects were 102 undergraduates students from the Hoseo university in Cheonan. The results of this study as follows ; first, the brain dominance thinking type A was the highest and type C was highly rated. Second, the brain dominance thinking type A was not correlated type C and type D. Third, the brain dominance thinking type C and self-leadership sub factor was significantly positively correlated.

The purpose of this study was designed to identify the health care condition aggressively to urban and semi-urban seniors and to inform the importance of prevention prior to treatment for better old age. A total of 200 seniors who were over the age of 65 and lived specific area of Seoul and Daeboo-island Ansan-city, from 7 September to 4 October 2012, and used self-developed questionnaire. The result of relevance analysis for oral health care demands shows that seniors from Ansan-city had higher dental prosthesis demands(the average 4.43) than seniors from Seoul(3.96) and the difference was statistically significant(p<0.01). Analysis of the correlation between items represented positive(+) relation in all items and same age distribution. Dental prosthesis has high correlation in every items, but fluorine treatment has low correlation relatively. Correlation between independent variables and dependent variables was slightly high, R=0.356(35.6%). However daily activity, oral heath care and anxiety times showed statistical significances. The result of this study shows that there are significant differences between urban area and semi-urban area. Therefore, authorities need to offer oral health education.

We have developed a data integration system for ground-based space weather facilities in Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI). The data integration system is necessary to analyze and use ground-based space weather data efficiently, and consists of a server system and data monitoring systems. The server system consists of servers such as data acquisition server or web server, and storage. The data monitoring systems include data collecting and processing applications and data display monitors. With the data integration system we operate the Space Weather Monitoring Lab (SWML) where real-time space weather data are displayed and our ground-based observing facilities are monitored. We expect that this data integration system will be used for the highly efficient processing and analysis of the current and future space weather data at KASI.

2000년대 이후 국내의 여러 문화예술 기관들이 창작자의 역량을 지원하기 위해 창작기금뿐만 아니라 다양한 지원 사업을 실시하고 있다. 그 중 2000년대 중반부터 창작자를 발굴하고 중장기 적으로 창작 역량을 지원하는‘예술가 인큐베이팅 프로그램’이 국내에 도입되었다. 본 논문은 신진 안무가를 발굴하여 단계별 교육 및 멘토링 과정을 제공하는 안무가 인큐베이팅 프로그램 에 대한 연구이다. 국내외 안무가 인큐베이팅 프로그램의 현황을 살펴보고 그 중 한국문화예술 위원회의 사례를 심층 분석하여 그 성과를 점검하고 문제점을 도출하였다. 분석결과를 바탕으로 지원체계와 운영방안의 개선점을 제안하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 안무가에게 교육 프로그램을 제공하여 창작 역량을 강화하기 보다는 안무가의 창작 작업을 지원하는 과정에서 필요한 교육과 멘토링을 제공하여 창작자로서의 연구와 작업 기반을 스스로 마련케 함으로써 창작 역량을 강화하는 것이 필요하다. 또한, 확고한 사업 철학을 세우고 이에 부합하는 프로그램을 구체적으로 구성해야 한다. 마지막으로, 안무가의 작업에 대한 멘토링은 상하 수직적 관계가 아니라 작업의 조력 역할을 할 수 있는 시스템으로 개선해야 한다.

PURPOSES: The purpose of this study is to provide the method of how to measure the coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete using temperature compensation principle of electrical resistance strain gauge. METHODS : The gauge factor compensation method and thermal output(temperature-induced apparent strain) correction method of selftemperature compensation gauge were investigated. From the literature review, coefficient of thermal expansion measurement method based on the thermal output differential comparison between reference material(invar) and unknown material(concrete) was suggested. RESULTS: Thermal output is caused by two reasons; first the electrical resistivity of the grid conductor is changed by temperature variation and the second contribution is due to the differential thermal expansion between gauge and the test material. Invar was selected as a reference material and it、s coefficient of thermal expansion was measured as 2.12×10-6m/m/℃. by KS M ISO 11359-2. The reliability of the suggested measurement method was evaluated by the thermal output measurement of invar and mild steel. Finally coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete material for pavement was successfully measured as 15.45×10-6m/m/℃. CONCLUSIONS: The coefficient of thermal expansion measurement method using thermal output differential between invar and unknown concrete material was evaluated by theoretical and experimental aspects. Based on the test results, the proposed method is considered to be reasonable to apply for coefficient of thermal expansion measurement.

Exostosis is a phenomenon of exophytic growth of compact bone, and the oral exostosis, so called a torus is usually found in the lingual or labial areas of mandible and maxilla, and the hard palatal area. It is not a pathological nor tumoral formation but a localized bony protuberance relevant to developmental and environmental origins. However, the pathogenesis of exostosis has not been clearly elucidated so far. In the present study total 51 cases of oral exostosis were examined by radiological, histological, and immunohistochemical methods to observe the osteogenetic potential existed in the sclerosed bony tissue of exostosis. Particularly, the unilateral mandibular exostoses occurred in the vicinity of mandibular primary growth centers which were more prominent than the contralateral ones in the radiological observation. Histologically the peripheral area of exostosis was composed of lamellated bone and covered with periosteal tissue which showed sparse osteoblastic activity, while the central area of exostosis was composed of thickened and anastomosed trabecular bones with small amount of marrow connective tissue. The latter stained blue in Masson trichrome method, while the former stained red. The immunohistochemical reactions of BMP-2, bFGF, CMG2, and TGF-β1 were clearly positive in the central trabecular bones, while almost negative in the peripheral cortical bones of exostosis. These findings may indicate that the central area of exostosis is less mineralized than the peripheral area of exostosis, and the former expresses different osteogenetic proteins to produce bony tissue contrary to the latter. Therefore, it is suggested that the strong osteogenetic potential in the central area of exostosis be relevant to the growth potential of mandibular and maxillary primary growth centers and play an important role for the latent expansile growth of exostosis in adult life.

PURPOSES : Determination of particle packing model variables that can be used for formulation of new DEM based particle packing model by examining existing particle packing models METHODS : Existing particle packing models are thoroughly examined by analytical reformulation and sensitivity analysis in order to set up DEM based new particle packing model and to determine its variables. All model equations considered in this examination are represented with consistent expressions and are compared to each others to find mathematical and conceptual similarity in expressions. RESULTS : From the examination of existing models, it is observed that the models are very similar in their shapes although the derivation of the models may be different. As well, it is observed that variables used in some existing models are comprehensive enough to estimate particle packing but not applicable to DEM simulation. CONCLUSIONS : A set of variables that can be used in DEM based particle packing model is determined.

This is presented general consideration for the establishment and management of germ-plasm collection. The topics addressed concern the establishment of the collection, the acquisition andentry of the plants into the collection, germplasm health issues, a presentation of the various conserva-tion methods available to germplasm collections and collection management procedures. Many impor-tant varieties of field, horticultural, root and tuber crops are ether difficult or impossible to conserve asseeds or reproduce vegetatively. Genetic resources of such plant species are generally conserved in fieldgenebanks. field genebanks provide easy and ready access to conserved material for research as well asfor use. For a number of plant species the alternative methods have not been fully developed so that theycan be effectively used. For many species, field genebank is one of the components of complementarystrategy for the conservation of vegetative germplasm. Despite the importance that field genebank playsin conservation of plant genetic resources, the concepts and scientific principles for establishing andmanaging field genebanks are not very well understood by many plant genetic resources workers. Plant-ing a few plants or tree does not constitute a field genebank. There is more science to it that is needed forcontinue maintenance of genetic diversity in the accessions planted in the field as well as to utilize thediversity being thus maintained. It is well recognized that an appropriate collection and conservationstrategy for a particular plant gene pool requires a holistic approach, combining the different ex situ con-servation techniques available in a complementary manner. Ex situ methods are options available for thedifferent genepool elements that are cultivated species, including landraces and modern varieties, wildrelatives, weedy types, etc. Vegetative germplasm has been maintained in field genebanks may be lostbecause of mite infestations or microbial infections. The level of duplication may also depend on theholdings of other genebanks. Accessions available at another genbank may require fewer duplicates thanunique samples

최근 콘크리트 구조물의 성능 향상과 시공성 개선, 고품질화를 위해 자기충전 콘크리트 (Self-Compacting Concrete, SCC) 또는 고유동 콘크리트에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 콘크리트는 시멘트와 물, 골재, 혼화재료 등 액체와 고체가 다행한 분포로 이루어진 혼합물로써 미립자에서 굵 은 골재까지 넓은 입도분포를 갖는 하나의 복합체이다. 특히 시멘트 페이스트는 다양한 입도의 골재를 결 합해주는 역할을 수행하며, 굳기 전 콘크리트의 시공성 및 흐름, 다짐에 큰 영향을 미친다. SCC와 고유동 콘크리트의 경우 항복응력(Yield Stress)는 최소화 하여 흐름성이 매우 우수해야 하며, 소성점도(Plastic Viscosity)를 적정하게 유지하여 재료분리를 방지해야 한다. 특히 혼화재 특성에 따라 유동성 및 점성의 변화가 크므로 혼합분체에 대한 레올로지 특성을 분석하여 최적 배합을 도출해낼 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 콘크리트 중 시멘트 페이스트의 레올로지 성능에 대한 평가를 위해, 시멘트의 일부를 플라이애시와 실리카흄으로 치환하였다. 플라이애시는 F등급으로 치환율은 10%, 20%로 하였으며, 실리카 퓸은 5%, 10%로 치환하여 수행하였다. 시멘트 페이스트의 레올로지 특성을 평가하기 위해 기본적으로 플로우시험과 V-Funnel 시험을 수행하여 시멘트 페이스트의 기본적인 유동성을 평가하였으며, 레올로지 평가 시험으로 회전점도계(Brooksfiled Viscometer)와 DSR(Dynamic Shear Rheometer)를 활용하여 Shear rate에 따른 Shear Stress, Torque, Viscosity등을 측정하였다. 회전점고계는 원통형 스핀들의 회전속도를 변화시켜 이때 발생하는 토크값을 측정하는 장비로 일반적으로 아스팔트의 점도를 측정하는데 주로 사용된다. DSR실험은 아스팔트 바인더의 복합전단계수와 위상각을 측정하기 위해 많이 사용하는 장비이나 최근 시멘트 페이스트의 레올로지 측정에도 사용된다. 표. 1은 본 연구에서 사용된 시멘트 페이스트의 배합비이며, 플라이애시와 실리카흄을 일정량 치환하 여 시험을 진행하였다. 각각에 배합에 대하여 플로우시험, V-Funnel시험을 수행하였으며, 회전점도계, DSR시험을 수행하여, 각각의 시멘트 페이스트에 대한 소성점도와, 항복응력등을 구해 분체 특성이 레올로지에 미치는 영향을 분석하고 최적배합비에 대한 고찰을 수행하였다.

공항 콘크리트 포장 파손에 영향을 미치는 대표적인 인자는 환경하중과 교통하중이다. 최근의 포장 설 계는 기존 현장 실험을 바탕으로 한 경험적 설계 방법에서 환경하중과 교통하중에 의한 포장 거동을 해석하고 잔존 수명을 예측하는 역학적-경험적 설계 방법으로 전환되고 있다. 이전 연구에서는 공항 콘크리트 포장에 작용하는 온도하중과 수분하중의 서로 다른 환경하중 요소를 슬래브 상하부 간의 온도차이 하나로 합할 수 있는 방법을 제시하였다. 본 논문에서는 FAA에서 제공하는 FEAFAA 프로그램으로 그림 1(a)와 같이 이전 연구에서 개발된 온도와 습도에 의한 등가온도차이, 설계항공기 중 대형항공기에 해당 하는 DDT(Double Duals in Tandem) 기어형상, 포장구조, 재료물성 등의 인자에 따른 응력을 산출하였 다. FEAFAA에서는 결과값을 처리하는 포스트 프로세서를 지원하지 않으므로 그림 1(b)와 같이 Tecplot 사의 Tecplot 360 프로그램을 사용하여 최대인장응력 발생위치와 응력크기를 파악하였다. 본 논문에서는 국내외 공항 설계 시 사용되는 기준으로 입력 변수의 범위를 설정하였고, 작용하는 하중 (환경, 교통)별 입력 변수의 민감도분석을 실시하여 응력에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 환경하중의 경우 지역별 연평균 일교차와 연평균 상대습도가 반영된 등가온도차이를 사용하였으며, 교통하중의 경우 설계 항공기 중 대형항공기에 해당하는 DDT 기어형상을 적용하였다. 이러한 역학적 근거에 따라 국내의 공항 위치별 환경 특성 및 설계항공기 기어 특성이 고려된 응력회귀모형을 개발하였다. 또한 개발된 회귀모형에 인자를 대입하여 얻은 응력과 유한요소해석 프로그램에 인자를 입력하여 산출된 응력의 비교를 통해 회귀모형의 타당성을 검토하였다.