Molten salt reactors represent a promising advancement in nuclear technology due to their potential for enhanced safety, higher efficiency, and reduced nuclear waste. However, the development of structural materials that can survive under severe corrosion environments is crucial. In the present work, pure Ni was deposited on the surface of 316H stainless steel using a directed energy deposition (DED) process. This study aimed to fabricate pure Ni alloy layers on an STS316H alloy substrate. It was observed that low laser power during the deposition of pure Ni on the STS316H substrate could induce stacking defects such as surface irregularities and internal voids, which were confirmed through photographic and SEM analyses. Additionally, the diffusion of Fe and Cr elements from the STS316H substrate into the Ni layers was observed to decrease with increasing Ni deposition height. Analysis of the composition of Cr and Fe components within the Ni deposition structures allows for the prediction of properties such as the corrosion resistance of Ni.

To address the English proficiency of underachieving college students, universities often use in-house language tests. C University lacks specific exams for identification, and relies on students’ English performance in the Korean College Scholastic Aptitude Test (CSAT English). This research explores the potential of the TOEIC Bridge, a standardized English proficiency test developed for middle and high school students, to provide an effective, practical measure for screening underachieving students in English. The study investigates the relationship between TOEIC Bridge and CSAT English performance, evaluating the predictive value of TOEIC Bridge on CSAT outcomes. Analyzing data from 418 students, the study identified (1) a moderate correlation between TOEIC Bridge and CSAT English performance, and (2) predictability of CSAT English performance based on TOEIC Bridge, suggesting that TOEIC Bridge can provide a potential tool to identify underachieving students in English. These findings contribute pedagogical insights for tertiary education.

This study presents a fine scale distribution of the endangered species, Odontobutis obscura, through field surveys and literature reviews. Using the mark-recapture method, the population size in major habitats was determined. Field surveys conducted on 18 streams in Geoje Island revealed that the O. obscura was only found in the main streams and tributaries of the Sanyang, Gucheon, and Buchun Streams, which are part of the Sanyang Stream watershed. The O. obscura exhibited relative abundances ranging from 0.5% to 35.3% at different locations, with certain spots showing higher relative abundances (18.8% to 35.3%), indicating major habitat areas. A review of six literature studies confirmed the presence of the O. obscura, although there were differences in occurrence status depending on the purpose, scope, and duration of the studies. Combining the results of field and literature surveys, it was found that the O. obscura inhabits the main and tributary streams of the Sanyang, Gucheon, and Buchun Streams, from the upper to lower reaches. Currently, the O. obscura population in the Sanyang Stream watershed maintains a stable habitat, but its limited distribution range suggests potential issues such as genetic diversity deficiency in the long term. The population size of the O. obscura was confirmed at two specific locations, with densities of 0.5 to 1.5 individuals per m2. The average movement distance from the release point was 13.1 m, indicating the limited mobility characteristic of ambush predators. Understanding the distribution and population size of endangered species is the first step towards their conservation and protection. Based on this information, further research could significantly contribute to the conservation of the O. obscura.

복숭아혹진딧물의 포식기생자인 콜레마니진디벌의 기능반응을 온도별(15, 20, 25, 30°C) 복숭아혹진딧물 밀도를 달리하여(2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128마리) 평가하였다. 모든 온도 처리에서 콜레마니진디벌은 제 3 유형의 기능반응을 보였다. 30°C에서 공격률(0.0043 day-1)은 높았지만 처 리시간(0.9268 day)은 다른 온도보다 길었다. 추정된 처리시간은 온도가 15°C에서 25°C로 증가할수록 감소하였다. 콜레마니진디벌의 24시간동 안 최대 공격률은 15, 20, 25, 30°C에서 29.1, 31.9, 59.3, 25.9이었다. 온도처리별 복숭아혹진딧물 기생률은 유사한 특징을 나타내었다. 가장 높 은 기생률은 15, 20, 25, 30°C에서 복숭아혹진딧물 32, 32, 16, 32마리에 대해 0.52, 0.54, 0.57, 0.40이었으며 25°C에서 콜레마니진디벌의 기생 력이 가장 높게 나타났다. 본 연구는 복숭아혹진딧물의 생물적 방제원으로서 콜레마니진디벌의 효율성을 여러 온도조건에서 평가하였다.

Purpose: Improving students’ self-confidence is an important strategy in simulation learning. This study aimed to identify the factors influencing students’ self-confidence in simulation learning based on the Jeffries Simulation Framework. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 140 senior nursing students’ at a university, and data were collected through self-reported questionnaires. Data on students’ self-confidence were collected for student/ facilitator factors (satisfaction on major, overall grade average, and facilitator satisfaction), educational practice factors (active learning, collaboration, diverse ways of learning and educational goals), and simulation design characteristics factors (objectives/information, support, problem solving, feedback, and fidelity). Data were analyzed using an independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Results: The regression model had an adjusted R2 of .61, indicating that education goal, active learning, facilitator satisfaction, and fidelity were significant predictors of students’ self-confidence in simulation learning. Conclusion: To increase students' self-confidence with simulation learning strategies, it is necessary to design lessons that include educational goals, active learning, improved student satisfaction with the facilitator and fidelity based on the Jeffries Simulation Framework.

Daemadeung, located in the estuary of the Nakdong River, is formed by sand dunes and possesses well-developed intertidal flats. This study aimed to investigate the habitat of benthic microalgae, photosynthetic pigments, and photosynthetic efficiency in the intertidal flats of Daemadeung from January to December 2011. The inorganic nitrogen content in the sediment pore water was primarily composed of ammonium, while nitrate+nitrite was dominant in the upper layer water. The concentration of chlorophyll a and fucoxanthin in the sediment surface was significantly higher than the mean of all the sediment layer. The average Fv/Fm of benthic microalgae during the entire survey period was 0.52±0.03, with the highest value (0.61±0.08) observed in February. The rETRmax showed a seasonal trend, being high from spring to early autumn (April to October) and low from winter to early spring (January to March, November, December), with the highest value (153.05±2.30 μmol electrons m-2 s-1) in July and the lowest (38.49±5.17 μmol electrons m-2 s-1) in January. The average Fv/Fm of diurnal microalgae was 0.48±0.03, with the highest value (0.61±0.08) observed at noon. The rETRmax showed a highest peak at noon (54.24±11.35 μmol electrons m-2 s-1) and reached its lowest point at 16:00 (26.17±4.75 μmol electrons m-2 s-1). These findings suggest that the productivity of benthic microalgae varies significantly depending on the survey time and sediment depth. Therefore, to quantify the productivity of benthic microalgae using Diving-PAM, surveys should be conducted based on tidal conditions, and simultaneous pigment analysis of sediment layers should also be performed.

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the overall trends and characteristics of emergency response training programs for newly graduated nurses, with a focus on identifying the educational directions necessary to enhance their capabilities in managing emergencies. Methods: We conducted a scoping review using Arksey and O’Malley’s 5-step framework, with a total of six databases searched from April 1—10, 2024. Results: This study identified nine articles published from 2010–2023. The articles’ educational content focuses on various emergencies, prominently featuring cardiopulmonary resuscitation and responses to patients’ conditions. Simulations served as the primary instructional method. The outcomes indicated notable improvements in participants’ performance capabilities and knowledge levels. Conclusion: Emergency response training programs for newly graduated nurses can be designed to provide staged interventions suitable for various patient conditions, with an emphasis on effectively utilizing simulation education. Furthermore, it is essential to diversify program evaluation metrics beyond knowledge and performance skills to include behavioral and outcome evaluations.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of ‘individual coaching’ and ‘L2 learning experiences’ on TOEIC learning among low proficiency learners. Among the 194 college students who received classroom coaching, the 23 students who scored 2 to 6 (out of 25) on Simple TOEIC 1 were given three individual coaching sessions. The effect of coaching was quantitatively proven through the independent samples t-test conducted on the scores of Simple TOEIC 1 and Simple TOEIC 2 between the individual coaching mixed group and the classroom coaching only group. The more individual coaching participants had different types of L2 learning experiences, the more their English achievement improved. In contrast, students who participated in classroom coaching only saw their academic performance decline. During individual coaching, participants who improved their English language achievement had positive learning experiences and feelings (confidence), while those who did not improve their grades experienced negative learning experiences and feelings. The clearer each participant’s learning goals (ideal L2 self) were, the more specific and continuous learning was possible, which was linked to improved English language achievement. Qualitative data from individual coaching sessions revealed the reasons for some participants’ academic success or failure.

본 연구는 한국수어 교육의 양적 확장이 이뤄졌음에도 농인들과의 의사소통이 가능한 청인들이 증가하지 않은 이유를 한국수어 교재의 문제점들에 주목하였다. 한국수어 교재들이 언어학적인 교육과정을 담아내야 한다는 전제하에 한국수어 교재들과 미국수어 교재들을 비교 분석하여 이를 토대로 한국수어 교재의 재구조 화 방안을 제시하는 데에 연구목적을 설정하였다. 분석 대상은 한국수어 교재 12권과 미국수어 교재 2권이었 다. 연구 결과, 외적 구성과 교재 내적인 차원에서의 전체 구성, 학습 내용에서의 주제와 어휘 및 회화 영역에서 한국과 미국 교재들 간의 뚜렷한 차이를 발견하였다. 이에 따른 몇 가지 논의사항은 첫째, 미국수어 교재의 외적 구성은 미국농인이 익숙하며 선호하는 시각적 정보화에 충실했다는 것이다. 둘째, 한국수어 교재들은 미국수어 교재들에 비해 내적 구성에서 ‘계속성’과 ‘계열성’이 미흡하였다. 셋째, 양질의 수어교재 들이 미국에서 개발될 수 있었던 계기들로는 수십 년에 걸친 기초연구들이 뒷받침되어 있었다. 넷째, 언어 교수·학습을 위한 교재가 학습자들에게 유용하도록 짜임새 있게 구성되기 위해서는 언어이론에 근거한 교재를 개발해야 한다. 본 연구의 제언으로는 첫째, 현재 진행 중인 국립국어원에서 발주하여 전문 연구진에 의해 연구되고 있는 한국수어능력 등급별 평가기준 마련, 한국수어교원 2급 교육과정 개선, 한국수어교원 1급 교육과정 개발 등이 최대한 빨리 이뤄져야 한다. 둘째, 미국수어 교재에서 적용하는 농인 친화적인 외적 구성 형태를 모범으로 삼아야 한다. 셋째, 학습 주제, 학습 어휘 및 회화 등 실제 학습 내용을 구성하게끔 하는 한국수어 교육과정의 이론과 방법이 모색되어야 한다. 넷째, 기존 교재들의 재구조화와 그에 따른 향후 신규 개발된 한국수어 교재들을 지속적으로 평가하는 지침과 기준이 마련되어야 한다.

본 연구는 신흥시장에서 활동하는 자회사 CEO의 기업가정신 지향성이 자회사 성과에 미치는 영향에 개방형 혁신과 자회사 자율성이 미치는 매개효과를 검증함으로써, 자회사 성과에 CEO의 특성뿐만 아니라 조직의 특성이 자회사 성과에 어떤 영향을 주는지 살펴보았다. 본 연구는 중동과 중국에 진출한 한국기업 자회사를 상대로 설문 조사를 진행한 후, 305개의 유효표본을 PLS-SEM을 통해 검증을 진행하였다. 첫째, 자회사 CEO 기업가정신 지향성은 자회사 성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 자회사 자율성은 자회사 CEO 기업가정신 지향성과 자회 사 성과의 관계에 매개효과를 주지 못했다. 셋째, 개방형 혁신은 자회사 CEO 기업가정신 지향성과 자회사 성과의 관계에 매개효과를 주는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 CEO의 기업가정신 지향성이라는 특성이 자회사의 조직적 상황 요인에 의한 매개효과를 입증하여 기존 연구를 확장하였다. 추가로, 본 연구는 자회사 CEO의 기업가정신 지향성의 중요성을 밝힘으로써 본사에서 자회사의 CEO를 선정할 때 고려해야 할 주안점을 제시하였고, 신흥시 장에 진출한 자회사의 성과를 증진할 수 있는 방안으로 개방형 혁신을 제안하였다.