Omija (Schizandra chinensis B.) slices were dehydrated with 20, 40, and 60% (w/w) red algae extract (RAE), and 40% of RAE was selected as the proper processing concentration considering the dehydration efficiency and cost of the dehydrating agent. The RAE-treated omija samples were compared with the hot-air dried samples in terms of the qualities such as the rehydration capacity and total phenolic contents. The rehydration ratios of the RAE-treated samples were greater than those of the hot-air dried samples by 31%. The total phenolic contents of the RAE-treated samples (1304.8 mg GAE/100 g) were higher than those of the hot-air dried samples (999.5 mg GAE/100 g). Therefore, omija slices can be dehydrated with RAE without quality loss.

The main purpose of this study is to identify the connection between urban characteristics and food wastes production. As a fundamental work for ‘Resource Recirculation’ in the metropolis, urban indicators is classified into traits of population, land use, residential construction, traffics, industries and economies in detail and then the extracted particular variables illustrate the relation of urban features and organic wastes by classifying urban indicators into traits of population, land use, residential construction, traffics, industries and economies. The scope of research is conducted in seventy-four district (Gu in Korea) in seven metropolises including Seoul to manifest the interrelationship of cities and wastes by correlation and multiple correlation analysis. According to this research, it concludes that the most influential variables for the existing food wastes treatment facility's location is the economic variables, property taxes than the population traits such as the number of population and employees. Particularly, the a noteworthy part is that the household is more critical element of wastes generation than the total population in population features.

This study was conducted to determine the antioxidative activity of Hericium erinaceus (HE) and we investigated that HE extract contributes to cell proliferation and to anti-LPS-induced inflammation. HE extract showed high DPPH free radical scavenging activity. However, the reducing power activity slightly increased in compare with control. Nitrite scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, SOD-like activity of HE were elevated in dose-dependent. The level of total phenolic and flavonoid showed 30.06 mg/100 g and 33.86 mg/100 g, respectively. Linoleic acid oxidation inhibition had reached a maximum level on the fourth day and started to drop from the fifth day. HE extract contributes to cell proliferation on the RAW 264.7 cell. Our finding demonstrated that water extracts of HE possess significant antioxidant activities and may be suggested a new potential source of anti-inflammatory medicines.

This paper presents the image processing technique for analyzing quantitatively air voids in paste. From the test, the performance of proposed technique was verified.

Five specimens were planned and conducted the experimental study in order to understand flexural performance of the pre-stressing hybrid FRP panel. As the result of test, The reinforced specimen with hybrid FRP panel and the pre-stressing specimen show the structural behavior comparison with the non-reinforced specimen

Sprassis crispa was cultivated using soybean curd whey, and its antimicrobial activities were examined against those of eight microorganisms that were foodborne pathogens or food-poisoning bacteria. The culture broth of soybean curd whey was superior in mycelium content (17.76 g/L) to that of the defined culture broth, and the β-glucan content was about 10.64 percent (w/w). The antimicrobial activities of the culture broth were confirmed against those of B. cereus, St. aureus, L. monocytogenes and S. typhimurium using the paper disk method. The antimicrobial activity was also maintained after the heat treatment and alcalase treatment. The filtrate with less than 3 kDa M.W. also showed the antimicrobial activity against four strains: B. cereus, St. aureus, L. monocytogenes and S. typhimurium. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was about 1.26 mg/mL in the B. cereus and 12.6 mg/mL in the St. aureus and L. monocytogenes. The S. typhimurium showed a MIC of 62.8 mg/mL. Thus, the culture of Sparassis crispa using soybean curd whey provides a thermally stable antimicrobial agent that can be used as a natural preservative in the biofood industry.

본 논문에서는 요트 계류장과 같은 소형 해상 부유체의 위기수준을 모니터링하기 위한 확률 기반 위기평가기법(Probability based risk Evaluation Techniques, PET)의 이론적인 접근 방법을 기술하였다. PET는 5단계 척도의 위기 기준을 이용한 위기 판단 절차가 핵심 개념이다. 이러한 5단계 척도들은 폐형 공식을 이용한 해상 부유체 운동의 응답함수에 대한 누적확률분포에서 계산했다. 그리고 위기기준을 갖는 PET의 위기판단 절차를 제안하였다. PET의 유용성 검증을 위하여 시뮬레이션 실험을 하였는데, 실험에는 해상 부유체의 운동 측정에 사용할 ADIS16405 센서의 전기특성을 갖는 모의 신호를 이용하였다. 실험결과, PET의 위기평가 오차는 최대 5.0 수준에서 0.38 수준으로 나타났다. 이 결과로부터 제안한 PET가 모니터링 기법으로 사용 가능함을 확인하였다.

In this study, the quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of mulberry salad dressing prepared with yam juice during storage at 5℃ for four weeks were evaluated. The salad dressing was prepared with a salad base, mulberry, omija, and yam (4:4:6:1 or 4:4:6:3). Fresh yam juice was added to the salad dressing at 0, 7, and 18% levels. After four weeks storage, the pH increased whereas the acidity decreased. As the yam concentration increased, the pH increased to 3.84 and the acidity decreased to 0.14%. The Hunter color L (lightness), b (yellowness), and a (redness) values decreased over the storage period. After four weeks storage, the viscosity increased from 83.2 to 158.5 cp according to the amount of yam juice that was added. The antioxidant activity, such as the DPPH radical scavenging activity, and the total polyphenol content of the salad dressing improved as the yam concentration increased. Moreover, according to the storage time, the peroxide value did not increase. These results show that the mulberry salad dressing to which omija and fresh yam juice were added maintained its freshness with high antioxidative activity during storage.

To check the serviceability of K-UHPC structures, we need the guideline for the allowed crack width in various environment. To setup the guideline, direct tensile test of reinforced K-UHPC tensile members was implemented. The test results show very small crack width, and the allowed values for the ordinary concrete can be used for K-UHPC structures.

In this study, a bridge maintenance system is developed to generate performance based maintenance strategy by considering the life cycle cost(LCC). And it is proposed that the concept of generally annual maintenance are practically and easily used to perform LCC analysis. Some of generally annual maintenance data are suggested through existing data analysis due to the proposed concept and LCC analysis of by a real bridge structures is preformed by comparison with a current approach. This paper presents the development of bridge maintenance strategy and can be utilized as an efficient tool to provide the best economical bridge maintenance scenario corresponding to the various constraints and requirements of bridge agency.

We studied the ozone concentrations generated by low-temperature dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor after adding air and phytoplankton to control the ozone concentrations in seawater. We also examined the numbers of bacteria and Vibrio spp. after treatment using the plasma reactor. As the airflow rate was increased, more ozone was removed. Although marked variation in the ozone decrease was observed with and without airflow, the rate of ozone removal did not increase proportionately with the airflow rates. The ozone concentration decreased with increasing organic matter and time. The amount of organic matter seems to be an important factor decreasing the dissolved ozone concentration in liquid. The ozone concentration was 0.07, 0.32, 1.28, and 2.3 mg/L when operating the plasma reactor for 30, 60, 180, and 300 s, respectively; i.e., the ozone concentration increased with the reactor operating time. The initial numbers of bacteria and Vibrio spp. were 800 and 480 CFU/mL, respectively. After operating the plasma reactor at a flow rate of 6 L/min for 30 s, no bacteria or Vibrio spp. were detected. The disinfection effect of this plasma reactor seems to be superior to that of a conventional ozone generator.

In this study, we devised a regeneration process for deactivated catalyst which used in SCR denitrification facility using sulfuric acid. Catalyst regeneration process using sulfuric acid showed the recovery of the activity of waste catalyst over 80% comparison with new catalyst, and we optimized operating condition through control sulfuric acid concentration and regeneration time. The activity recovery ratio of waste catalyst was revealed at 0.5 M sulfuric acid in regeneration solution, but for the case of higher than 2.5 M of H2SO4 concentration, activity recovery high hest ratio was decreased owing to the elution of active compounds from the catalyst surface. The eluted active compounds were increased for the case of longer regeneration time and higher sulfuric acid concentration. Sulfuric acid concentration and regeneration time were main operating factors in regeneration of waste catalyst. But, the conditions of waste catalyst are affected by the boiler and SCR operating conditions and preliminary tests are needed to check the waste catalyst and decide the regeneration method and process.

본 연구는 대상자의 수가 적고 대조군이 없어 연구결과를 일반화시키기에 제한점이 있으나, 연구결과에서 원예치료 프로그램이 청소년의 자아 존중감과 학교생활적응에 미치는 영향을 검증한 결과 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 이러한 원예치료 프로그램을 대상자와 함께 하는 동안 그들의 변화하는 모습에서 프로그램 실시 전에 비해 프로그램 실시 후 청소년들의 자아존중감과 학교생활적응에 원예치료가 많은 영향력을 미친다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 다양한 식물과 재료를 사용하여 새로운 것에 대하여 경험해보게 하고 새로운 방법을 시도해 볼 수 있도록 하여 청소년들의 건강한 성장과 발달을 위하여 다양한 원예치료 프로그램 개발이 필요하다고 사료된다.

Ground seawater quality was investigated, and the algal growth potential (AGP) tests were performed along the Tongyeong coast to examine the inflow of materials, which is needed for the red tide species Cochlodinium polykrikoides to grow. The study was conducted to determine the mechanism for C. polykrikoidesred tides. Water temperature, salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO) ranged from 16.05 to 20.74°C, 18.20 to 32.11 psu, 6.00 to 7.61, and 3.41 to 7.91 mg/L (41.4– 96.1%), respectively. No seasonal variation was observed in water temperature. The salinity, pH, and DO saturations at most stations were lower than those of coastal seawater at Tongyeong. The NH4 +-N, NO2+3 --N, PO4 3--P concentrations ranged from 0.43 to 16.00μM, 1.50 to 132.38μM, and 1.30 to 6.29μM, respectively; the values at some stations were much higher than observed in Tongyeong coast seawater. Using seawater from station B, C. polykrikoides grew consistently, with a high growth rate, similar to the red tide in nature. This seawater appeared to contain materials needed by C. polykrikoides to grow. Therefore, C. polykrikoides red tides seem to occur wherever the ground sea water contains materials that are needed for its growth.

To evaluate the effect of aging on solar salts produced in Korea, the chemical compositions of the solar salts, including their heavy metal contents, were analyzed after they were aged for one-year (OA) and for three years (TA). The average contents of the components were: sodium chloride; 81.4% (OA) and 90.9% (TA), chloride; 57.7% (OA) and 65.0% (TA), moisture content; 4.7% (TA) and 12.0% (OA), insoluble solids; 0.03% (OA) and 0.04% (TA), and SO4 ions; and 0.57% (TA) and 0.85% (OA). No significant difference was found, however, in the heavy metal contents. Heavy metals such as As, Pb, and Hg were detected with values far below the maximum permissible limit, and Cd was not detected in the salts. The TA solar salts showed higher values of sodium chloride, chloride, and insoluble solids than the OA solar salts, but the TA solar salts had lower moisture and SO4 values. These results clearly indicate that the levels of heavy metals in the OA and TA solar salts that are produced in Korea are safe.

2004년도부터 저온 암꽃 발생이 양호한 모계친 원형수박인 KC계통을 모본으로 하고, 부계는 노란색 과피의 비대가 빠른 HB.Y계통을 선발하여 조합을 작성하였다. 이중 2008년도와 2009년도에 2년간 조합작성 및 조합능력을 검정한 결과 한 개의 조합을 선발하였다. 2009년 가을파종에 선발된 조합을 시교생산을 하여 2010년도에 생산력검정 및 차대검정을 하였던바 균일성 및 생산성이 좋아 새로운 품종으로 충분한 가치가 있다고 판단되어 “조생노란꿀수박”으로 명명 하였다. “조생노란꿀수박” 품종의 특성으로는 과의 형태는 단타원형의 중대과종이고, 황색의 외피에 과육색은 연한 빨강색이며 당도가 매우 높다. 생육초기에는 잎이 연한 녹색이나 착과 후에는 노란색으로 변한다. 저온에서 암꽃 발생이 좋으며 과의 비대가 좋다.