중국전통민가건축은 다양화의 특점이 있다. 중국은 국토가 광활하고 다양한 지리환경이 있으며 따라서 생산생활방법과 종교신앙은 직접적으로 부동한 민족과 지역의 주거문화를 이루었다. 이런 다양한 전통민가건축은 중요한 역사문화유산으로 매우 높은 기술과 예술가치를 가진다. 북경전통사합원은 길림조선족주민은 각기 화북지역과 동북지역의 대표적인 건축으로 이들은 제각기 다른 지역요소와 기후요소의 영향을 받았고 따라서 서로 다른 지역특점을 가지고 있다. 이외에 문화학습 전통재료 및 민간 기예 등 면에서도 차이를 보이고 있다. 따라서 이런 차이점은 서로 다른 주거문화의 특성을 보여준다.

To precisely assemble the fuel test rod, an orbital TIG welding system was designed and developed to accurately conduct orbital TIG welding for the nuclear fuel test rod. Using this system, a welding process needs to confirm the welding properties for orbital TIG welding. Therefore, preliminary weld tests were performed on the cladding tubes under various conditions, and the results show that the width and depth of HAZ of the cladding specimen welded using identical power during an orbital TIG welding cycle was continuously increased from a welded start-point to a welded end-point because of heat accumulation. The performance tests were conducted under the welding conditions considered through preliminary welding tests, and the properties of the specimens were conformed through surface and microstructure analyses.

This paper is concerned with the optimal design of hyperbaric oxygen therapy system chamber with separated rooms for multi-users using stress analysis. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is very important medical remedy for increasing the concentration of melted oxygen in human and animal body to recover the impaired cell for the healthy condition. This research proposed the proper procedures to design the physical specifications and investigate the mechanical design safety of hyperbaric oxygen chamber with two separated rooms using computational stress analysis with Solidworks program. The result of this research will be used to make the real size model of practical hyperbaric oxygen therapy system for multi-users with separated chamber.

The Air-shiter is a new products possible ventilation at the same time cooling or heating with integrated refrigeration and ventilation units. and is a key component of the air shifter devices and bypass damper. The air shifter devices are to convert the outdoor air, room air, supply air and exhaust air flow. And the bypass damper is device to determine a ventilation. After research and development of these systems were as follows. It is confirmed that the Air-shiter is possible ventilation at the same time cooling or heating, and outdoor air cooling in the spring or fall.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of awareness and knowledge of the efficacy of carbonated water on consumption patterns and satisfaction for college students, who are the principal consumers of carbonated water. A survey was conducted with 502 college students in the Metropolitan area from May 13 to 18, 2015 and 455 questionnaires were analyzed. As for the differences in awareness and knowledge of the efficacy of carbonated water according to gender, females (14.60 and 0.76) had better awareness and knowledge than males (13.40 and 0.58) (p=0.000 and p=0.036). The more positive the awareness of carbonated water, the greater the knowledge (p=0.000); the greater the knowledge of carbonated water, the higher level of consumption satisfaction (p=0.006). The odds ratio of awareness for carbonated water was 11.98; that is, positive awareness led to higher levels of satisfaction than negative awareness (p=0.003). Since awareness of the efficacy of carbonated water was found to affect carbonated water drinking and satisfaction, it is necessary to provide correct information about the efficacy of carbonated water.

This study was conducted to provide desirable way on the eating of sugar foods, specifically the differences between dietary attitude, dietary behaviors and intake frequency. Data was collected from 279 middle students in the Incheon region through a self-administered questionnaire. According to the results of the reliability and factor analysis, the dietary attitude, dietary behaviors and intake frequency was 3.52, 2.89 and 2.51, with a Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.867, 0.789, 0.940 and KMO of 0.899. Factor analysis extracted three components of the sugar preference, which we named dietary attitude (factor 1), dietary behaviors (factor 2), and intake frequency (factor 3). The dietary attitude and dietary behaviors showed a significant difference between sugar preference and non-preference (p<0.05). Also, intake frequency of sugar food showed a significant differences in chocolate, chocolate products, and ice cream between sugar preference and non-preference (p<0.05), whereas no significant differences were found in cake, bread kinds, juice, sweetness milk, yogurt between sugar preference and non-preference (p>0.05). A significant positive result of intake frequency of sugar food (p<0.05) was shown for the dietary attitude, BMI, weight, and monthly pocket money. Based on this study, the reduction of sugar intake is needed especially for middle students

The present study was designed to investigate health-related life habits, food preference, body composition for proper dietary habits, health promotion of communities in Incheon area. The effects of personal characteristics and health-related life habits such as gender, age, having breakfast, smoking, drinking, and exercise were analyzed using a surveying. 961 community subjects (262 males and 699 females) were investigated using a questionnaire and Inbody. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi squared test, and one-way ANOVA (analysis of variation) with SPSS/WIN 21.0. The result of gender distribution showed there were 262 males and 699 females, and with respect to the effect of gender on healthrelated life habits, smoking, drinking, and exercise showed significant differences (p<0.05), whereas having breakfast was not significantly difference (p>0.05). Therefore, the present provide evidence of a relationship between health-related life habits and gender. Regarding the effect of BMI on health-related life habits, exercise showed significant differences (p<0.05), whereas smoking, drinking, and having breakfast were not significantly difference (p>0.05). Thus, the present study also provides evidence of a relationship between health-related life habits and BMI. Our analysis shows that food preference and body composition were significant different from health-related life habits such as smoking, drinking, exercise, and having breakfast (p<0.05). Our analysis showed that body composition was significant differences from health related habits such as smoking, drinking, exercise, and breakfast (p<0.05). In conclusion, the present study suggests that diet guidelines support and improve health promotion designed by communities.

In order to determine the material characteristics of pork rinds according to the breeds, the chemical composition, color, pH, collagen contents, shear force, fatty acid and amino acid contents of pork rinds were investigated. White pork rinds (WPR) and black pork rinds (BPR) were evaluated before and after heating to compare the differences between breeds and the effects of heating treatment. In the chemical composition test, the respective moisture contents for WPR and BPR before heating were 49.90% and 53.75% but increased to 60.75% and 61.09% after heating. The test for crude protein and crude fat contents showed lower values after heating but WPR was higher than BPR. In the color test, the L value decreased rapidly with heating, dropping from 68.75 to 45.11 in WPR and from 67.22 to 49.64 in BPR. WPR had a higher L value and a lower a value than BPR before heating but had a higher L value and a lower a value than WPR after heating. pH was significantly higher in WPR than BPR regardless of heating (p<0.05). The collagen content for WPR and BPR was 10.38 g/100 g and 11.54 g/100 g but increased to 12.00 g/100 g in WPR and decreased to 11.40 g/100 g in BPR after heating. The shear force of 26.14 kgf in WPR was significantly higher than 12.89 kgf in BPR before heating (p<0.05), but the values decreased significantly after heating in both WPR and BPR. Linoleic acid in WPR was 17.29%, which was higher than 15.13% in BPR. The USFA for BPR was also higher than WPR. In amino acid composition, the EAA contents in WPR was 7,190 mg%, which was higher than 5,520 mg% in BPR.

This study was performed to investigate the phyico-chemical characteristics of breast meat from spent hens (SP) in comparison with the same part from the broilers (BR). The moisture and crude protein contents for SP were 72.56% and 24.26%, which were lower than 75.87% and 24.64% for BR. Crude fat and crude ash contents in SP were 0.45% and 1.00%, which were higher than the BR contents of 0.41% and 0.51%. The respective L, a and b value for SP were 48.61, 2.40 and 2.42, which were lower than the BR values of 49.41, 1.45 and 3.06 respectively. The pH for SP was 5.89, which was higher than pH 5.79 for BR. The WHC for SP was 50.29%, which was lower than that of BR at 62.31%. SP scored 28.04% in the heating loss test, which was significantly higher than 19.09% for BR. The shear forces for SP and BR were 4.86 kg and 1.36 kg respectively, which meant that the texture of SP was much tougher than that of BR. Hardness for SP was 8.89 kg while that of BR was 3.92 kg indicating that the SP texture is firmer than that of BR. Oleic acid was most abundant fatty acid in both samples and was at 44.15% in SP and 27.68% in BR.

As consumers are aware of their health and are more conscious of environmental conditions, there is an increasing demand for agri-foods obtained from organic agricultural practices. The present study aimed to investigate the physicochemical quality characteristics of blueberries. The weight, length, moisture contents, color (Hunter L, a, b), soluble solids contents, pH, and acidity were measured for their quality characteristics. In addition, ABTS radical scavenging activity was analyzed for antioxidant activities of organically and conventionally grown blueberries. Organically grown blueberries showed a greater weight, soluble solid contents, and pH than conventionally grown ones. Especially, organically grown blueberries showed significantly (p<0.05) higher weight and pH. Moisture contents of organically and conventionally grown blueberries were similar. L and b values of organically grown blueberries were higher than those of conventionally grown blueberries. ABTS radical scavenging activities of organically grown blueberries (36.4%) were higher than those of conventionally grown ones (36.4%), but the difference was not significant. Further studies are recommended to evaluate other differences between organically and conventionally grown blueberries.

This study investigated the effect of cooking class on improvement of eating behaviors and satisfaction with cooking activities in children. The questionnaires developed for this study were distributed to 380 mothers during June to August, 2011. A total of 286 questionnaires were used for analysis (81.7%), and frequency analysis, ANOVA, and χ2-test were completed using SPSS (version 14.0) software. The children with cooking experience (52.7%) showed more improvement of eating habits than children with no cooking experience (36.4%). Both types of children showed an ‘unbalanced diet’ with respect to eating habits. The overall satisfaction level was an average of 3.84±0.62. The effects after cooking activities varied for different aspects of improvement of eating habits: ‘Correcting unbalanced diet’ was 4.26±0.66, ‘nutrition knowledge’ was 4.06±0.70, ‘dining etiquette’ was 4.09±0.63, and ‘regular meals’ was 4.15±0.73. There was a significant difference between genders with regards to correcting unbalanced diet with vegetables (p<0.01). Ages from 10 to 12 were able to improve unbalanced diet with ‘grains’ (p<0.001), while ‘Kimchi’ (p<0.05) and ‘paste’ for ages from 10 to 12. In conclusion, cooking activities are regarded as effective in correcting unbalanced diet and eliciting positive changes in eating behavior.

Purpose: this study was to investigate the correlation between sleep, self-efficacy and intuition among nursing students. Methods: data were obtained from 144 nursing students with 3rd and 4th during Oct and Dec, 2008. Data were collected using by several measurement tools which were Oh's Korean Sleep scale A, Sherer's General Self-efficacy scale, and Smith Intuition instrument. Results: the results showed that there was difference between the grade and self-efficacy, difference between religion and sleep, between religion and self-efficacy, and between perceived health status and sleep. The correlation between sleep and self-efficacy was positive correlation. Conclusion: it has to develop the nursing intervention program to improve sleep and self-efficacy for nursing students. And then, nursing students will have the competence to reduce stress and anxiety about clinical practicum and overload of studying. For further research, it should to study the relationship between sleep, self-efficacy and intuition among nurses.

이 글은 기존의 연구 성과를 토대로 신라가 동해안을 따라 영역을 확대한 과정을 지리적 조건이나 육로 ․ 해로와 관련하여 살펴본 것이다. 특히 동해안 해로의 중심으로 삼척의 역사적 위상을 주목하였다. 신라는 소지마립간 9년(487)에 왕경을 중심으로 전국에 걸친 官道를 수리하였 다. 이미 1세기 중반∼2세기 초반에 탈해이사금이 등장하고 음즙벌국을 정복하면서 동로와 북로가 개설되었다. 신라는 당시에 실직곡국을 정복하면서 북로를 신라의 영역을 확대하는 주요 통로로 중시하였다. 지증마립간 6년(505)에 수로와 해로를 매개로 이루어지는 운송과 교역, 군사 활동의 이점을 높이려는 방안으로 ‘舟楫之利’가 제정되었다. 동시에 삼척과 흥해, 영 천 등지에 12곳의 성을 쌓은 뒤에 실직을 주로 삼고 군주를 두었다. 신라는 6세기에 해로의 정비와 관련하여 삼척을 강조하였다. 동해의 해안선은 육로로 통행하기가 쉽지 않았다. 하지만 灣이 잘 형성되지 않 았기에 큰 항구가 발달하기도 어려웠다. 다만 양양, 강릉, 삼척, 흥해, 영일, 포항 등지에는 하천 유역에 제법 넓은 평지에 형성되었다. 삼척은 바닷가에 연접하였으면서도 오십천을 통해 낙동강 상류는 물론 남한강 상류로 가는 육상교통로를 갖추었으며, 넓지는 않지만 오십천의 하구를 군항이나 수군 양성 기지로 쓸 수 있었다. 이러한 지리적 조건에 따라 지증마립간은 삼척에 주를 두고 이사부를 주둔시 켰다. 지증마립간 13년(512)에 이사부는 우산국을 정벌하였다. 그는 지도로왕 때 沿 邊의 관리를 맡아 내륙수로는 물론 해로에도 익숙하였고, 연안 해로는 물론 원양 해로에도 익숙하였다. 그는 왕경과 가까워 기밀을 유지하기에 편리하면서 선박 제 작에 필요한 수림이 울창하였던 흥해 일대에 주목하여 선박의 제조와 수군의 양성을 주도하였다. 나아가 연안 해로를 따라 선박과 수군 등 인적․물적 자원을 운송하여 삼척을 동해안 최대 군항으로 활용하였다. 그런 다음에 원양 해로를 이용 하여 우산국을 정벌하였다. 이사부의 우산국 정복은 신라의 동해안 인식을 확고하게 하였다. 신라 왕실은 삼척을 중심으로 한 동해안 인식을 꾸준히 유지하였다. 삼국통일 전후에 왕실과 緣故된 의상과 원효, 진표 등은 낙산사와 고성군을 찾았다. 그들은 무열왕 5년에 삼척에 설치한 北鎭에서 연안 해로를 따라 북상하였다. 신라 말에 헌강왕은 일본의 사신 파견과 관련하여 울산 일대의 항구와 포구에 관심을 가졌다. 더불어 신라 北邊의 상황과 관련하여 삼척에도 적지 않은 관심을 가졌다. 그 것은 삼화사와 관련되어 나타났다. 당시 왕실과 결연한 해인사 승려 決言은 860년 쯤에 삼척 삼화사 철불 조성에 깊이 관여하였다. 당시의 해인사 승려들은 헌강 왕은 물론 정강왕이 주관한 선왕의 명복을 기원하는 佛事를 주도하였다. 자연히 신라 왕실은 삼화사를 통해서 삼척에 대한 영향력을 유지하려고 하였다. 삼척은 동해안 일대의 여러 군현 가운데 신라의 영역 확대는 물론 신라 국가의 안녕과 관련하여 오랫동안 끊임없이 주목되었던 곳이었다.

In recent years, there was many conflagration about special structure such as wooden cultural assets, warehouses and factories. The common causes of increase in the fire damage were difficulty of the initial suppression and absence of equipment for appropriate disaster prevention. A prediction of the air injection diameter of the destruction-spray nozzle, a core technology of destruction-spray fire vehicle which is possible for fire suppression of special structure were studied. As a result, changes in water flow according to the air injection diameter is not large, but air flow rate showed a difference more than up to four times. And then, through the result data of the flow analysis, the air injection diameter was obtained in the target mix ratio of the air according to the water injection pressure. Finally, by the formula derivation for the air injection diameter of target mix ratio of the air, the air injection diameter according to the water injection pressure change could be predicted within an error of 10%.

This study was conducted to provide fundamental data on the awareness of radiation, specifically the differences between general awareness, psychological state and harmful effects. Data was collected from 334 University students in the Chungbuk region through a self-administered questionnaire. According to the results of the reliability and factor analysis, the awareness of radiation was 2.80, with a Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.815 and KMO of 0.798. Factor analysis extracted three components of the awareness of radiation, which we named general awareness (factor 1), psychological state (factor 2), and harmful effect (factor 3). There were significant differences in the general awareness of natural radiation and radiation-containing foods (p<0.05), whereas no significant differences were found in the general awareness of radiation food supply (p>0.05). Also, the psychological state showed a significant difference in exposure inspection, future exposure, and radiation-containing food (p<0.05), whereas no significant differences were found in the refusal of radiation inspection (p>0.05). The harmful effects showed a significant difference in the rejection of radiation (p<0.05), but no significant differences in the cancer and genetic effects, diseases and physical harmfulness (p>0.05). A significant positive result (p<0.05) was found for the psychological state according to the harmful effects of radiation. Based on this study, detailed and continuous education must be accomplished by increasing the awareness of radiation and the acceptance level, conveying a proper understanding of radiation and assisting subjects with receiving the information they desire through various educational mediums.

본 연구는 동결 건조한 모시잎 분말을 돈육패티에 첨가하여, 이들 제품에 미치는 품질특성을 평가하고자 하였다. 모시잎 분말의 일반성분은 수분 함량 4.67%(w/w), 조단백질 25.61%(w/w), 조지방 6.665%(w/w), 조회분 16.88%(w/w)로 나타났다. 모시잎 분말을 첨가한 돈육패티의 수분 함량은 분말의 첨가량이 증가될수록 감소하는 경향을 보였다. pH는 6.06~6.18로 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 색도는 생육 패티에서 모시잎 분말의 첨가량이 증가할수록 명도와 적색도는 유의적(p<0.001)으로 감소하고, 황색도는 유의적(p<0.001)으로 증가하였으며, 가열육 패티에서 모시잎 분말의 첨가량이 증가할수록 명도(p<0.001)와 적색도는 감소하고, 황색도는 0.75%(w/w) 첨가군에서 가장 높은 값을 보였다(p<0.05). 물성 특성은 모시잎 분말의 첨가량이 증가할수록 경도, 탄력성, 응집성, 씹힘성에서 유의적으로 증가하였다. 지질산패도(TBARS)는 저장 기간의 경과에 따라 측정 값들이 증가하였으며, 모시잎 분말의 첨가량이 증가할수록 유의적(p<0.001)으로 낮은 TBARS 값을 보여 지질산패에 효과적으로 나타났다. 관능적 특성으로 색감에서는 모시잎 분말의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 유의적(p<0.05)인 경향을 보였으며, 전반적인 기호도에서는 모시잎 분말 0.5%(w/w) 첨가군에서 유의적(p<0.01)인 경향을 보이며 가장 높은 기호도를 나타내었다. 본 연구를 통해 돈육패티 제조 시 모시잎 분말을 0.5%(w/w) 정도 첨가하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 사료되며, 돈육패티에 모시잎 분말을 첨가함에 따라 돈육 특유의 이취를 감소시키며, 색상과 맛 등의 기호도를 향상시켜 관능적 품질을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 보이며, 관능적 평가뿐만 아니라, 저장 중 지방산패를 억제할 수 있을 것으로 보인다.