Non processed onion (Allium cepa L.) powder or onion powder processed with β-cyclodextrin+1% calcium chloride+1% soluble starch solution was added to the diet of 16 week old Wistar and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) for 5 weeks. 36 SHR and Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 diet groups, each of six. They were named control, NPO (non processed onion), PO (processed onion). The rats of the control group were fed diet without onion powder. To NPO and PO groups were added 5% of non processed onion and processed onion, respectively. Body weight gain, food efficiency ratio (FER), blood pressure, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity and Na excretion of urine and feces were analyzed. The processed onion and non processed onion diet reduced body weight gain without affeting the total food intake in Wistar rats (p〈0.05). The body weight gain was lowest in Wistar rats fed with a diet with processed onion powder. The rats fed with diet containing PO or NPO had lower blood systolic blood pressure in SHR (p〈0.05). The effect of onion powder on decreasing the blood pressure was not significant in Wistar rats. The ACE activity in lung was lowered in the SHR fed with either PO or NPO (p〈0.05) compared to those fed with control diet. The urinary Na excretion was significantly lower in SHR than Wistar rats. The effects of PO and NPO on increasing the urinary and fecal excretion of Na were significant (p〈0.05). These results suggest that onion processed with β-cyclodextrin+1%+1% calcium chloride+1% soluble starch solution to reduce volatile flavor, browning and caking preserves an antihypertensive effect of non processed onion.

본 연구는 꼬마잠자리 서식처의 자연환경을 조사하고, 생물종의 복원과 유지를 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자 수행하였다. 꼬마잠자리는 잠자리과에 속하는 초소형 잠자리로서 우리나라에서는 멸종위기 보호야생동식물로 분류되어 보호되고 있다. 국내의 서식처는 중남부 일부 지역에 매우 희소하게 분포되어 있는 것으로 알려졌다. 이러한 멸종위기종인 꼬마잠자리의 서식처 복원을 위한 자료수집을 위해 꼬마잠자리의 서식이 확인된 4개 지역 10개 지점의 경관, 서식처 면적, 식생 유형, 수환경, 수원 등을 조사하였다. 조사는 2006년 6월부터 2007년 8월에 걸쳐 이루어졌다. 꼬마잠자리의 서식처는 대부분 산지의 묵논에 위치하고 있었으며, 서식처 면적은 113.4m2~1,153.1m2로 나타났다. 식생은 골풀과 고마리가 우점종으로 나타났으며, 수심은 2.6~7.3cm 사이였고, 수온은 16~27.8℃이었다. 꼬마잠자리의 서식처는 고산 습지에 위치하는 것으로 보고된 바 있으나, 조사 결과 해발 고도 139~243m 사이의 지역에 서식하고 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 결론적으로 꼬마잠자리의 서식처는 주변이 위요된 육화되기 전의 빈영양화 초기 단계의 묵논과 같은 습지에 복원되어야 하며, 꼬마잠자리는 다른 잠자리보다 환경에 예민한 습성을 가지고 있기 때문에 이러한 사항들을 고려하여 서식처 복원에 접근하는 것이 필요하다.

Accuracy of dietary assessment depends on correct estimation of quantity as well as correct data on composition of the products. Milk and soymilk were considered quite homogeneous in items of package size and composition. One serving size of fluid milk and soymilk is considered 200 mL but there are products with different amounts on the market. This study was conducted to investigate variations of amounts and composition of fluid milk and soymilk products of one portion siz on Korean market. Twenty-nine milk products were purchased and categorized into 8 groups-regular, low-fat, skim, chocolate, strawberry-flavored, banana-flavored, and black soybean-added. Sixteen fluid soymilk products were purchased and categorized into 4 groups-regular, infant, black sesame or black soybean added and others. Actual volume of each product was measured by mass cylinder and compositions of major nutrients on the package were compared to the values in the most widely used nutrient DB in Korea. Amounts of milk specified on the package of purchased products were 182.3-318.5 ml, the largest being banana-flavored milk. Amounts of soy milk were 184.3-240.5 mL, the largest being regular soymilk. Measured amount of each products were close to the amount on the package (<5%). Contents of macronutrients on the package were different from the food composition table in several products. The amounts of calcium varied greatly among the products due to the popularity of adding calcium to milk and soymilk products recently. These variations in the amount and contents of major nutrients in milk and soymilk products can lead to considerable error to the results of dietary assessment unless the amount and the composition of each product are regularly updated in the food composition table whenever the new products are introduced in the market.

본 연구에서는 El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) 발달과 소멸의 영향에 따른 태풍 강도와 태풍 발생지역의 상관성을 살펴보았다. 1950년부터 2006년까지의 장기간 자료를 이용하였으며, 먼저 엘니뇨 발달해와 정상해를 정의하였다. 엘니뇨 발달해 동안에 태풍 강도와 태풍 발생지역이 높은 상관성을 나타내고 이는 누적 저기압 에너지와 태풍 에너지 강도가 증가한 결과이다. Niño 3.4 지역의 해수면 온도를 기준으로 한 경우 엘니뇨 발달해에는, category 4+5에 해당하는 태풍의 발생지역이 동쪽으로 치우쳐 나타난다. 태풍 발생 잠재 함수와 하층의 저기압성 회전성은 태풍급에 해당하는 강도로 발달할 수 있는 강한 열대성 저기압의 발생에 중요한 요소가 된다. 본 논문에서는 역학적 잠재력[DP, Gray(1977)]과 MJO의 EOF 첫 번째 모드와 두 번째 모드의 시계열에 해당하는 RMM1, RMM2 (Wheeler and Hendon, 2004)를 이용하여 태풍 발생의 잠재함수와 대기 하층의 저기압성 회전성을 측정하였다. ENSO가 발달하는 해와 소멸하는 해와 영향을 찾아보기 위하여 엘니뇨가 소멸이 급격히 일어나 라니냐로 전환되는 Type I과 정상해로 회복하는 Type II를 정의하였다. Type I의 엘니뇨 소멸기간 동안에는 DP값과 RMM1, RMM2의 발달이 현저하게 서쪽으로 치우쳐 나타나며 강한 태풍의 발달을 지체시킴을 알 수 있었다.

Ni-20Cr-20Fe-5Nb alloy with or without was manufactured by mechanical alloying process and consolidated by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The grain size of the alloy with was smaller than that of alloy without which results from the effect of suppressing grain growth. The tensile strength at room temperature was increased by the addition of but decreased abruptly at temperature above . It seems to result from the change of deformation mechanism due to fine grain size, that is, grain boundary sliding is predominant at above while internal dislocation movement is predominant at below . After conventional heat treatment process of solution treatment and aging, a small amount of phase was formed in Ni-20Cr-20Fe-5Nb alloy while a large amount of was formed in Inconel 718 in the previous report. This is due to exhaustion of Nb content by the formation of NbC during consolidation.

In order to evaluate the biodegradability of bait used in the pot for swimming crab, water tank experiments were conducted. Mackerel is the most commonly used natural form of bait to catch the swimming crabs, and therefore was used in this experiment for the biodegradability according to the manufacturing process of the bait. From the biodegradability test on chemical oxygen demand(COD), total nitrogen(T - N), total phosphorus(T - P), ammoniac nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen per unit weight of the bait based on the production rate and the accumulated amount of pollutants, it was concluded that the smaller the size of the mackerel pieces, the higher the production rate and accumulated amount of organic matter and nutrients which was unfavorable to water pollution. The amount of pollutants released from the intestine of the tuna was similar with that from the whole mackerel. For the operation period of 111 days, the accumulated concentrations of tested pollutants from the tuna which were 67.3 mgCOD/g d, 86.4 mgT N/g d, 3.1 mgT - P/g d, were almost half comparing with those from the mackerel which were 65.7 - 94.4 mgCOD/g d, 83.8 - 109.4 mgT - N/g d, 3.1 - 5.2 mgT - P/g d. The amount of pollutants released from the intestine of the tuna was slightly less than that from the mackerel that was cut into 8 pieces. but more than that from the mackerel which was not cut into pieces. Therefore, it can be concluded that the key factor in determining water pollution potential is not the kind of bait, but the processing or preparation method used.

The purpose of this study was to examine the satisfaction level of military personnels dispatched to Iraq with foodservices in a bid to help establish an efficient overseas military foodservice system. A total of 300 soldiers who served in an army division dispatched to Iraq was surveyed for this study. Regarding connections between the type of management and satisfaction level with foodservices, the contracted cafeterias were more satisfactory in terms of service than the military selfoperated ones, which indicated that it’s urgently needed to improve the service of the military-run cafeterias. The present work force of the Ministry of Defence makes it hard to provide military personnels with specialized foodservices. The military foodservice should provide meals to soldiers with quality. More branded concepts should be improved in the view of cost and effect. Or it’s advisable to take advantage of private resources as part of efforts for civil-military collaboration.

The purpose of this study is to analyse influential relevance of systematic, behavioral and environmental factors in deliberation for budget of the Gyeonggi Provincial councilors. A result of the analysis indicate that the council is formed mostly by members who are highly educated, newly elected and belong to the Hannara Party. Looking at the realities of the budget deliberation process, (1) inquiry period is short, (2) formation of the network collecting relevant information through regional connections (.81) is high, and (3) com·mon·place inquiry by questioning and answering (4) councilor's speaking that is based on political disposition, and (5) individual variation is big (6) deliberation ability (.37) that is required to slash the budget rationally through professional knowledge and effort is lacking. In order to solve, first, In view of the executives, establish a business program on the ground of result oriented performance principle. second, Period of the regular session should be extended and residents must elect members whose role awareness and public service spirit is high.

Microstructural evolution and the intermetallic compound (IMC) growth kinetics in an Au stud bump were studied via isothermal aging at 120, 150, and 180˚C for 300hrs. The AlAu4 phase was observed in an Al pad/Au stud interface, and its thickness was kept constant during the aging treatment. AuSn, AuSn2, and AuSn4 phases formed at interface between the Au stud and Sn. AuSn2, AuSn2/AuSn4, and AuSn phases dominantly grew as the aging time increased at 120˚C, 150˚C, and 180˚C, respectively, while (Au,Cu)6Sn5/Cu3Sn phases formed at Sn/Cu interface with a negligible growth rate. Kirkendall voids formed at AlAu4/Au, Au/Au-Sn IMC, and Cu3Sn/Cu interfaces and propagated continuously as the time increased. The apparent activation energy for the overall growth of the Au-Sn IMC was estimated to be 1.04 eV.

Timoshenko의 전통적인 보 이론에 근거한 유한 요소의 전단 잠김 현상을 해결하기 위하여 가정 변형도법을 적용한 7자유도 공간 박벽 뼈대요소를 개발하였다. 2개의 노드를 갖는 직선 보요소에서 한 요소내의 변형도가 일정하다고 가정하여 형상함수를 유도하고 이를 바탕으로 가상일의 원리에 따라 강성행렬을 구성하였다. Corotational 기하 비선형 해석법을 이용하여 불평형 하중을 산정하였으며 부재 길이의 비선형 효과를 반영하기 위하여 bowing effect를 정밀하게 고려하였다. 일축 비대칭 단면을 갖는 곡선 외팔보와 이축 비대칭 단면을 갖는 직선 외팔보에 대하여 횡-비틀림 좌굴에 의한 안정 해석과 후좌굴 해석을 수행한 결과 ABAQUS 쉘요소와 좋은 일치를 보여 주었다.

This research aimed to Kimchi to be well known in the World, which to be international food on the each nation and each people, each religion cultural area, with having done Kimchi adaptation plan for localization. Among the plan, Kimchi utilization ways with the localization strategy in Turkish dietary life were investigated to the Kimchi preference, improvement points on Turkish view, for the Turkey person it would be able to apply in Turkish food culture, and the results are as follows. 1. According to sex of Chinese cabbage Kimchi preference, men (M=3.75 ± 0.89) appeared higher than women (M=3.62 ± 0.88). Color or appearance preference after Chinese cabbage Kimchi taste was investigated in order that red 〉 burnish felt 〉 transparent 〉 yellow, and the smell preference which was hot(M=4.64 ± 1.37) appeared highest. A hot taste felt most intensely, and it was investigated in order that aftertaste〉 salty taste 〉 sourness 〉 off flavor taste 〉 fermented fish source taste 〉 sweetness〉 carbonic acid by the followings. For the feeling of texture of Kimchi, the crunch was higher than durable tough(it was visible the consider difference of the sex 2. That the Korean Kimchi hit to a palatable taste, against 109 people (72.2%) answered suitable appetite to this taste, and the reason which was in order of that hot tasty 〉 appearance 〉 chewing texture 〉 red 〉 fermented flavor was investigated. Did not hit to a taste 42 people (27.8%) answer back, with the reason that was investigated in order of hot tasty 〉 appearance 〉 red 〉 fermented flavor 〉 chewing texture. The hot tasty of Kimchi was commonly presented that hit and did not hit to appetite taste against people. 3. Among the Turkish food, similar foods for Kimchi were answered in order of Lahana Tursu (44.2 %) 〉 Kapuska (25.9 %) 〉 Lahana Prasa (11.1%), and similar food category were that Chinese cabbage or various vegetables to be pickling food and to be dressing salad with salt and vinegar. The accompanied or garnished Turkich food category for Kimchi were answered in order of cooking meat (34.1%)〉 steamed cooking rice (22.7%)〉 cooking fish (17.0%)〉 cooking soybean (14.2%). This result was same tendency with steamed cooking rice accompaniment for Kimchi in Korea and Turkey, and could be applied a new main menu like meat cooking and fish cooking dish which matched and accompanied with Kimchi.

A technological trend of treating or preventing the cardiovascular diseases has reviewed on 381 domestic and foreign patents from the year 1980 to June, 2007. Primarily focused upon countries such as Korea, Japan and the United States; the leading nations concerning cardiovascular disease, this paper delved into a systematic research of the cardiovascular disease utilizing research focused database and research analysts. Korea was showing increased development in the diet and cardiovascular related areas as shown by increase in related patent caseloads and submission since the 2000. Especially within the area of food production, there had been an increase of market share by up to 50% and the frequency of patent submission had also increased. Japan was showing similar trend as Korea with its increase in research, but the only difference was that Japan was focused more upon medical supplies. With the United States, there was no real consistency with the number of patents, therefore harder to make an accurate assessment.

Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) treatment was performed on cast Mg-6 wt%Al alloy solution-treated at 693K for 16h and aged at 498K. The surface roughness, thickness, micro-hardness, wear and corrosion properties of coatings on solution-treated and aged Mg-6 wt%Al alloy were investigated. The coatings on aged Mg-6 wt%Al alloy had thinner layer and lower micro-hardness and wear resistance than the solution-treated Mg-6 wt%Al alloy. As the aging time increased, the thickness of coatings decreased while the surface roughness was almost no changed. In addition, the micro-hardness and wear property of coatings decreased with increasing the aging time unlike the uncoated Mg-6 wt%Al alloy showing the peak micro-hardness and the best wear property after aging for 16 h. However, the coatings on Mg-6 wt%Al alloy peak-aged for 16h revealed the best corrosion resistance in 3.5% NaCl solution, which was explained based on the microstructural characteristics.

영랑호 어류군집의 시 공간적 분포를 알아보기 위하여 2005년 9월부터 2007년 4월까지 조사하였다. 채집된 어류는 총 16과 32종이었으며, 일차담수어는 11종(34.38%), 주연성담수어는 18종(56.25%), 해수어는 3종(9.38%)인 것으로 나타났다. 조사 지점 및 시기별 군집의 변화양상을 파악한 결과 갯터짐이 일어나면 생태적 특성에 따라 어종의 출현 비율이 변화하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 영랑호의 어류상에 대한 과거 자료와 비교해 보았을 때 해수의 유입이 일어나면 주연성담수어와 해수어의 비율은 증가하고 일차담수어의 비율은 점차 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같이 석호 내의 어류군집은 갯터짐에 따라 시 공간적으로 그 성격이 매우 달라는 것으로 나타났다.