The main aim of this article is twofold: first, to uncover the theoretical significance of Walter Benjamin’s critical revaluation of Bergson, Proust, and Freud, who shed new light on the understanding of memory, and secondly, to re-read Eliot’s poetry in the context of Benjamin’s ideas of modernity and memory. In “On Some Motifs of Baudelaire,” Benjamin highly values Bergson’s Matière et mémoire as a ground-breaking work in understanding how perception and memory co-operate. In À la recherche du temps perdu, Proust reworks Bergson’s pure memory by illuminating that memory is in essence involuntary. However, both of them, Benjamin argues, fail to address the historical and social characters of memory. By channelling Bergson’s pure memory and Proust’s involuntary memory into Freud’s insightful idea that consciousness and memory are mutually exclusive, Benjamin finally locates a historical/social schema of memory. Conscious remembering or the voluntary memory is devoid of the creative and redemptive force of the involuntary memory, and becomes the main form of memory in the age of high capitalism when Erlebnis (everyday lived experience), not Erfahrung (genuine experience), is overwhelmingly dominant. What Benjamin calls Erlebnis and its memory are problematized in Eliot’s early works, including some of his unpublished poems as well as “Boston Evening Transcript,” “Rhapsody on a Windy Night,” and other published ones. In “Goldfish,” the traces of a young man’s past experiences are deployed as allegorical signs that visualize the meaningless daily routine and its “dead” memory. For Eliot, as for Benjamin, a symptom of modernity is that people increasingly tend to experience the world indirectly through newspapers and other news sources. Distancing themselves from their communities, urban people are, as presented in “Boston Evening Transcript,” controlled and, even, enslaved by newspapers, and real, felt, embodied experiences sharply decline in modern cities full of sensational and shocking news. “Rhapsody on a Windy Night,” on the other hand, presents a young man’s longing for genuine experiences that may transgress the logic of rationality, calculation, and discipline. However, imprisoned in the modern world, where his memory as well as his body functions as an automatic machine and even the moon is transfigured into a prostitute whose re/usable body, like a factory worker’s, is sold in the market, he fails to carve out a space/time of difference or redemption.

The present study investigated an ethanol extract (HS0608) of a mixture of three medicinal plants of Curcumalongae radix, Phellinus linteus, and Scutellariae radix for possible neuroprotective effects on neurotoxicity induced by amyloid βprotein (Aβ) (25-35) in cultured rat cortical neurons and antidementia activity in mice. Exposure of cultured cortical neurons to10µM Aβ (25-35) for 36h induced neuronal apoptotic death. At 1-50㎍/㎖, HS0608 inhibited neuronal death, elevation of intra-cellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by Aβ (25-35) in primary cul-tures of rat cortical neurons. Memory loss induced by intracerebroventricular injection of ICR mice with 15 nmol Aβ (25-35) wasinhibited by chronic treatment with HS0608 (25, 50 and 100㎎/㎏, p.o. for 7 days) as measured by a passive avoidance test. Fromthese results, we suggest that the antidementia effect of HS0608 is due to its neuroprotective effect against Aβ (25-35)-inducedneurotoxicity and that HS0608 may have a therapeutic role in preventing the progression of Alzheimer’s disease.

본 연구는 연습단계에서의 연습량과 연습시기간 시간간격의 배분이 새로운 양팔 협응패턴의 수행과 학습, 그리고 획득된 운동기억의 공고화에 미치는 영향에 대하여 조사하였다. 실험1에서는 하루의 연습기간 동안 집단별로 각각 27시행, 36시행, 45시행을 총 4일 동안 연습하게 하여 주어진 연습량에 따른 학습의 효과를 검증하였다. 실험1의 결과 서로 다른 연습량에도 불구하고 모든 집단에서 비슷한 정도의 학습과 전이효과를 보여주었다. 그리고, 실험2에서는 집단별로 연습시기간 시간간격을 5분, 1시간, 4시간, 24시간을 갖고 연습하게 하여 연습시기 사이의 상대적 시간길이에 따른 학습효과를 살펴보았다. 실험2의 결과 연습수행 국면에서는 집단별로 차이가 나지 않았으나, 파지 및 전이검사에서 24시간의 시간간격을 제시받은 집단만이 높은 협응패턴의 정확성을 유지하였다. 즉, 상대적으로 긴 비활동 시기를 가진 집단이 협응패턴의 정확성과 관련하여 더 높은 학습과 전이의 효율성을 보여주었다. 이러한 결과는 연습단계에서의 연습량 그 자체는 양팔 협응과제의 수행에 있어서 동작의 정확성과 일관성의 학습 및 전이의 효율성에 큰 영향을 주는 요인이 아니며, 최소한의 연습량이라도 상대적으로 긴 시간간격을 두고 연습하는 것이 운동수행을 통해 습득된 운동기억을 기존의 정보와 통합하는 기억공고화(memory consolidation) 과정을 촉진시켜 학습효과를 증진시킨다는 것을 시사한다.