The purpose of this study was to optimize the design of asphalt concrete pavements for Jeju Island by considering the regional characteristics of the island. This study employed an MEPDG program to determine the allowable traffic loads for class 4 vehicles by considering the axle loads, climate, and material properties. Samples of basalt asphalt concrete from Jeju were used to measure the dynamic modulus for material property estimation. The climate input was based on 30-year climate data from Jeju. The thicknesses and moduli of the subgrade, subbase, and asphalt layers were incorporated into the design. The regression-analysis program SPSS was used to develop a regression equation for the overlay design, factoring in the modulus and thickness ratios between the existing and overlay asphalt layers. A pavement-thickness design formula tailored to Jeju's characteristics was derived. An equivalent single-axle load factor (ESALF) formula was developed to facilitate traffic-load estimation for different roads, enabling the easy incorporation of varying traffic volumes into the design. The ESALF formula demonstrated a high correlation with the pavement thickness, subgrade conditions, and axle loads, whereas the pavementthickness design formula exhibited strong correlations with the pavement thickness, subgrade state, thickness ratios, and modulus ratios. The use of basalt aggregates in asphalt concrete pavements provides an economically viable and technically sound solution for Jeju. The proposed design methodology not only reduces costs but also enhances pavement performance and road safety. The developed formulas offer flexibility in adjusting designs based on specific traffic conditions, providing optimal pavement solutions for different road categories.

헌법재판소는 교도소 과밀수용에 대해 “인간으로서의 존엄과 가치를 침해한다.”라 고 결정한 바 있고, 국가인권위원회도 과밀수용 해소를 권고한 바 있으며, 2017년부 터 과밀수용에 대한 국가 배상책임을 인정한 판결들이 이어지고 있다. 이에 과밀수용 해소 방안으로써 가석방제도의 관심이 높아졌다. 그러나 가석방의 실질적 요건에 대 해 형법은 “개전의 정이 현저한 때”라고 규정하고 있으며, 형집행법은 “재범의 위험성 이 없다고 인정하는 경우”라고 규정하고 있다. 이처럼 우리 법률이 요구하는 기준은 지나치게 높은 절대적 기준을 제시하는 것이며, 객관화하기 어려운 추상적인 의미에 해당한다. 이에 대해 교정재범예측지표(Co-REPI) 등 가석방심사대상자의 기준으로 제시되는 요인 중 처벌 경험과 관련한 지표들은 이미 형기에 반영되어 있으며, 입소 전 경제･거주상태 등의 보호 관계는 범죄를 저지를 당시 이미 수형자의 여건에 해당하 므로 재범 위험성의 지표로서 그 의미를 부여하기 어렵다. 반면, 우리나라는 대륙법계 국가이면서도 가석방제도는 영･미식의 행정처분을 채용 하고 있다. 그러나 영･미의 조기 석방 방식 중 형기단축제도(Good Time System)를 제외한 채 가석방제도만을 선택적으로 채용하고 있다. 형기단축제도의 주된 선정 기 준은 교도소 내의 작업성적･교정 프로그램의 참여 정도･교도소 내의 선행 등이 기준 이 된다. 따라서 수형자 스스로 근로의욕을 고취할 수 있고, 적극적인 교정 프로그램 의 참여를 통해 교화･개선의 가능성을 높이며, 봉사활동･선행을 통해 교도소 내의 질 서를 유지함으로써 사회의 한 구성원으로 복귀시킬 수 있는 제도이다. 그러므로 재범 의 위험성을 판단하는 지표로써 의미 있는 기준이라 생각된다. 이 제도를 보호관찰의 엄격한 적용을 조건으로 시행하여 선시 크레디트의 취소와 실효제도를 마련한다면, 가석방의 평가적 한계를 극복할 수 있으며, 재범의 위험으로부터 사회를 보호할 수 있 을 것으로 기대된다. 따라서 가석방제도와 형기단축제도(Good Time System)의 병 용에 대한 적극적인 검토가 요구된다.

압축센스(Compressed SENSE) 기법은 검사 시간을 획기적으로 단축할 수 있으나, 시간 단축을 위한 기법적용 시 가속계수를 증가시키면 인공물의 발생이 영상에서 증가하는 문제점이 있다. 이에 인공물이 발생하지 않으면서 검사 시간을 최대한 단축할 수 있는 최적의 압축센스 가속계수를 제시하고자 하였다. 연구 방법은 인공물이 발생하지 않는 가속계수 1.0을 기준으로 0.5 간격씩 5.0까지 무릎관절 자기공명영상의 팬텀 실험과 임상실험 영상을 획득한 후, 방사선사 10명이 5점 척도로 영상을 평가하여 유의한 차이가 있는지 판단하였다. 연구 결과 T1 강조영상과 T2 강조 영상 모두 팬텀 실험은 가속계수 2.0 이하로 하였을 때 임상실험은 3.0 이하로 하였을 때 기준이 되는 1.0 영상과 차이가 없었다. 결론적으로 무릎관절 자기공명영상 검사 시 인공물이 발생하지 않으며 검사 시간을 최대로 단축할 수 있는 최적의 압축센스 가속계수는 팬텀 실험의 경우 2.0, 임상실험의 경우 3.0이 적정하리라 판단된다.

PURPOSES : This study aims to develop and validate timing transition techniques for real-time traffic signal operations, departing from conventional methods based on past commuting traffic patterns. METHODS : In this study, we propose two traffic signal transition techniques that can perform transitions while minimizing disruptions within a short period. The Proposed 1 technique involves an unconditional transition within one cycle and allows for the allocation of offset changes to both the coordinated and non-coordinated phases. The Proposed 2 technique performs transitions within 1-2 cycles based on the offset change rate and considers the non-coordinated phase for allocating offset changes. RESULTS : Functional improvements of the proposed techniques were validated. For validation, simulated traffic signal transition scenarios were created, and a comparative analysis of the transition techniques was performed based on the selected analysis approaches. The results showed that the Proposed 1 technique exhibited the lowest delay during the approximated saturated transitions, whereas the Subtract technique showed the lowest delay during the non-saturated transitions. CONCLUSIONS : These findings emphasize the importance of selecting and applying appropriate transition techniques tailored to individual traffic scenarios. The proposed transition techniques provide valuable insights for improving real-time traffic signal operations, and contribute to the overall efficiency and effectiveness of traffic management in highway corridors.

Background: Individuals with calf muscle shortening may have decreased dynamic balance. Objects: This study aimed to investigate the effect of mobilization with movement (MWM) and myofascial release (MFR) on kinematic changes in dynamic balance in individuals with calf muscle shortening. Methods: Thirteen participants were randomly assigned to the MWM or the mobilization with movement added myofascial release (MWM-MFR) group. The MWM group received treatment with only MWM, whereas the MWM-MFR group was treated with MWM and MFR. Pre- and post-intervention passive range of motion (PROM), maximum reaching lengths, and modified star excursion balance test (MSEBT) results were compared for all participants. Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for statistical analysis. Results: The results showed significant within-group differences in ankle PROM, but no significant between-group differences. The maximum reaching length in the MWM-MFR group in the posterolateral direction was significantly different before and after the intervention (p = 0.005). This group also showed significantly reduced ankle abduction in MSEBT during the posteromedial direction section 3 (p = 0.007) and posterolateral direction section 5 (p = 0.049) compared with the MWM group. Conclusion: Combined MWM and MFR intervention improves ankle stability in the coronal plane during the posteromedial and posterolateral forward mo

소고기의 건식 숙성 기간을 단축하고자 연육과 관련된 효소 활성이 높은 15-36oC 온도범위에서 저습도로 숙성할 수 있는 라디오파 숙성장치를 개발하였다. 이 장치는 평행 판 전극 사이에 소고기를 넣고 라디오파를 가하여 유전가열이 되는 현상으로 고기의 온도를 높였고, 냉풍을 이용하여 습도를 낮춰서 고기표면이 건조되게 하였다. 이 장치를 이용하여 2등급 소고기 채끝 부위를 숙성시킨 결과 40 W/ kg로 가열하여 고기 품온이 30oC를 초과하는 온도 범위 24 h 숙성할 경우 12.3%, 10-30oC 온도 범위에서 숙성시킬 경우 55.2% 연육효과가 나타났다. 라디오파 숙성 중 제상 과정 없이 냉풍을 계속 가할 경우 미생물 증식에 의한 문제가 발생하지 않았으며, 이러한 연육 효과는 기존 건식숙 성 21일간 절단강도 17% 감소하는 것에 비해 매우 단시간 나타난 것으로 숙성기간을 크게 단축할 수 있음을 확인 하였다. 닭고기와 돼지고기는 육질의 차이로 라디오파 숙성에 의한 연육 효과가 나타나지 않았다.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the newly developed Guss mastic asphalt mixtures, called EQ-mastic asphalt mixtures, which contain melted additives for decreasing cooking time. METHODS : A series of experiments were performed to investigate the effectiveness of the melted additives in EQ-mastic asphalt mixtures. Both the existing Guss mastic asphalt mixture and the EQ-mastic asphalt mixture were produced with the same amounts of asphalt binders, aggregates, and fillers, but the existing Guss mastic asphalt mixture contained 3% Trinidad lake asphalt (TLA). The EQ-mastic asphalt mixture contained 3% of additives, including TLA and polyolefin. The physical material performances of both mastic asphalt mixtures were obtained by conducting the Luer fluidity test, penetration test, dynamic stability test, and low-temperature bending test. The results of the tests for the existing Guss mastic and EQ-mastic asphalt mixtures were compared. RESULTS : The fluidity, penetration, dynamic stability, and low-temperature bending strains of both the existing Guss mastic and EQmastic asphalt mixtures all satisfied the standard values provided in the production and construction guides of the Guss mastic asphalt pavement. CONCLUSIONS : When melted additives containing polyolefin are used in the production of Guss mastic asphalt mixtures, the cooking time decreases, so that the corresponding energy consumption and asphalt fume amount can be reduced. Therefore, an EQ-mastic asphalt mixture is proposed for use as an eco-friendly pavement material.

Background: The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) for Dyspnea was developed to assess multidimensional dyspnea using two subscales (experience of dyspnea and functional limitation) and a total score. Objects: This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the FACIT-dyspnea 10-item short form questionnaire (FACIT-dyspnea-K). Methods: Subjects were 163 patients with cancer. Dyspnea-related scales (modified Medical Research Council scale [mMRC], European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 [EORTC QLQ-C30], Hospital Anxiety and Depression [HAD], and WHO Performance Scale) were used to validate the FACIT-dyspnea-K. Results: Internal consistency was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.90 and 0.95 in factors 1 and 2, respectively. Convergence validity was determined by comparing the two factors and total score of the FACIT-dyspnea-K with conceptually related assessment tools measuring the physical and emotional effects of dyspnea, with which correlations ranged from 0.364 to 0.567. Criterion validity was established by significant differences in the FACITdyspnea- K score between groups when the patients were classified by performance status as assessed by the WHO performance scale. Furthermore, the FACIT-dyspnea-K showed notable correlations with other dyspnea scales (mMRC, EORTC QLQ-C30, and HAD) for cancer patients (r = 0.28 to 0.54). The test-retest reliability of the two factors and total score of the FACITdyspnea- K appeared to be excellent (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.96 to 0.97). Conclusion: This study supports FACIT-dyspnea-K as a valid and reliable instrument to assess the dyspnea experience of cancer patients in clinical settings.

This study is carried out on the structural improvement of military mobile kitchen trailer for the betterment of fighting power by serving meals to solider in right time. To recognize the real problems of field kitchen trailer, the heat transfers from burner for soup cooker were compared with each other. By the test, the necessity of improvement was deduced. To examine the cause of cooking time, it was determined by the characteristic diagram. Based on the cause, there are two types of kitchen trailer's burner structures. To verify the improved structures, it was carried out for the performance test. As the results, the time did not become longer and the temperature rising rate per minute increased. This study is expected to be devoted to the future improvement of military mobile kitchen trailer.

This study suggests a model of production information system that can reduce manufacturing lead time and uniformize quality by using DNC S/W as a part of constructing production information management system in the industrial field of the existing marine engine block manufacturing companies. Under the effect of development of this system, the NC machine interface device can be installed in the control computer to obtain the quality information of the workpiece in real time so that the time to inspect the process quality and verify the product defect information can be reduced by more than 70%. In addition, the reliability of quality information has been improved and the external credibility has been improved. It took 30 minutes for operator to obtain, analyze and manage the quality information when the existing USB memory is used, but the communication between the NC controller computer and the NC controller in real time was completed to analyze the workpiece within 10 seconds.

목적 : 본 연구는 단축감각프로파일2(Short Sensory Profile2; SSP2)을 정상아동과 발달장애아동을 대상 으로 신뢰도와 타당도를 구하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : SSP2를 6곳에 거주하고 있는 정상아동 100명과 장애아동 100명을 대상으로 신뢰도와 타당도 를 검증하였고 신뢰도에는 내적일치도와 검사-재검사 검증을 하였으며 타당도에는 내용타당도와 판별타 당도 수렴타당도 검증을 하였다. 결과 : SSP2의 감각처리영역의 내적일치도는 .89로 확인되었으며 감각처리와 관련된 행동반응영역은 .92 를 확인되었다. 검사-재검사 신뢰도의 감각처리영역은 .89에서 .90이었으며 감각처리와 관련된 행동반 응영역은 .80~.97로 유의한 상관관계를 나타내었다. 정상아동과 장애아동을 비교한 판별타당도에서도 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 마지막으로 SSP2와 SSP를 비교한 수렴타당도의 감각처리영역의 총 점수간의 계수는 .85이고 감각처리와 관련된 행동반응영역의 총 점수간의 상관계수는 .85로 높은 상 관관계를 보였다. 결론 : 본 연구는 SSP2의 신뢰도와 타당도를 확인하였으며 연구 결과 높은 수준을 보였으므로 SSP와 같 이 임상에서의 사용이 용이할 것으로 판단된다.