우리는 누구나 삶 속에서 여러 가지 갈등과 고난을 경험하게 된다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서, 근본적인 치료는 개인으로 하여금 영적으로 각성시키고, 개인의식의 핵심인 욕망을 알아차리게 하고, 우주의식을 갖도록 했을 때, 비로소 근본적인 치료가 일어난다. 결론적으로 마음을 완전히 치료한다는 의미는 의식의 성장 과 변형을 의미한다. 아유르베다는 아슈땅가요가의 8지칙에 따라 체질별 수행 방법이 있다. 그리고 이러한 8 지칙의 수행을 따라 가다보면 저절로 의식의 변형이 일어난다. 그러므로 의식변형 없이는 완전한 치료는 어렵 다는 것을 알 수 있으며, 홀리스틱 치료를 위해서도 요가 수행이 필요하다는 결론이다. 본 연구는 요가 수행 을 뒷받침하는 것이 아유르베다의 치료 기법들이며 수행기법들이라는 점을 알리고자 했으며, 또한 의식변형을 이끄는 단계를 요가와 아유르베다를 통해서 알아보고자 했다.
본 연구는 경상남도 하동군 옥종면 땅밀림 산사태지의 붕괴지 및 피해지역을 중심으로 사면붕괴양상을 규명하기 위해 땅밀림 산사태지의 인장균열지의 월별 변화양상을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 연구대상지에서는 땅밀림 산사태 발생징후라 판단되는 지하수 용출, 융기 및 함몰, 수목이상성장 등이 발견되었다. 아울러 당초 인장균열 두께와 폭은 1 : 4.2, 폭과 길이는 1 : 1.5로 나타났으며, 월평균 인장균열의 증감 폭은 폭 > 길이 > 상단부 사면길이 > 단차 순으로 나타났다. 한편, 강우인자와 인장균열의 형태 및 인장균열의 형태 중 세부인자들 간의 상관분석을 실시한 결과, 모두 상관관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다.
The present study deals with the effects of micro-alloying elements such as Ni, V, and Ti on the recrystallization behavior of carbon steels at different strain rates. Eight steel specimens were fabricated by varying the chemical composition and reheating temperature; then, a high-temperature compressive deformation test was conducted in order to investigate the relationship of the microstructure and the recrystallization behavior. The specimens containing micro-alloying elements had smaller prior austenite grain sizes than those of the other specimens, presumably due to the pinning effect of the formation of carbonitrides and AlN precipitates at the austenite grain boundaries. The high-temperature compressive deformation test results indicate that dynamic recrystallization behavior was suppressed in the specimens with micro-alloying elements, particularly at increased strain rate, because of the pinning effect of precipitates, grain boundary dragging and lattice misfit effects of solute atoms, although the strength increased with increasing strain rate.
감자는 세계에서 4번째로 중요한 식량작물로 식품 및 사료로 이용되고 있다. 감자의 주요 소비형태는 일반식용 위주와 전분, 감자칩, 감자튀김 등 다양한 형태의 가공제품, 씨감자 형태로 사용한다. 또한 감자를 식품산업과 제지 산업에서 활용하기 위해 amylose 함량을 감소시키거나 acrylamide 생성을 줄인 유전자변형 감자가 개발되고 있다. 이 에 따라 우리나라의 경우 감자 가공품 수입이 많은 만큼 국내외 감자 제품에 대한 미승인 유전자변형 감자에 대한 검사법이 필요하다. International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA) 보고에 따르면 2016 년까지 45개의 GM 감자이벤트가 개발되었다. 이 중 우리나라는 식품의약품안전처로부터 4종의 GM 감자가 식품용 도로 승인되었다. 본 연구에서는 현재 미승인 유전자 감자 6개 이벤트에 대해 정성검사용 표준플라스미드 (pUC_GM potato A and B)를 제작하였으며, UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) gene을 감자 내재유전자로 사용했다. 개발 된 표준플라스미드는 식품의약품안저처의 고시를 토대로 primers와 probes를 이용하여 Applied Biosystems ViiA7 real-time PCR system을 통해 정성분석을 수행하였다. 또한 검정한계치를 확인하기 위해 플라스미드를 100,000 - 10 copies까지 희석한 것을 주형으로 하여 real-time PCR을 진행하였다. 이와 같이 미승인 유전자변형 감자에 대한 정성 분석용 표준플라스미드가 개발되었으며 국내 미승인 유전자변형 감자에 대한 모니터링에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기 대한다.
본 연구에서는 신규 승인 및 승인 예정인 유전자변형 콩 5개 이벤트(SYHT0H2, DAS-44406-6, MON87751, DAS-81419-2, DAS-68416-4)의 정량분석에 사용할 시험대조물질로써 플라스미드(pUC-GM soy C, D)를 개발하였다. 각각의 표준플라스미드는 콩 내재유전자인 lectin의 증폭서열을 포함하고 있으며, pUC-GM soy C에는 4개의 이벤트가, pUC-GM soy D에는 하나의 이벤트가 포함되었다. Applied Biosystems의 Viia7 real-time PCR을 통해 개발된 표준플라 스미드에 대한 검증실험을 실시하였다. 정량분석에 사용된 프라이머, 프로브는 식품공전에 고시되어 있는 것을 사용 하였다. 정량분석을 위한 표준곡선은 20, 200, 2000, 20000, 200000 copies로 희석한 표준플라스미드를 이용하였으며, R2는 0.993-1.000, 표준편차(standard deviation, SD)는 0.01-0.18로 확인되었다. 이와 같이 개발된 표준플라스미드 (pUC-GM soy C, D)가 5개 유전자변형 콩의 정량검사에 calibrator로 사용될 수 있음을 확인하였다.
Magnetostrictive actuator is fabricated with powder nano bonding method instead of sputtering method. Fabrication process and experimental measurement method for magneto-mechanical characteristics is proposed. For the design of highly flexible magnetostrictive actuator, TbDyFe nano powder bonding with Teflon substrate is adopted. The fabrication process for Teflon substrate and nano powder bonding is suggested and magnetostrictive behaviors are investigated. Variable magnetic field is applied to measure the magnetostrictive characteristics and magnetostriction is measured with different waves and different magnitude of magnetic field.
In this study, TbDyFe thin films with the thickness of 1000 Å are fabricated by DC magnetron sputtering. TbDyFe thin films are prepared by DC magnetron sputtering method. The pressure of Ar gas below 1.33 kPa and DC input power of 200 W are used for the sputtering conditions. During sputtering process the substrate holder is heated up to 150 ℃. The thin films are deposited to a thickness of 1000 Å on polyimide substrate with a thickness of 2 μm. The fabricated microstructures are observed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the film thickness is measured. Magnetostrictions are determined from the curvature of the thin films which are measured by the optical cantilever method. The experimental results are discussed with numerical data.
The vitamin E enhanced transgenic soybean was developed by introducing a perilla γ- tocopherol methyltransferase gene (γ-TMT) under the control of pea vicilin promoter and a selection marker, phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) gene. With regard to the potential problems of safety, the non-target organism evaluation is required as an essential element for the environmental risk assessment of genetically modified (GM) crops. We studied the effects of the vitamin E enhanced transgenic soybean feeding on survival of Daphnia magna which is commonly used as a model organism in ecotoxicological studies. The Daphnia magna was fed on vitamin E enhanced transgenic soybean and non-genetically modified (non-GM) soybean (Willams 82) at 0, 1,000, 1,800, 3,240, 5,830, 10,500 and 20,000 mg/L concentrations, respectively. The GM soybean used for the test was confirmed to have the γ-TMT/PAT gene expression by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. The results showed that there was no significant differences between cumulative immobilities of Daphnia magna fed on GM soybean and non-GM soybean. The 48hr-EC50 values showed no significant differences between GM soybean (2,416 mg/L) and non-GM soybean (2,408 mg/L). The results of this study suggested that there was no significant differences in toxicity for Daphnia magna between GM soybean and non-GM counterpart.
A permanent deformation model for asphalt concrete (AC) layers based on shear properties is developed and calibrated in this study. The indirect tensile (IDT) strength and uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) were used to determine the cohesion and friction angle of asphalt mixtures. Five types of asphalt mixtures with various air-void and binder contents are tested under different loadings and temperature conditions. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to develop permanent deformation model of asphalt mixtures which is a function of the air void, binder content, stress, and number of load cycles, temperature, and frequency. The regression model was verified by comparing the predicted and measured plastic strain. It was found out that the regression model has a correlation coefficient of 0.96 in determining plastic strain. Through the field WesTrack database, the permanent deformation model was calibrated to be applied to AC layers. After calibration, it is observed that the correlation coefficient is 0.86 for the measured and predicted rut depth. Finally, the model is validated using the field rutting performance obtained from Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) data sets. Based on the validation study, it can be concluded that the proposed model can successfully predict the permanent deformation of various asphalt mixtures in a wide range of loadings and temperature conditions in the field.
In the present study, the tensile properties and dynamic strain aging of an Fe-24.5Mn-4Cr-0.45C alloy were investigated in terms of strain rate. During tensile testing at room temperature, all the stress-strain curves exhibited serrated plastic flows related to dynamic strain aging, regardless of the strain rate. Serration appeared right after yield stress at lower strain rates, while it was hardly observed at high strain rates. On the other hand, strain-rate sensitivity, indicating a general relationship between flow stress and strain rate at constant strain and temperature, changed from positive to negative as the strain increased. The negative strain-rate sensitivity can be explained by the Portevin Le Chatelier effect, which is associated with dynamic strain aging and is dependent on the strain rate because it is very likely that the dynamic strain aging phenomenon in high-manganese steels is involved in the interaction between moving dislocations and point-defect complexes.
A press which has a 20 percent share in machine tools is one of the production facilities. The press has been used to make a hole or to bend metal plates. However, recently hydraulic press is used to reinforce competitiveness of the manufacturing industry. The press by using metal powder makes products without additional process while conventional processing machine makes products after removing unnecessary parts. In this way, large quantity of products can be produced in a short time. Researches to manufacture products by the press have been proceeding after 1970. In this study, structure and displacement analysis for punch used as the component for hydraulic press was investigated and structural stability was identified based on the results
Background: It is necessary to find and develop the effective way of intervention for patients with neck pain, since the neck pain is becoming increasingly common throughout the world. To identify the altered motor control in patient with neck pain would be informative to find and develop the effective way of intervention. Objects: The aim of this study was to review literature regarding the altered motor control in patients with neck pain, measured by using surface electromyography (sEMG), ultrasonography, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and to suggest prospective research work on neck pain. Methods: Case-control (neck pain/healthy) studies published between 2004 and 2015 that investigated neck muscle activation, thickness, cross-sectional area, and fat infiltrate were searched in Scopus, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. Twenty-eight articles were included in this study. Results: sEMG, ultrasonography, and fMRI were used complementarily to investigate the altered superficial and deep neck muscle activation, thickness, cross-sectional area, and fat infiltrate in patients with neck pain. They showed the following altered motor control when compared retrospectively with healthy subjects or during specific functional tasks: (1) increased superficial muscle activation, (2) lesser deep muscle thickness, (3) smaller cross-sectional area of the deep muscle, and (4) greater fat infiltrate in deep muscles. In particular, among the women, the office workers showed higher muscle activation of superficial neck muscles during functional tasks, although they did not have neck pain, than those who were not office workers. Conclusion: Studies revealed that patients with neck pain showed an altered motor control when compared with healthy subjects by using various assessment modalities. Understanding this phenomenon would help researchers design an effective intervention for alleviating neck pain or to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. In addition, we recommend that female office workers take measures to care for their necks before developing neck pain.
In this study, analysis on the stiffness of the headrest, the stiffness of front-rear load and the torsion of cushion frame was performed using finite element method in order to investigate the properties of the stress-deformation by material characteristics according to the test requirements of FMVSS (Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard). The results are shown that AZ31 (Mg alloy) and A365 (Al alloy) with low modulus of elasticity and density have higher strain rate than steel in terms of stress-deformation and meet the standards for safety within 108 mm of the maximum amount of deformation. Considering it’s safety and durability, however, the selection of AZ31 for light weight seems difficult to gain the reliability because it causes an excessive deformation, and therefore it is not expected to be used for recliner where stress is concentrated and also the bracket linking rail and cushion frame.
본 논문은 예이츠의 희곡 발야스 스트랜드에서가 어떻게 잘 알려진 아일랜드의 전설 “이퍼여왕의 외동아들”의 수백 년 간의 변형과 관련이 있는지를 연 구한다. 이 변화의 역사를 추적하면 자연적인 것과 비자연적인 것의 상충에 대한 주제 의 의미를 파악할 수 있게 된다. 예이츠는 심오한 자연의 충동에 뿌리를 둔 초자연의 모티프를 추가를 시도함으로써 본 주제를 탐색한다. 발야스 스트랜드에서는 인간성 의 거부는 초자연성의 포기와 함께 간다는 것을 보여주는 동시에 초자연성의 무시는 우리의 의미 깊은 자연적 충동의 힘을 배제할 위험이 있는 것이다.
본 연구는 전국의 686개 농가에 대한 설문조사를 통해 농가의 GM 기술과 GM 작물 및 이를 활용한 사료에 대한 인식, 농가의 생산 현황과 속성을 바탕으로 농가의 GM 벼 (쌀)와 GM 사료작물에 대한 기술 수용성을 분석하였다. 개 별적인 농가 속성에 따라 수용 의사가 다르지만, 2개의 GM 기술 수용성 추정에서 공통적으로 GM 기술 수용 의 사를 높이는 변수는 GM 농작물의 필요성에 대한 인식과 잡곡이나 조사료 재배여부로 나타났다. 평균적인 경종 농 가의 경우 7.8% 유의수준에서 농가소득이 47% 증가할 경 우 벼 (쌀)에 대한 GM 기술을 수용하고, 벼 (쌀)를 제외한 사료작물의 경우에는 14.1% 유의수준에서 농가소득이 43% 증가할 때 GM 기술을 수용하는 것으로 분석되었다. 벼 (쌀)와 비교해서 사료 작물은 상대적으로 적은 소득 증가 에도 불구하고 수용 가능성이 나타났다. 그러나 두 가지 경우 모두 통계적 유의성이 5%를 넘어가 신뢰도에 문제가 있다. 앞으로 GM 기술에 대한 신뢰성이 높아짐에 따라 CVM에서 발생하는 가상적 편의가 줄어든다면 통계적 유 의성이 높아질 것으로 기대되므로 이에 대한 추가 연구가 필요하다.