This study aims to observe the wind load characteristics around two-dimensional rotor blade of small wind turbine under high wind speed. The CFD analysis on the blade shape of NACA-4418 is performed to understand the wind load(i.e., drag and lift coefficient). In the results, the drag and lift coefficient were estimated to be 0.013, 0.44, respectively, at the wind speed 35m/s(wind speed at the height of wind tower, z=70m) and angle of attack 3°. By using the lift, drag coefficient and the appropriate assumption of the blade length, the number of blade and the tip speed ratio(TSR), the proper blade shape was obtained. On the base of this basic study, various conditions for Reynolds number and aerodynamic analysis including angle of attack according to parametric test need to study more in the future. Also assessment for the blade need to study safety on wind pressure coefficient and distribution according to wind characteristics.

원자력발전소에서 전기를 생산하고 난 후 발생하는 사용후핵연료 또는 이들 사용후핵연료의 재처리/재활용 공정으로부터 발생하는 고준위폐기물은 인간환경으로부터 안전하게 장기간 격리시켜야 한다. 최근 심부시추공 굴착기술의 획기적인 발전 으로 인하여, 방사성폐기물의 심부시추공 처분기술에 대한 연구가 의미 있게 진행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 심부시추 공을 활용하여 고준위 방사성폐기물을 지하 3~5 km 심도에 격리시키는 심부시추공 처분기술의 국내 적용 가능성을 분석하 기 위하여 국내 심부 지하환경 특성에 대하여 예비분석 하였다 이를 위하여, 미국 및 유럽권 국가 연구사례와 기술개발 현황 을 검토하고, 실제 국내의 심부 지질조건을 검토하기 위하여 고지열 분포지역에 개발 중인 지열 탐사공을 대상으로 3~4 km 심도까지의 암석, 지온 등 특성 자료를 수집, 분석하였다. 결정질 암반 심도 및 지온경사 등 분석 결과와 국내 발생 사용후 핵연료를 바탕으로 심부시추공 처분시스템 구성요소인 처분용기, 밀봉시스템 등에 대하여 예비단계의 개념을 제안하였다.

This study aims to introduce the local festival sponsored by KOTRA (Korea Trade- Investment Promotion Agency) in Banteay Meanchey Province in Cambodia, find that the vitalization strategies that allow the local festival concept to be used as a new rural development strategy alternative, and share those strategies with other donor countries and agencies that may want to implement something similar. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis was utilized to derive the internal and external factors found in the process of planning and promoting a local festival. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis was employed to prioritize the factors derived from SWOT analysis. These results would lead to the establishment of applicable vitalization strategies. The vitalized local festival can be a tremendous resource for rural regions in Cambodia by helping maintain the rural societies, support the inheritance of their cultural legacies, and provide additional outlets to sustain local development. Acting as sponsors of these strategies will help donors strengthen the ties and construct international cooperation partnerships with Cambodia.

후쿠시마 원자력 발전소 사고 이후 한국 정부는 일본북부지역에서 생산되는 수산물 수입을 금지하였다. 한국과 일본 사이 수산물 분쟁은 아직 진행중이며 소비자들은 식품안전에 위협을 받고 있다. 이 연구는 소비자의 일본수산물에 대한 위험인식과 위험행동에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 밝히기 위함이다. 이를 위해 2012년 9월부터 10월까지 1,500명의 성인을 대상으로 설문조사를 수행하였다. 분석결과 일본산 수산물에 대한 위험인식에서 감정의 역할이 확인되었는데, 일본산 수산물에 대해 부정적인 감정을 느끼고 있는 개인은 해당 제품에 대한 위험 인식이 높았다. 또 부정적인 감정은 수산물 구입행동에도 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 운명주의적 성향은 수산물 구입행동에 유의한 변수가 아닌 것으로 나타났다.

This paper analyzed what factors affect increased import from ASEAN agricultural products. This study uses multi-countries gravity model approach with a dataset of agricultural import for the period of 2004 - 2014 and several explanatory variables, and then estimate it using the random-effect panel Tobit. The results revealed that agriculture trade in Korea is influenced by the trade partner’s per capita GDP, population, distance from Korea, FTA preferential taxrate, trade percentage of GDP, agriculture percentage of GDP, the number of immigrants from ASEAN countries, and normal track dummy variables etc. It is found that FTA taxrate affect trade between both partners that can occur loss in agricultural industry. Therefore, applying deliberate standards strategies for normal track selection for future FTA negotiation.

Pleurotus eryngii has recently become a major cultivated mushroom; it uses tetrapolar heterothallism as a part of its reproductive process. Sexual development progresses only when the A and B mating types are compatible. Such mating incompatibility occasionally limits the efficiency of breeding programs in which crossing within loci-shared strains or backcrossing strategies are employed. Therefore, understanding the mating system in edible mushroom fungi will help provide a short cut in the development of new strains. We isolated and identified pheromone and receptor genes in the B3 locus of P. eryngii and performed a functional analysis of the genes in the mating process by transformation. A genomic DNA library was constructed to map the entire mating-type locus. The B3 locus was found to contain four pheromone precursor genes and four receptor genes. Remarkably, receptor PESTE3.3.1 has just 34 amino acid residues in its C-terminal cytoplasmic region; therefore, it seems likely to be a receptor-like gene. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR (real-time qRT-PCR) revealed that most pheromone and receptor genes showed significantly higher expression in monokaryotic cells than dikaryotic cells. The pheromone genes PEphb3.1 and PEphb3.3 and the receptor gene PESTE3.3.1 were transformed into P5 (A3B4). The transformants were mated with a tester strain (A4B4), and the progeny showed clamp connections and a normal fruiting body.

본 연구에서는 소셜미디어 콘텐츠를 소프트웨어 시스템을 이용하거나 정성적으로 분석함으로써 L-글루타민산나트륨에 대한 소비자 인식도를 조사하고자 하였다. 첫 번째로, 1년 (2013.7~2014.6)의 기간 동안 네이버와 카페에서 작성된 글들을 수집하였으며, 수집한 문서들을 무료 텍스트 분석 소프트웨어인 TONK를 사용하여 분석하였다. 블로그와 카페에서 작성된 글들은 주로 L-글루타민산나트륨의 사용과 관련된 음식점 후기 및 MSG (L-글루타민산나트륨)-무첨가 제품에 대한 홍보 내용을 담은 글들로 파악되었으며, 기타 L-글루타민산나트륨의 안전성 또는 식품첨가물 제거법에 대한 내용으로 파악되었다. 두 번째로, 네이버 트렌드 검색 서비스를 이용하여 L-글루타민산나트륨에 대한 검색량 증가 구간에 발생한 언론보도 사건을 조사하였다. PC 검색량의 경우 총 5개 증가 구간 중 3개의 구간에서, 모바일 검색량의 총 9개 증가 구간 중 6개의 구간에서 시사 프로그램에서 L-글루타민산나트륨에 대해 보도한 것으로 나타났다. 나머지 구간에서는 일간지나 TV 뉴스로 기사를 보도한 구간들로 나타났다. 세 번째로 식품의약품안전처의 L-글루타민산나트륨의 안전성 발표를 보도한 연합뉴스의 댓글을 분석하였다. 공감수 100개 이상인 댓글의 내용을 분석한 결과, L-글루타민산나트륨의 안전성, 질 낮은 재료의 사용 지적, MSG (L-글루타민산나트륨) 과다사용에 대한 우려, 정부 불신을 표현하는 댓글들이 파악되었다. 시판 제품들의 표시사항을 분석한 결과, 일일섭취허용량을 설정할 필요가 없을 정도로 안전한 식품첨가물임에도 불구하고 L-글루타민산나트륨을 첨가하지 않은 제품들은 L-글루타민산나트륨 무첨가라는 표시를 강조하고 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 이는 국가기관, 교육청과 지방자치단체에서 MSG 미사용을 원칙으로 제도를 운용하고 있어 이러한 정책이 산업계와 소비자 인식에 영향을 미쳤을 가능성도 고려해볼 수 있다. 본 연구 결과 소비자들은 대체로 소셜 미디어를 이용하여 검색하거나 관련 제품을 구매하고자 할 때 L-글루타민산나트륨을 사용하지 않는 것이 좋다는 인식을 하게 될 가능성이 있는 것으로 파악되며, L-글루타민산나트륨의 과다 사용에 관심이 있는 것으로 나타났다. TV 시사 프로그램에서 방송하거나 일간지 또는 TV 뉴스에서 기사를 보도할 경우 네이버 검색량이 증가하였으며, 검색량 증가구간은 PC 환경에서보다는 모바일 환경에서 더욱 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 L-글루타민산나트륨과 관련한 커뮤니케이션 수단으로 소비자들이 관심있어 하는 방송프로그램, 뉴스 프로그램 등 언론을 활용하고, PC보다는 모바일을 통하여 소비자에게 접근한다면 효과적으로 소비자에게 정보를 전달할 수 있을 것이다.

본 연구는 정보사회로의 진입으로 인한 노년층 정보 불평등을 야기시키는 디지털 격 차에 대한 해소방안, 특히 미디어 소외 계층으로 노년층의 스마트 미디어 사용과 디지털 격차에 대한 이슈에 집중하여 노년층에서 발생되고 있는 스마트 미디어 사용과 관 련한 디지털 격차의 유형과 발생 요인을 분석하였다. 연구결과, 노년층 스마트 미디어 디지 털 격차의 유형은 ‘접근격차’, ‘이용격차’ 및 ‘활용격차’로 분류되어졌다. 노년층이 스마트 미 디어 사용에 있어서 발생하는 접근, 이용, 활용 등 3가지 격차에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분 석한 결과, 첫째, 접근격차에는 소득, 학력, 신체적 만족도, 사회적 만족도가 영향력을 가지 고 있었다. 즉, 접근격차의 경우 경제력과 학력이 노년층에게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났 고, 추가적으로 신체적 만족도와 사회적 만족도가 높은 노년층이 스마트 미디어 접근이 수 월하다는 것을 발견하였다. 둘째, 이용격차의 경우 설명력을 가지고 있는 변인은 연령, 지 역, 학력, 신체적 만족도 그리고 사회적 만족도로 나타났는데, 연령이 낮을수록, 학력이 높 을수록 스마트 미디어 기본적 이용에 익숙하였으며 중소도시의 노년층이 이용에 덜 불편함 을 느끼는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 활용격차에 영향을 미치는 요인은 성별, 연령, 학력, 사 회적 만족도로 나타났고, 남성이며 연령이 낮고 고학력의 노년층이 스마트 미디어의 응용 능력이 높은 것으로 나타났다.

The KLF(Kruppel-like factors) are transcriptional regulators that including the C2H2 zinc-finger motif and regulation of cell growth, cell differentiation, and development. In this study, mRNA and total DNA was extracted from the meat around the backbone of 130 cattle that has economic traits score. The KLF11 gene was act on the center of the main pathway in associated with the development and growth of cells and the fat metabolism. Genetic polymorphism was detected by DNA sequencing. A total of four SNPs(G9047A, C9104G, G9131A, C9170T) were identified in exon 4 regions, statistical association analysis revealed that the G9131A polymorphism were significantly associated with marbling score. The real time quantitative PCR to investigated gene and miRNA expression patterns and identify the relation of economic trait in Korean Native Beef Cattle. Gene expression level linked to KLF11 genes was investigated by determining its association and variation with the economic traits in Korean Native Beef Cattle. The increment of KLF11 gene expresstion level is resulted in increasing marbling score(MS). We found that expression profile of KLF gene and mir-494 was contrast tendency because the lower expression ratio of gene was the higher marbling score rating was when we analyzed expression profile ofKLF gene and mir-494. Therefore, this result has useful in improvement of livestock in Korean cattle.

To identify the cause of the error and maintain the health of system, an administrator usually analyzes event log data since it contains useful information to infer the cause of the error. However, because today’s systems are huge and complex, it is almost impossible for administrators to manually analyze event log files to identify the cause of an error. In particular, as OpenStack, which is being widely used as cloud management system, operates with various service modules being linked to multiple servers, it is hard to access each node and analyze event log messages for each service module in the case of an error. For this, in this paper, we propose a novel message-based log analysis method that enables the administrator to find the cause of an error quickly. Specifically, the proposed method 1) consolidates event log data generated from system level and application service level, 2) clusters the consolidated data based on messages, and 3) analyzes interrelations among message groups in order to promptly identify the cause of a system error. This study has great significance in the following three aspects. First, the root cause of the error can be identified by collecting event logs of both system level and application service level and analyzing interrelations among the logs. Second, administrators do not need to classify messages for training since unsupervised learning of event log messages is applied. Third, using Dynamic Time Warping, an algorithm for measuring similarity of dynamic patterns over time increases accuracy of analysis on patterns generated from distributed system in which time synchronization is not exactly consistent.

This study measured the particulate matter (PM) in a subway tunnel using a dust spectrometer and estimated the PM10 and PM2.5 using a Kriging method. For the hourly measurement, a probe was attached inside the cabin and put through the window to collect data from the outside. The Kriging method is a spatial analysis method, and time and spatial data were applied in the subway tunnel along with a PM concentration map. The result of the measurement shows that PM10 is 31.9~271.3 μg/m3 and PM2.5 is 30.9~209.5 μg/m3. In addition, The pollutant map shows that some sections have a higher concentration than other sections because of the depth and curvature of tunnel and traffic volume on the section and local construction. Also, the results show that differences concentration at different times of sampling could be distinguished. The highest concentration was found at 3 pm while the lowest was at 12 pm. We expect to use the pollutant map in planning air quality improvements for the tunnel.

For the 3D game visual effects, the deferred rendering can only consider only the scene image resolution regardless of the scene complexity. Therefore, it is effective in processing realistic visual effects using many geometric buffers as multiple render targets. This paper uses the deferred rendering for the 3D game visual effects such as dynamic lights, specular, shadow, motion blur, and water shading. The 3D game supporting deferred rendering is developed to evaluate various 3D rendering effects with variation of the screen resolution in terms of the rendering speed and PSNR image quality. The performance results show that the rendering speed of the 3D visual effect techniques with 1280x960 resolution is average 56.0% better than that with 640x480 resolution. Also, the average PSNR is getting better as the screen resolution gets higher. The PSNR of the 3D visual effect techniques with 1152x864 resolution is average 30.9% better than that with 640x480 resolution.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of action research in the field of English education in Korea from 2001 to 2015 across 36 masters/doctoral theses and 21 articles from journals. The researcher specifically focuses on the following criteria: purpose, theme, methodology, differences between such characteristics across action research published in journals to that published in dissertations. According to the results, the number of action research dissertations has increased in recent years and the study suggests the number of action research continue its upward trend; action research in Korea has been more prevalent at the primary school level rather than at the secondary and university levels; and the proportion of mixed method in English education was much higher than that of the mixed research in education with a 43% mixed method proportion accompanied by 55% of qualitative research. The study concludes that action research in English education in Korea will become a more meaningful and feasible tool for practitioners’ inquiries, as it provides graduate students with applied experience in their current demanding school environment and writing assignments such as their thesis and research papers. The author suggests that the aforementioned factors enlarge the existential meaning of current graduate schools in Korea.

전 세계적으로 원자력 발전소는 442기가 가동 중이며, 62기가 충원될 예정이다. 원자력 발전소의 증가에 따라 방사성 폐기물 유출에 대한 위험성도 증가하였다. 이러한 이유 때문 에, 방사성 폐기물의 처리는 인간, 동물, 식물을 포함하는 자 연 생태계를 보전하는 관점에서 중요하다. 또한, 방사성 폐 기물 유출은 그 지역뿐만 아니라 전 세계적으로 심각한 문 제를 야기한다. 본 연구는 입체 배양세포에 방사성 핵종원 소 (세슘, 스트론튬, 코발트)를 처리하였고 이에 대한 영향력 을 확인하였다. 입체 배양 구조체는 아가로오스 하이드로겔 을 이용하여 제작했으며 암세포 및 정상세포 (HeLa, HepG2, COS-7)를 사용하여 입체 배양을 실시 하였다. 입체 형태로 세포를 배양한 후 세슘, 스트론튬, 코발트 농도 변화에 따라 세포 생존능력을 분석하였다. 이때 입체 배양세포에서 생존 능력이 단층 배양세포 보다 최대 42% 우수한 것을 확인하였 다. 입체 배양구조체는 세포가 형태 및 생리학적으로 in vivo 환경인 조직과 비슷하게 배양을 가능하게 하였다. 따라서, 입체 배양구조체는 기존의 단층 배양 한계점인 in vivo 환경 에 적용시킬 수 없다는 한계를 극복하였다. 본 입체 배양 기 술이 중금속 독성평가 및 단시간 내에 다수의 물질 분석을 수행하는 고속 대량 스크리닝 기술에 활용될 것으로 기대한 다.

Data on primal cuts were collected from 1,829 steers of Hanwoo progeny testing programs, between 2010 and 2015 for the ssGWAS. SNP data were analyzed by using Illumina Bovine 50K Beadchip. The SNP data that matches with phenotype data was 674 animals. As a first step, the genomic estimated breeding value(GEBV) of the loin and rib cuts were estimated, which was used in the estimation of SNP marker effects and their variances related to the traits. Then, the estimated variance explained by each marker was expressed as a proportion to the total genetic variance. Finally, the SNP loci and their significance to any possible QTL were examined. Among the 20 best SNP loci explaining a larger proportion of SNP variance to the total genetic variance for tender loin yield, the region between 12,812,193 ~ 12,922,313bp on BTA 10 harbored a cluster of SNPs that explained about 7.32 to 7.34% of the total genetic variance. For strip loin yield, a peak for higher effects for multiple SNPs was found in BTA24, between 38,158,543 and 38,347,278bp distances, which explained about 8.36 to 8.56% of the observed variance for this trait. For loin yield had relatively smaller effects in terms of the total genetic variance. Therefore, loin yield might be affected by a few loci with moderate effects and many other loci with smaller effects across the genome.

The objective of this study is to investigate indoor radon concentrations and identify influencing factors for one of the representative house type in South Korea. We surveyed 3,000 detached houses using alpha track (raduet) between November 2013 and March 2014. The Arithmetic mean radon concentration of the houses studied was 147.9 Bq/m3 (GM=106.4 Bq/m3), and the range was 11.8 to 1,936.6 Bq/m3. The Arithmetic mean radon concentration in living rooms was 134.2 Bq/m3 (GM=98.8 Bq/m3), much higher value compar with the Arithmetic mean radon concentration in bedrooms (153.0 Bq/m3). The year of constructon, basement status, ventilation frequency and heating period in a house were identified as major factors influencing indoor radon concentrations. The indoor radon concentrations in houses that were constructed prior to 1990 and that had basements were higher than those in the comparison groups. On the other hand, houses that were frequently ventilated and had a short heating period showed a tendency toward lower indoor radon concentration.

This study implemented the survey and analysis of the exposure to radiation by using the questionnaire targeting H Health College, located in Daejeon from September 1st, 2014 to October 15th. A total of 400 copies of the questionnaire was distributed and among them, 385 copies, excluding 15 omitted ones (total collection ratio: 96.3%), were used for the analysis. The analysis results are as follows. For the harmfulness of radiation for diagnosis, the average of the health-related was 3.15 and the average of the health-unrelated was 2.82, which the health-related students recognized the harmfulness of radiation for diagnosis higher (p<.001). The necessity of radiation for diagnosis was appeared higher from the health-related students as the average of the health-related was 3.07 and 2.52 for the average of the health-unrelated (p<.001). The recognition on the prevention of the exposure to radiation was higher from the health-related students as the average of the health-related was 3.13 and 1.84 for the average of the health-unrelated (p<.001). From this study, the necessity of using radiation from the medical field and the recognition on its harmfulness appeared to have a big difference between the health-related and health-unrelated. For such, the accurate understanding of the recognition on radiation and the education to improve recognition on radiation are considered to be required.

경수로 원전을 대상으로 원전 내 방사화 대상 물질인 스테인리스강, 탄소강 및 콘크리트의 불순물 정보 적용여부에 따른 방 사화 핵종 재고량을 계산하였다. 본 연구에서 탄소강은 압력용기 물질에 사용되었고, 스테인리스강은 압력용기 내부 물질에 사용되었으며, 일반 콘크리트가 생체 차폐체에 사용되었다. 금속 물질에 대해서는 참고자료 1개의 불순물 함량 정보를 적용 하였고, 콘크리트 물질에서는 참고자료 5개의 불순물 함량 정보를 적용하여 평가를 수행하였다. 방사화 핵종 재고량 전산해 석 시 중성자속 계산에는 MCNP 전산코드를, 방사화 계산에는 FISPACT 전산코드를 각각 사용하였다. 계산 결과, 금속 물질 에서 불순물을 포함한 경우가 그렇지 않은 경우보다 비방사능이 2배 이상 높았으며, 특히 콘크리트에서는 불순물을 포함한 경우가 그렇지 않은 경우보다 최대 30배 이상 비방사능이 높게 계산되었다. 방사화 핵종의 생성반응과 재고량을 분석한 결 과, 금속 구조물에서는 불순물 중 Co원소와 중성자에 의해 생성되는 방사화 핵종인 Co-60이, 콘크리트에서는 불순물 중 Co, Eu 원소와 중성자에 의해 생성되는 방사화 핵종인Co-60, Eu-152, Eu-154 이 방사성폐기물 준위 결정에 큰 영향을 미치고 있 음을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 원전 해체 계획 수립 시 방사화 핵종 재고량 평가 및 규제에 활용될 수 있을 뿐 아니라, 해체를 고려한 원전 또는 원자력시설의 설계 단계에서도 참고자료로 활용 될 것으로 판단된다.

Total 24 endophytic fungal strains were purely isolated from Salicornia europaea L. native to representative saltern of the Korea, Gomso. Strains were partially identified using amplified internal transcribed spacer(ITS) regions and the phylogenetic tree were constructed. Furthermore, deduction of two diversity indices was done. Endophytic fungal isolates belonging to 9 genera, concretely in Aspergillus, Aureobasidium, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Gibberella, Macrophoma, Penicillium, Phoma, Stemphylium, and unidentified(Pleosporales), respectively. Especially, Aspergillus(29%), Penicillium(21%) and Fusarium(13%) were dominantly distributed genera from the roots of S. europaea. Among them, genera Aspergillus, Aureobasidium or Gibberella have been reported with their activities of plant growth promoting, induces systemic resistance in previous researches. This study is dealing with the securing the diversity of endophytic fungi that showing symbiotic relationship with their host halophyte S. europaea which take the counter stage as a new crop resource.

In order to reconstruct a benthic foodweb structure and assess the role of benthic microalgaes as a diet source for benthos, we analyzed the carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes of diverse benthos (bivalves, crustaceans, gastropods and fishes) and potential diets (particulate organic matter, sedimentary organic matter, benthic microalgae, seagrass, and macroalgaes) in the intertidal mudflat surrounding Yeongheung Island. The δ13C values of the diets indicated wide ranges (- 26.5‰ to - 8.4‰) while benthos showed a small range of δ13C values (-12.1‰ to - 17.8‰), although they were in the same range. Except for green algaes among the macroalgaes as well as sedimentary organic matter, δ15N values of the diet candidates (5.7±1.0‰) were lighter in comparison to those of the benthos (11.8±1.9‰). Based on the δ13C and δ15N data, the benthos were classified into 3 groups, indicating a different diet and trophic position. But benthic microalgae is the most important diet source for all three benthos groups based on their stable isotope ratios, suggesting benthic microalgae should be a main diet to the intertidal ecosystem. Hence this study highlights that the biomass of benthic microalgae as biological resource should be evaluated for the management of the intertidal ecosystem of Yeongheung Island.