본 연구에서는 해상교통혼잡도에 영향을 미치는 요소인 선박점용영역크기, 선박의 속력, 항로폭에 대한 민감도 분석을 실시하였으며, 가장 민감한 요소로 선박점용영역을 도출하였다. 선박점용영역에 대해 일본, 덴마크 해협, 중국 상하이항에서의 점용영역에 대한 기존 연구사례를 조사하고, 우리나라 진해만 피항시의 해상교통관측조사를 통한 선박점용영역을 도출하여 비교 분석하였다. 민감도 분석 결과, 선박속력 1노트 변화시 10 %, 항로폭 100미터 변화시 18 %, 점용영역 장직경 1L 변화시 34 %∼43 %의 영향이 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 그 결과, 현행 진단제도에서 사용하는 8L×3.2L, 6L×1.6L은 일본의 3.5L×1.5L, 중국 상하이항 5.9L×2.2L, 덴마크 해협 4L×5B 및 진해만 피항시의 선박점용영역 3L×2L과 큰 차이가 있음을 확인하였다.

Engine power of industrial vehicle is used to control the driving load, steering load and operating load. In other words, one power source need to transmit part of power through several power transmission paths. To achieve this performance, we consider a gear box which have one input shaft and several output shaft. In this study, the performance of gear box is analyzed to find out the reliable test process in dynamometer. With test results, the validity of study is verified.

A coagulation-flocculation (CF) process using aluminum sulfate as a coagulant was employed to treat highly suspended solids in tunnel wastewater. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a Box-Behnken design was applied to evaluate the effects of three factors (coagulant dosage, pH and temperature) on total suspended solids (TSS) removal efficiency as well as to identify optimal values of those factors to maximize removal of TSS. Optimal conditions of coagulant dosage and pH for maximum TSS removal changed depending on the temperature (4 ~ 24°C). As temperature increased, the amount of coagulant dosage and pH level decreased for maximum TSS removal efficiency during the CF process. Proper adjustment of optimal pH and coagulant dosage to accommodate temperature fluctuations can improve TSS removal performance of the CF process.

Tuberculation and slime accumulated in water mains play an important role in modifying water quality of drinking water. Therefore, in this study, it was investigated that what materials were accumulated, and what components were included in the tuberculation and slime of water mains. The Various tuberculation and slime sample were collected from the 12 water mains to analyze their physical and chemical properties and crystal structure. As a analysis method, VSS(Volatile suspended solid), SEM(scanning electron microscope), EDS(Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscope), ICP(Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer) and XRD(X-Ray Diffractomete) were used. The results of analysis on the samples, the representative materials were verified such as iron corrosion products, the fine sand particles generated during backwash, fine particles of activated carbon, aluminum used in coagulation process, and manganese included in raw water.

이 연구는 판 구조론에 대한 학생들의 개념을 알아보는 것이다. 이를 위해 충청도에 위치한 고등학교 2학년 70명의 학생들을 대상으로 판 구조론에 대한 시각적 표상의 개념 검사를 실시하였으며, 이중 10명의 학생들을 대상으로 반구조화된 면담을 진행하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 연구 참여자들은 판 구조론을 학습한 후에도 용어 및 색상의 의미, 판의 이동, 판의 경계, 용융의 위치 및 원인, 맨틀의 물리적 상태 및 판 운동의 원동력과 관련된 대안 개념을 가지고 있으며, 학생들이 가진 색상의 의미, 맨틀의 물리적 상태, 판 운동의 원동력 개념들은 유기적으로 관련되어 있었다. 또한 판 구조론 학습에 사용되는 시각적 표상은 용어, 판의 경계, 용융의 위치 및 맨틀의 물리적 특성에 대한 학생응답에 영향을 주었으며, 판 구조론 학습에서 학습자에게 대안 개념을 유발하는 시각적 표상의 요소들이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

다양한 중등학교 과학교과서 동해 해류도의 통일이 최근에 완성됨에 따라 황해와 동중국해의 해류도 제작에 대한 요구가 증대되고 있다. 이 연구는 그 첫 단계로서 과학 논문과 2014년 현행 교과서의 해류도들을 분석하여 향후 황해와 동중국해의 통일된 해류도를 제작하는 과정을 촉진시키고자 하였다. 우선 교과서와 과학 논문의 아날로그 해류도들을 수치화하여 해류도의 특성을 정량적으로 조사하였고 해류도들을 상호 비교하였다. 쿠로시오해류, 대만난류, 대마난류, 황해난류, 중국연안류, 한국연안류, 양쯔강 유출류와 같이 황해와 동중국해의 해류들을 선정하고 정의하였다. 이 해류들의 경로를 조사하기 위하여 18개의 세부 항목을 만들고 이를 분석에 활용하였다. 각 세부항목에 대하여 교과서와 과학 논문 해류도들을 분석한 결과, 교과서 해류도들은 과학 논문으로부터 획득한 해류에 관한 최근의 지식과 상당한 차이를 나타내었다. 또한 황해와 동중국해 해류는 계절에 따라 크게 변화하므로 해류 전문가들의 활발한 토의를 통하여 교과서 해류도를 적어도 여름철과 겨울철로 구분하여 제시해야 할 것이다.

최근 3년간 지진과 연관된 지자기 변동성을 파악하기 위해 주성분 분석 및 웨이블릿 기반 셈블런스에 기반한 분석 기술을 적용하였다. 이 기술은 지자기 관측 자료의 주성분을 이용하여 지자기 예측을 수행하고, 지진이 발생한 전후로 예측한 지자기장과 실제 관측된 지자기장 사이에 유의미한 변화량이 있는지 분석한다. 일반적으로 지자기자료가 지진에 의한 변동성을 잘 반영하는 것으로 알려져 있지만, 특정 지진에 대한 분석을 통해 상관성을 증명한 것이 대부분이다. 본 연구에서는 2009년부터 2011년까지 한반도 및 주변에서 발생한 총 17차례의 지진에 대해 다양한 지자기 변동성을 분석하여 지진 전조 및 지진 동반 신호를 성공적으로 발견할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

SnO2-CoO/carbon-coated CoO core/shell nanowire composites were synthesized by using electrospinning and hydrothermal methods. In order to obtain SnO2-CoO/carbon-coated CoO core/shell nanowire composites, SnO2-Co3O4 nanowire composites and SnO2-Co3O4/polygonal Co3O4 core/shell nanowire composites are also synthesized. To demonstrate their structural, chemical bonding, and morphological properties, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were carried out. These results indicated that the morphologies and structures of the samples were changed from SnO2-Co3O4 nanowires having cylindrical structures to SnO2-Co3O4/Co3O4 core/shell nanowires having polygonal structures after a hydrothermal process. At last, SnO2-CoO/carbon-coated CoO core/shell nanowire composites having irregular and high surface area are formed after carbon coating using a polypyrrole (PPy). Also, there occur phases transformation of cobalt phases from Co3O4 to CoO during carbon coating using a PPy under a argon atmosphere.

PURPOSES : This study drew factors affecting motorcycle accidents in Seoul by severity using an ordered probit model and aimed to analyze and verify the drawn influence factors. METHODS: As the severity of the accidents could be classified into three types (fatal injury, serious injury and minor injury), this study drew the factors affecting accidents by a comparative analysis employing an ordered probit model, removed the variables that would not secure significance sequentially to construct a model with high explanatory power regarding the factors affecting the severity of motorcycle accidents, and calculated the marginal effect of each factor to understand the degree of each factor’s impact on the severity. First, Model 1 put in all variables; Model 2 was constructed by removing the variables of the road surface conditions that could not meet the level of significance (p=0.608); Model 3 was constructed by removing gender variable (p=0.423); and Model 4 was constructed finally by removing age variable (p=0.320). RESULTS : As a result of an analysis, statistically significant variables were time of occurrence, type of accident, road alignment and motorcycle displacement, and it turned out that the impacts on the severity were in the following order: a road alignment of left downhill, the type of motorcycle-to-vehicle accidents and a road alignment of a flatland on the left. The significance of the models was tested using the likelihood ratio, the level of significance and suitability statistics about them, and as a result of the test, the significance level and suitability of the constructed models were all excellent. In addition, the model accuracy indicating the accuracy of a predicted value compared to that of the value actually observed was 70.3% for minor injury; 70.1% for serious injury; and 68.6% for fatal injury, and the overall accuracy was 70.2%, which was very high. CONCLUSIONS: As a result of an analysis of motorcycle accidents in Seoul through the ordered probit model and the marginal effect, it turned out that their severity increased in nighttime accidents as compared to daytime ones and gradually increased in the order of motorcycleto- vehicle accidents, motorcycle-to-person ones and the ones involving motorcycle only. As a result of an analysis, the severity of accidents in road alignments of left downhill, left flatland and straight downhill increased as compared to those in a road alignment of straight flatland and that the severity of accidents of motorcycles with a displacement larger than 50cc was higher than that of those with a displacement smaller than 50cc.

PURPOSES: The goal of this study is to analyze the travel cost according to transferring from rotary to roundabout in Korea. METHODS: This study gives particular attentions to investigating the existing 48 rotaries in Korea and building the networks of before and after improvements using VISSIM, and analyzing their travel costs. RESULTS: The main results are as follows. First, from the field survey, the domestic rotaries were analyzed to need many improvements of geometric structure for the effective operation. Second, the difference of travel cost at 3-legged rotaries were evaluated to be less than other types of rotaries due to low traffic volume. Finally, the travel cost of 4-legged and multi-legged rotaries were analyzed to rapidly increase by increasing volume. CONCLUSIONS: This study analyzes the effects using both real and simulation data unlike the existing studies. Also, this study suggests the future research topics which compare and evaluate the relations between real data and simulation outputs.

PURPOSES : The control delay in seconds per vehicle is the most important traffic operational index to evaluate the level of service of signalized intersections. Thus, it is very critical to calculate accurate control delay because it is used as a basic quantitative evidence for decision makings regarding to investments on traffic facilities. The control delay consists of time-in-queue delay, acceleration delay, and deceleration delay so that it is technically difficult to directly measure it from fields. Thus, diverse analysis tools, including CORSIM, SYNCHRO, T7F, VISTRO, etc. have been utilized so far. However, each analysis tool may use a unique methodology in calculating control delays. Therefore, the estimated values of control delays may be different by the selection of an analysis tool, which has provided difficulties to traffic engineers in making solid judgments. METHODS: This study was initiated to verify the feasibility of diverse analysis tools, including HCM methodology, CORSIM, SYNCHRO, T7F, VISTRO, in calculating control delays by comparing estimated control delays with that measured from a field. RESULTS : As a result, the selected tools produced quite different values of control delay. In addition, the control delay value estimated using a calibrated CORSIM model was closest to that measured from the field. CONCLUSIONS: First, through the in-depth experiment, it was explicitly verified that the estimated values of control delay may depend on the selection of an analysis tool. Second, among the diverse tools, the value of control delay estimated using the calibrated microscopic traffic simulation model was most close to that measured from the field. Conclusively, analysts should take into account the variability of control delay values according to the selection of a tool in the case of signalized intersection analysis.

PURPOSES : The travel times of expressway buses have been estimated using the travel time data between entrance tollgates and exit tollgates, which are produced by the Toll Collections System (TCS). However, the travel time data from TCS has a few critical problems. For example, the travel time data include the travel times of trucks as well as those of buses. Therefore, the travel time estimation of expressway buses using TCS data may be implicitly and explicitly incorrect. The goal of this study is to improve the accuracy of the expressway bus travel time estimation using DSRC-based travel time by identifying the appropriate analysis period of input data. METHODS : All expressway buses are equipped with the Hi-Pass transponders so that the travel times of only expressway buses can be extracted now using DSRC. Thus, this study analyzed the operational characteristics as well as travel time patterns of the expressway buses operating between Seoul and Dajeon. And then, this study determined the most appropriate analysis period of input data for the expressway bus travel time estimation model in order to improve the accuracy of the model. RESULTS: As a result of feasibility analysis according to the analysis period, overall MAPE values were found to be similar. However, the MAPE values of the cases using similar volume patterns outperformed other cases. CONCLUSIONS: The best input period was that of the case which uses the travel time pattern of the days whose total expressway traffic volumes are similar to that of one day before the day during which the travel times of expressway buses must be estimated.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the effectiveness of speed limit change that is defined as the amount of increased travel speed. METHODS: A ordered logit model was adopted to analyze the relationship between the change in travel speed and contributing factors. A stretch of Kyungbu freeway was selected for the analysis because the Korea expressway corporation has raised speed limit from 100km/h to 110km/h since September 1st in 2010. RESULTS: The results showed that geometric design elements, speeding cameras, and section length were identified as factors contributing the effectiveness. Contributing geometric design elements include the number of horizontal curves and vertical curves that do not meet the design requirement with 110km/h speed limit. CONCLUSIONS: The outcome of this study will be used for establishing various traffic operations and control strategies for freeway speed management.

PURPOSES: This study aimed to analyze economic effect of recycled aggregate production on job-site airport pavement. METHODS: The validation of site recycling for waste concrete as economic efficiency is analyzed through the case study of site recycling at an O airport pavement construction. The break-even point for the cost of site recycling was estimated according to two different waste concrete processing methods such as job-site recycling and processing on commission (or plant). RESULTS: Job-site recycling cost decreases as the use rate of job-site recycled concrete aggregate increases, or the amount of concrete waste increases, but transporting distance decreases. It was shown in an O airport case that as the use rate of job-site recycled concrete aggregate exceeds 61.4 %, the job-site recycling cost is cheaper than the processing cost on commission. CONCLUSIONS : The results of this study can utilize basic data of feasibility for site recycling of waste concrete on airport pavement construction.

기후변화는 해충들의 분포 변화를 유발할 것으로 예상되며, 이를 예측하기 위해 서는 해충들의 분포에 영향을 주는 환경요인을 조사 할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 Maxent(Maximum entropy)모형을 이용하여 벼를 가해하는 해충인 가시점둥글노 린재(Eysarcoris aeneus)와 호리허리노린재(Leptocorisa chinensis), 콩을 가해하 는 가로줄노린재(Piezodorus hybneri), 콩 및 과수류를 가해하는 썩덩나무노린재 (Halyomorpha halys)와 톱다리개미허리노린재(Riptortus clavatus)의 분포에 영 향을 미치는 요인을 분석하였다. 이들 노린재의 분포자료는 국내외 논문을 비롯하 여 온라인으로 공개되고 있는 농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 곤충표본관과 국립수목 원 국가생물종지식정보시스템의 표본자료를 이용하였다. 노린재의 분포에 영향 을 줄 수 있는 변인으로는 기후 및 고도 자료를 사용하였으며, 기후 자료는 Worldclim에서 제공하는 1950~2000년 동안의 평균 기후 자료를 이용하였다. 노 린재 5종에 대한 Maxent 모형 분석 결과 노린재의 분포에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 요 인으로 가로줄노린재는 고도(중요도 29.1%), 가시점둥글노린재는 겨울철 최저기 온(중요도 30.3%), 호리허리노린재는 기온의 연교차(중요도 37.5%)이었다. 한편, 가장 건조한 달의 강수량은 썩덩나무노린재(중요도 19.9%)와 톱다리개미허리노 린재(중요도 16.3%)에 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 모형의 정확도를 나타내 는 AUC(Area Under the Curve)값은 0.7이상으로, 향후 기후변화에 따른 분포 변화 예측에 정밀 기상 자료를 이용한 Maxent모형을 활용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

수원을 비롯한 전국 5개 지역에서 톱다리개미허리노린재를 채집하였고, 이미 가지고 있던 21개 계통을 바탕으로 미토콘드리아의 Cytochrome Oxidase I 유전자 를 분리, 염기서열을 조사하여, 각 지역 계통 간 DNA의 염기서열과 비교, 분석하였 다. 분석 결과, 우리나라의 톱다리개미허리노린재 유전자 최초 변이 발생 및 전파 경로는 크게 2가지로 분류되며 이들의 유전적 거리는 매우 가까운 것으로 밝혀졌 다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 발생, 전파 경로를 유추하면 톱다리개미허리노린재의 조사 유전자형은 화성과 단양이 유전자 변이의 근원으로 생각된다. 이후 급격히 전국으 로 퍼져나가 전국 어디에서도 지역별 유전적 변이가 거의 같게 나타나고 있다. 따라 서 CO1 유전자의 분석만으로는 톱다리개미허리노린재의 이동 경로 추정이 매우 어려우며 톱다리개미허리노린재 이동 경로에 대한 보다 정확한 추정을 위해 마이 크로새터라이트를 이용한 집단 유전 분석이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

수원을 비롯한 전국 26개 지역에서 이화명나방를 채집하여 미토콘드리아의 Cytochrome Oxidase I 유전자를 분리, 염기서열을 조사하여, 각 지역 계통 간 DNA 의 염기서열과 비교, 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 우리나라의 이화명나방 유전자 최초 변이 발생 및 전파 경로는 크게 2가지로 분류되며 이들의 유전적 거리는 상대적으 로 가까운 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 발생, 전파 경로를 유추하면 이화 명나방의 조사 유전자형은 벼 재배 시기가 빨라짐에 따라 전남과 경남에서 독자적 으로 도태, 적응하여 북상한 것으로 추정된다. 첫째는 경상남도에서 적응한 개체 들이 증식하며 충청남북도를 거쳐 경기도와 강원도로 전파되었으며, 전남에서 독 자적으로 적응한 개체가 거쳐 전라북도와 경상북도로 전파된 것으로 사료된다. 다 만 경상남도에서 먼저 적응한 개체가 전라남도로 이동하였으리라는 추정도 가능 하다. 이화명나방 이동 경로에 대한 보다 정확한 추정을 위해 마이크로새터라이트 를 이용한 집단 유전 분석이 필요하다.