,  , Seasonal fluctuations of Riptortus pedestris were investigated in four regions including two sites each at Mt. Yangseong (Munui-myeon, Cheongwon-gun), O-chang (Cheongwon-gun), and Jujung-dong (Cheongju) using aggression pheromone traps from April to November in 2010 and 2011. Aggression pheromone and aggression pheromone + soybean traps were set at all investigated sites, and the Mt. Yangseong A and B sites were investigated at a farmland (80 m, asl) and forest (200 and 300 m). The population density of R. pedestris was high in mid June, mid August, and late October in 2010 and in early May, mid June, mid September, and early October in 2011 with trivoltine. O-chang and Jujung-dong populations, which were distinguished in farmlands and forests, were highest from June to August in the farmland and in September in the forest. Similar numbers of R. pedestris were capture in the farmlands and the forest in June–August, September–November, respectively. From the results of the four regions, more R. pedestris adults were captured in the aggression pheromone + soybean trap than that in the pheromone trap. To investigate the migration route by altitude, 500 R. pedestris adults marked with fluorescent paint were released and re-caught insects were counted in traps after 10 and 20 days. The pattern of the re-caught R. pedestris indicated migration from the forest to farmlands during April–June. These results suggest that the insects did not migrate in August because food was plentiful in the forest at 200 m, but they moved to the forest during October due to the scarcity of food and for overwintering. The R. pedestris seasonal fluctuations in 2011 were affected heavily by the environment, particularly rain precipitation.

This paper shows how effectively sonar data can be worked with approaches suggested for the indoor SLAM (Simultaneous Localization And Mapping). A sonar sensor occasionally provides wrong distance range due to the wide beam width and the specular reflection phenomenon. To overcome weak points enough to use for the SLAM, several approaches are proposed. First, distance ranges acquired from the same object have been stored by using the FPA (Footprint-association) model, which associates two sonar footprints into a hypothesized circle frame. Using the Least Squares method, a line feature is extracted from the data stored through the FPA model. By using raw sonar data together with the extracted features as observations, the visibility for landmarks can be improved, and the SLAM performance can be stabilized. Additionally, the SP (Symmetries and Perturbations) model, a representation of uncertain geometric information that combines the probability theory and the theory of symmetries, is applied in this paper. The proposed methods have been tested in a real home environment with a mobile robot.

본 연구는 금강하구둑과 관련하여 금강에 서식하는 참게(Eriocheir sinensis)의 이동과 산란을 알아보기 위해 2007년 5월부터 2009년 1월까지 금강 수계에서 조사하였다. 참게의 유생은 5월에 기수역에서 채집되었으나, 이후 치해로 변태하여 소상하는 개체들은 채집되지 않았다. 산란을 위해 참게들이 금강하구에 도달하는 시기는 9월 초순이었고, 3월부터 4월 사이에 산란을 하는 것으로 확인되었다. 연구 결과 기수에서 부화한 참게의 유생이 치해로 변태하여 담수로 이동하는 통로를 만들어 준다면, 금강 수계의 자연산 참게 복원이 제한적이나마 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

To investigate the effect of single windbreak and combination of hill and windbreak on pollutant dispersion in neutral boundary condition, CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) modeling was used. The validity of the CFD model was confirmed by wind tunnel and field experiments of single closed windbreak. The results show increased windbreak height increasing the height of maximum concentration position and decreasing surface concentration (x=50 m) from 1.5 to 5.0 times smaller than that of non-windbreak case. In combination of hill and windbreak case increasing hill height decreasing surface concentration from 1.0 to 1.1 times smaller than that of single windbreak case.

Because many recent epidemiological studies have reported the associations of population’s proximity to high traffic roadways with adverse health effects, interest in how roadside structures affect the concentration of motor vehicle emitted pollutants in the near-road microenvironment has increased. These noise barriers may affect pollutant (for example: odor, carbon dioxide, particle et al.) concentrations around structure by blocking initial dispersion. This study examined the effects of roadside barriers on the flow patterns and dispersion of pollutants from high traffic highway. The effects of noise barriers were examined using commercial software FLUENT. The results show noise barriers increase concentration of near noise barrier wake region and decrease concentration in the faraway distance from noise barrier. The results also show far from emission position (between 100 m and 200 m) surface concentration of multi-barrier cases are 2 times lower than that of no barrier case.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of weight shift training with joint mobilization on the ankle joint passive range of motion (PROM), balance capacity and gait velocity in hemiplegic patients. Fourteen subjects were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (EG) or the control group (CG), with seven subjects in each group. The EG received weight shift training with joint mobilization in the paretic leg's subtalar joint in order to increase ankle dorsiflexion. The CG received general physical therapy training. Both groups received training five times a week over a period of two consecutive weeks. The figures for PROM of ankle dorsiflexion on the paretic leg, the functional reach test (FRT), the timed up and go (TUG) test, and gait velocity were recorded both before and after the training sessions for both groups. The EG's results in gait velocity, the FRT and the TUG test improved after training (p<.05). The PROM of ankle dorsiflexion improved both in the EG and the CG (p<.05), the EG demonstrated a significantly higher increase (p<.05) than that of the CG. The results of this study suggest that increased joint mobilization positively affects balance and gait velocity of hemiplegic patients. Further studies with a greater sample size are necessary in order further prove the accuracy of the results of this study.

도로 공사나 토지 공사에서 대규모 절성토 개발 시 설계되는 토량이동계획에서 호수나 습지와 같이 이동불가능한 제척지를 고려해 최적 토량이동 경로 계산 알고리즘을 제안한다. 대규모 절성토 내 토량의 이동계획 수립은 운반단가에 많은 영향을 미치므로 사전에 토량이동계획을 수립해야한다. 선형계획법을 이용한 토량이동 최적화에 대한 연구는 있었으나 이동불가능한 제척지에 대한 영역을 고려한 토량이동 최적화에 대한 연구와 시스템 구현은 없었다. 대부분의 경우는 설계자가 제척지를 고려해 수작업으로 토량이동경로를 조정하고 있다. 본 논문에서 제시한 모델은 먼저 제척지 영역을 평면다각형 위상정보로 변환한 후 A*알고리즘을 이용하여 여러 가시점 경로를 계산한다. 이 경로에 선형계획법을 이용하여 토량이동 최적화를 위한 최소비용 경로를 얻는다. 본 논문에서는 최적 토량이동 설계시스템을 실현함으로써 제시한 모델의 타당성을 입증한다.

야생동물 이동을 위해 설치된 '생태통로'를 야생조류가 선택적으로 이용하는지 알아보기 위하여 서울시 호암1터널, 까치산근린공원, 덕릉고개 등 육교형 생태통로에서 '생태통로'와 '주변도로'를 이동하는 야생조류를 2006년 6월부터 9월까지 총 9회에 걸쳐 조사하였다. 3개 지역 중 까치산 근린공원, 덕릉고개 등 능선에 위치한 생태통로에서 야생조류는 생태통로를 선택적으로 이용하지 않았으나, 사면에 위치한 호암1터널에서 야생조류는 생태통로를 유의하게 높게 이용하였다. 생태통로의 폭이 90m 이상이거나 사면에 위치할 경우, 야생조류의 이동에 유리한 것으로 판단된다. 생태통로를 이용한 야생조류의 종 구성 측면에서, 관목층 둥지 조류는 2m 이하의 관목층 엽층량과 상관성이 있었고, 수관층 둥지 조류는 7~8m 엽층량과 상관성이 높았다. 야생조류 이동을 위한 생태통로는 대상지 입지 여건에 따라 목표종을 선정해야 하지만, 서울시의 경우 붉은머리오목눈이 등 관목층 조류를 대상종으로 선정하고, 다양한 야생조류의 이동을 위해서는 사면지역에 약 1ha 크기(폭 90m 이상) 생태통로에 2m 이하의 관목층과 8m 이상의 수관층 피도량을 높여주는 산림환경구조를 조성해주는 것이 바람직한 것으로 판단된다.

The current number of mobile subscribers reached 50 million people can be seen as a nearly saturated state. To attract new customers means that coming to take away from the competition’s customers, so there are the fierce competition to attract to customers. So if there are signs of churn, it should be quickly analysed to avoid moving to competition. This paper estimated the churn of mobile users by using Competing risks model and Bayes’ theorem, and proposed how to prevent it. Proposed method was verified through the experiment, and it has been shown that the results of using the model is effectively predict the probability of churn of mobile users.