Cyanobacteria(blue-green algae) are not only the first oxygenic organisms on earthbut also the foremost primary producers in aquatic environment. Massive growth of cyanobac-teria, in eutrophic waters, usually changes the water colour to green and is called as algal(cyano-bacterial) bloom or green tide. Cyanobacterial blooms are a result of high levels of primary pro-duction by certain species such as Microcystissp., Anabaenasp., Oscillatoriasp., Aphanizomenonsp. and Phormidiumsp. These cyanobacterial species can produce hepatotoxins or neurotoxins aswell as malodorous compounds like geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol(MIB). In order to solve thenationwide problem of hazardous cyanobacterial blooms in Korea, the following technically andstrategically sound approaches need to be developed. 1) As a long-term strategy, reduction of thenutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen in our water bodies to below permitted levels. 2) As ashort term strategy, field application of combination of already established bloom remediationtechniques. 3) Development of emerging convergence technologies based on information and com-munication technology(ICT), environmental technology(ET) and biotechnology(BT). 4) Finally,strengthening education and creating awareness among students, public and industry for effectivereduction of pollution discharge. Considering their ecological roles, a complete elimination ofcyanobacteria is not desirable. Hence a holistic approach mentioned above in combination toaddressing the issue from a social perspective with cooperation from public, government, industry,academic and research institutions is more pragmatic and desirable management strategy.

이 논문은 미디어 속에 내포된 복지철학적 이슈, 즉 클라이언트(client, 예컨대 사회 적 약자나 취약계층)의 주체화 문제를 복지이론적으로 고찰하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 이 논문은 푸코(Michel Foucault)의 권력이론—대표적 비판사회이론의 하나로 꼽히는—에 입각하여 영화 <완득이>를 분석한다. 이 논문에서 영화 <완득이> 를 분석대상으로 삼은 건, 이 영화가 클라이언트를 ‘시혜의 대상’(객체)으로만 인식하 는 기존의 인식(주류사회의 시각)을 거부하고 있기 때문이다. 이 논문은 주로 미디어 에 대한 비판사회복지학적 분석을 수행하고 있는데, 그 핵심 주장은 주류사회의 비가 시적이고 미시적인 권력 작용이 복지서비스에서 클라이언트의 객체화를 야기하고 있 다는 것이다. 쉽게 말해, 복지서비스가 본디 클라이언트를 위해 존재함에도 정작 복지 서비스의 제공과정에서 클라이언트는 자기결정권과 선택권을 거의 갖지 못한 채 주변 적 존재로 머물러 있다는 것이다. 이 논문은 이 같은 문제를 극복하기 위해 대략 두가지 실천전략을 제시한다. 첫째, 권력은 잘 사용할 경우 부조리한 현실을 조금이라도 개선할 수 있는 강력한 무기가 될 수 있는 만큼, 실천현장에서 사회복지사의 권력이 클라이언트를 옹호하고 클라이언트의 자기결정권·선택권을 강화하는 데 쓰일 수 있도 록 윤리적·제도적 장치를 마련할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 미디어를 통한 사회적 인식의 재 고와 변화를 꾀함으로써 단기적으로는 실천현장에서 클라이언트의 주체화를 도모하 고, 장기적으로는 우리사회에서 사회권의 실체적 권리화가 이루어질 수 있도록 사회 적 분위기를 조성할 필요가 있다.

There is an increasing amount of discussion toward ODA as national status of Korea has greatly been increasing. Developing countries, especially, are highly appraising Korean case studies where education plays significant role as fundamental basis of economic development which, in turn, increases the scale and demand of cooperation with Korea. Despite growing international interest and scale of education ODA, there is not only limitation in domestic professional manpower engaged in development but also lack of plans to nurture experts and to proliferate participation of aid in education field . Thus, based on‘Competency’that has high feasibility, this study aims to theoretically examine overall capacity, talents, skills, and values etc, that are required for education development cooperation experts. Approaching ways deduced from the following study would be of support to establish‘Competency’based nurturing system for the government, universities that are already practicing for promotion of the experts in international education development cooperation, nationally and internationally.

Kang Mi-young and Lee Bolami. 2013. A Study on the Strategy of Approach for Language Policy from the Perspective of Interculturalism: Focus on the Projects of Korean Language Spread Policy Overseas. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 21(3). The purpose of this paper is to consider possible strategies for spreading the Korean Language overseas based on ‘Interculturalism’. Firstly, this paper tries to determine the meaning of Language policy based on ‘Interculturalism’ by discussing several philosophical theories on intercultural relationships: Cultural pluralism, Multiculturalism, Intercultural (Education) and Cultural relativism among others. From these theories, this paper elicits two basic premises into the strategy for realization of interculturalism: (1) interaction based on the equal rights and (2) recognition of the unique and inherent value of individual culture. These premises can be enforced by maximizing free choice volition of recipient of the culture (including Korean as a foreign language or second language). This paper expects a mature Korean language spread policy based on interculturalism - which prefers intercultural relationship to education efficiency - to King Sejong Institute and Nuri-King Sejong Institute which are well known as an offline and online institution respectively, for teaching and promoting Korean language and culture to people who want to learn Korean as a foreign language or second language. (172 words)

본 연구는 레지오 에밀리아 접근법을 활용하여 영유아를 위한 놀이 코칭 프로그램 개발을 목적으로 하였으며, 이를 위해 영유아 프로그램 중 레지오 에밀리아접근법에 한국코칭학회에서 개발한 5단계 코칭모델을 매 세션마다 적용하여 8회기로 영아용, 유아용 프로그램을 구성 하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 영유아의 놀이에서 코칭대화법을 적용하였을 때 창의성, 주도성이 더욱 증진되었다. 둘째, 레지오 에밀리아접근법에서 강력한 질문과 공감하기, 코칭대화모델 등은 영유아-교사와의 상호작용증진 및 영유아의 문제해결력을 증진시켰다.셋째, 놀이코칭 프로그램은 영유아에게 과제가 주어 졌을 때 스스로 계획을 세우고 놀이 활동의 우선순위를 정하여 다양한 방법으로 대처하는 능력을 높였다.

This paper explores central Asia's contextualization mission strategy focused on national approach to culture of homogeneity and heterogeneity. This article attempts Central Asian society's common character and differences from the historic origin and each people's cultural diversity in Central Asia. Central Asia and the entire region contextualization of this article suggesting strategies to derive basically the most basic issues of the specification that can be raised. This article explores examining particularly Central Asia’s historical-cultural common homogeneity and individuality. Chapter II examines Central Asia's history-culture and mission : mission strategy of common homogeneity. Chapter III reviews Central Asia’s mission strategy after independence : factor elements of commonality and individuality. Chapter IV analyzes Contextualization mission strategy focused on national origin and mutual confrontation. As Uzbekistan and Tajikistan develop a stronger sense of their own independence, each country is establishing a new concept of view in explaining their national origin of its own history, which is then inserted into the state ideology. Moreover, because the historical paths of the two states overlap, they interpret the same historical events, from a nationalist perspective, in diametrically opposite ways. Contemporary Uzbekistan and Tajikistan are the territories with the strongest historical links in Central Asia. Since the acquisition of independence they have been marked by similar features of state and nation building.The aim of this article is to present a general overview of the contextualization mission strategy in Central Asia in examining common character and heterogeneous features of the Central people's surroundings after independence and the different aspects of a nation's most basic historical, traditional, understanding including national origin and political system. In exploring Central Asia's mission strategy. it need to be conducted study not only common aspects and heterogeneous nature in Central Asia to identify the distinctive aspects of the Central Asia mission strategy. This article's specification of mission strategy lies in the individual culture and ethnic-based access to a variety of strategies to be drawn to emphasize that what was done. Central Asia is a mission target area.

최근 산업기술의 비약적인 발전으로 인해 오늘날 우리가 개발하거나 사용하는 시스템은 기술적 완성도 측면에서 수준이 매우 높아지고 있다. 한편 고속열차, 첨단 신무기체계 등 대형복합 시스템의 경우, 새로운 시스템을 개발하기 위해서는 기존의 단일화된 개발 방법으로는 개발과정 및 개발 후에 많은 문제점이 잠재적으로 존재한다. 따라서, 기존의 시스템 개발방법인 순공학적인 방법뿐만 아니라 역공학, 동시공학 등을 고려한 통합 프로세스의 고려를 통한 접근이 필요한 시점에 와있다. 이러한 통합적인 접근법을 수행하기 위해서는 체계적인 관리가 필수적이다. 따라서 무수히 많은 설계 산출물이 파생되는 오늘날 산출 DB의 체계적 관리 및 접근을 통한 설계의 중요성이 강조되고 있다. 본 연구를 기반으로 향후 추가 연구를 수행한다면, 국내 대형복합시스템의 설계단계에서의 안전성을 동시 고려한 시스템 설계 신뢰성 확보를 위해 도움이 될 것으로 기대 된다.

PURPOSES : Under the capacity conditions with balanced approach flows, roundabouts give less delay than existing signalized intersections; however, flows over 450 vehicles/hour/lane with unbalanced approach flow conditions, roundabouts efficiency drops due to the short time difference between the critical gap and the follow-up headway. The purpose of this study is developing a roundabout Signal Metering operation method by considering approach lanes degree of saturation. METHODS : A four-way-approach with one-lane roundabout is selected to compare the Signal Metering performance for the case of 16 different unbalanced flow conditions. Based on these traffic conditions, the performance is evaluated for 64 different cases of Signal Metering combinations by using SIDRA software. A degree of saturation(V/C ratio) sum for two adjoined approaches is used for the performance index of choosing Metered Approach and Controlling Approach. RESULTS : When the V/C ratio sum is 0.29~0.81 and Metered Approach flow is less than Controlling Approach flow, the average delay saving per vehicle is about 7 seconds; however, after this rage the delay saving decreases gradually until the V/C ratio sum reaches around 1.0. The range of V/C ratio sum 0.93~1.09 provides average delay saving per vehicle about 3 seconds. In case of V/C ratio sum is grater than 1.0 and the flows of Metered Approach is grater than Controlling Approach, the average delay per vehicle increases 3~11 times respectively. CONCLUSIONS : As expected, the Signal Metering provides substantial improvements in delay saving for the case of V/C ratio sum is 0.3~1.0 under the traffic flow conditions of Metered Approach is less than Controlling Approach.

지금 청소년들은 여러 가지 부담과 짐스러움을 강요하는 가정질서, 의미 없는 성취 억압과 스트레스를 제공하는 학교제도, 청소년들의 창의력을 무디게 만들고 억압하는 단조로운 직업세계로 둘려 싸여있다. 그래서 청소년들은 그들의 삶의 세계로부터 벗어나서, 그들의 고유한 시간, 고유한 공간, 고유한 언어, 고유한 의식 등으로 이루어지는 자신들만의 문화 속으로 도피하고 있다. 이와 같은 현상은 대중매체에 의하여 확대 조장될 뿐만 아니라 가상공간의 활용이라는 문화작용 속에서 지속적으로 진행되고 있다. 청소년들이 미래 사회의 건강한 열린 존재로서 그 역할을 다할 수 있도록 도와주기 위해서는 청소년에 대한 건강한 이해가 필요하다. 이에 이 연구에서는 청소년들의 시간과 공간과 언어 등 세 가지 인간학적 측면에 근거하여 청소년 이해의 실마리를 제시하고 그들의 열린 가능성을 제고해보았다.

본 연구의 목적은 웨슬리 설교에 나타난 ‘love’를 포함하는 표현들을 분석하고, 이에 대한 교육적 시사점을 찾는 데에 있다. 이를 위하여 죤 웨슬리의 설교 중에 20편이 선정되었다. 콘코던스 프로그램은 AntConc 3.2.0w이 사용되었다. 설교들로부터 워드리스트가 추출되었고, ‘love’ 단어를 포함한 표현들을 조사하였다. 결과로는, 199개의 표현이 발견되었고, 그 연어들의 특징적인 부분을 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 학습자들로 하여금 연어적 지식을 발전시키는 데에 도움을 줄 수 있으며, 영어학습에 있어서 어휘를 확장시킬 수 있게 해 준다. 학습자들은 또한 교수자의 지도하에 스스로 코퍼스 프로그램을 이용할 수도 있겠다.

본 연구는 지역사회복지 실천을 위한 접근방법으로 주민 참여예산제도에 관해 서울지역 25개구 중 은평구 지역을 중심으로 현황을 살펴보고 주민참여예산제도를 통한 사회복지적 접근 방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 연구결과를 살펴보면, 서울지역 25개 자치구 중 은평구는 재정자립도 23위로 서민밀집지역이며, 예산부족과 효율적인 예산사용을 위해 서울시 최초로 2010년 12월 30일에 ｢주민참여 기본 조례｣가 제정되어 주민참여위원회를 조직하고 운영위원회․정책기획시민위원회․구정평가시민위원회를 조직하였다. 또한, 참여예산 분과는 여성아동분과, 자치경제분과, 장애인분과, 노인분과, 교육청소년분과, 건설환경분과, 복지보건분과로 나눠 각 분야별 예산에 대한 주민참여를 통한 예산 편성과정에 지역 주민들이 직접 참여함으로써 참여와 자기결정, 참여민주주의 등의 이념을 구현하였다. 2011년 주민제안 사업으로 투표대상이 23건이었으며, 주민투표 결과 20개 사업이 선정되어 2012년 약 9억원의 예산이 반영되었고, 2012년 9월 서울시 참여예산 총회에 참가하여 25개 자치구 중 가장 많은 예산 40억 7천만원을 확보하고, 구정에 대한 주민들의 실질적인 참여의 기회를 보장하기 위해 전국 최초로 참여예산 모바일 투표를 실시하는 등 성과를 보였다. 따라서 주민참여예산제도를 통한 지역사회 예산편성시 지역복지 실천 기반의 사회복지적 접근이 이루어질 수 있도록 방안을 제시하면, 첫째, 지역주민의 조직화 과정을 통한 참여예산제 참여 확대와 성숙한 시민화, 전문화이다. 둘째, 지역별 공공의 아젠다(agenda) 형성을 통한 주민제안사업 제시이다. 셋째, 주민참여예산제 활성화를 위한 지역별 리더 및 co-worker 양성을 위한 사회복지학교가 운영되어야 한다. 넷째, 지역별 사회복지관련 기관과의 파트너쉽 형성을 통한 윈윈전략(win-win strategy)이 계획되어야 한다.

본 연구의 목적은 R&D성과를 높이기 위해 신제품개발프로세스 단계별로 연구개발을 수행하면서 고려되어져야 할 위험요인을 식별하고, 위험요인의 영향을 분석하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위하여 본 논문은 대한민국의 대표 IT 기업인 삼성 및 LG전자의 계열사가 최근 5년 이내 개발한 IT 신제품에 대한 설문조사를 기반으로 하였다. 연구는 우선적으로 신제품개발프로세스에 따라서 위험요인을 식별하였고, 설문지를 통해 식별된 위험요인을 평가하였다. 위험의 영향을 분석하기 위해 R&D 성과를 기반으로 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 위험요인의 영향은 저 성과 그룹에서 높게 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 고 성과 그룹은 R&D 성과를 높이기 위해 프로젝트를 관리하는데 있어서 위험을 중요한 일로 간주하고 있었으며, 효과적으로 위험요인을 잘 관리하였다. 결론적으로 R&D 성과를 높이기 위해 신제품개발프로세스 단계별로 위험요인을 식별하고 분석한 후, 영향력이 큰 위험을 집중적으로 관리하는 위험관리활동이 필요함을 알 수 있었다.

This paper focuses on A. R. Ammons's vision of plants and fungi in the light of ecology and post-modernism. Ammons incorporated ecological and post-modern symbol of plants and fungi including lichen, moss, weed and grass into his poetry. He also recognizes values in the seemingly insignificant, and finds the hidden meanings of the common, the little, the small, the unnoticed, and the lowly. Ammons already disclosed the importance and values of these little things in the ecosystem of nature. While looking at what is lowly, he found the absolute and symbiotic relationship among the lowly, the hidden, and the unnoticed. In general, three kingdoms of classification consist of fungi, plants and animals in scientific terms. In this paper, I chose two kingdoms, which have the symbolic meanings. Ammons values the periphery and the dark over the beautiful, which man prefers. To deconstruct the opposites, he ventures to overturn the artificial or man-made hierarchy of nature. The evidence that Ammons overturned the hierarchy is indicated in that he valued those that are common, unnoticed, lowly, and insignificant in his poetry. This ecological vision of Ammons coincides with the deconstructive strategy of Derrida, in that they both resist aqainst the violent unity by which human reason controls in nature.

The year 2012 is the 20th anniversary year since Korea formed friendly relationships with China. Though Korea and China, China and Korea have exchanged their friendly relationships with each other over thousands of years, the exchanges have been performed the most actively for the recent ten years. Active exchanges which are performed in the economical, cultural, and academic level beyond the field of the political exchanges between Korea and China result in the result to make both countries’ societies abundant. Furthermore such relationships between two countries are expected to play a big role in realizing the peace among Northeast Asian regions. This article was written for two purposes. The first purpose is to describe how important the meanings and roles of religions are in the societies where secularistic values dominate the society, atheistic tendencies become widespread, and the necessity of religions become weakening. The second purpose is to correct the distorted faith that the existing Christianity and the Church free the scope of their faith from the worldly or social level and reduce the faith and responsibility of the Christianity within individuals and the Church and to recover those responsibilities of the Christianity and the Church’s. In this article, the positive aspects connoted within the religions are discussed in the missionary level in the time when negative viewpoints on the social positions and roles of the religions are becoming widespread after the modern society. In the text of this article, the social roles which religions have performed are presented in three perspectives. Three perspectives are roles of the social integration, generation of the morality norms, and the recovery of the social community that contribute to maintenance of the social stability and order. Some encourage is needed to express religions in modernism and postmodern era which claims uselessness and unnecessary of the religion. To mention the meanings and roles of the religion and to communicate with people in missionrestricted areas, this article focuses on attempting conversations about the meanings and roles of Christianity with people who expect the healthy development of the society whether they are religious people or not by trying roundabout approach.

The purpose of this study is to examine the applicability of the economic approach to mission studies. In fact, the economic approach to religion was already attempted by some sociologists and economists. Sociologists noticed the phenomenon of marketization in religion and explained it in terms of the theory of secularization. According to this theory, modernity causes a plurality of worldviews, which in turn reduces religion to a private sphere. As religion becomes a matter of choice, religious decline, they argue, will be inevitable. Since the middle of 20th century, however, they have confronted with a somewhat unexpected situation. Namely, religious resurgence in secularized societies. Contrary to their expectation, not only Islam but also evangelical churches have grown remarkably all over the world. Furthermore, scholars have observed that neoliberalism and free trade also in the late 20th century have been influencing the marketization and privatization in public services, such as law, education, health care, and even religion. All these unexpected situations have requested a new paradigm in religious studies. After all, the socalled new paradigm thinkers attempted to explain all these issues in terms of the economic approach. They concluded that the decline of religion, has nothing to do with secularization. To explain the resurgence of religion in the modern period, furthermore, they have shifted their interest from the demand side to the supply side of religion. For them, religious competition and plurality do not decrease religious vitality; rather, they increase it. To deduce this conclusion, they have used two main key concepts: 1) rational choice theory and 2) religious market model. The former theory assumes that people act rationally to maximize their selfinterest. This applies equally to choices about religion. After evaluating costs and rewards, people decide what religion they will choose. Of course, religious organizations also act rationally in order to increase their membership and maximize their interests. After all, religious deals between religious buyers and suppliers establish religious market. Religious market model has been developed from this context. Then, is it possible to adopt above perspective and theories in mission studies? Simply, we may assume two different positions: 1) positive and 2) negative. The former position considers economic theories in a positive light, focusing on the phenomenon of marketization in mission. In many cases, competition with other religions or among Christian denominations often drive a mission field to a market context. In this context, people choose this religion or that denomination rationally just as they do when choosing a car or buying a computer. To meet their needs and attract more believers, missionaries use various strategies just as commercial firms do. Viewed in the light of economics, the natives and missionaries may correspond to the demand and supply side; religion or denomination can be considered as a religious product or brand. In mission studies, this economic approach will be useful in mapping out the mission strategy. Especially, the religious market model of this approach is very helpful in grasping religious terrain, religious market structure, and degree of government regulation of religion in the mission field. Furthermore, the economic approach can contribute to the study of denominationalism or ecumenics as well in a different angle. For instance, while theologians and missiologists see these issues in terms of ideology or theology, economists of religion see them in terms of a kind of religious cartel or spinoff. This perspective can give mission studies different but more effective insights regarding denominational split or unity. On the contrary, others may have a negative position to adopt the economic approach in mission studies. While the former position prefers to take a social scientific or valuefree attitude, this position prefers to take an ethical or normative attitude, assuming that there is no common ground between Christianity and economics. Especially, they may criticize this economic approach for the reductionist way of thinking in religion. The concept of ‘Homo Economicus’ or universal applicability of the theories also are likely to be criticized. In spite of some controversial issues mentioned above, it is obvious that the economic approach to religion has made great contributions to religious studies. Unfortunately, this approach has not been much discussed so far in mission studies. As we saw before, many areas of mission studies can receive help from the academic achievements of the economic approach to religion. In that sense, I suggest taking further discussion on the economic approach to mission.

인터넷의 규모가 커지면서 주관적인 데이터가 증가하였다. 이에 주관적인 데이터를 자동으로 분류할 필요가 생겼다. 감성 분류는 데이터를 여러 감성 종류에 따라 나누는 것을 말한다. 감성 분류 연구는 크게 자연어 처리와 감성어 사전 구축을 중심으로 이루어져 왔다. 이전의 감성 분류 연구는 자연어 처리 과정에서 형태소 분석이 제대로 이루어지지 않는 문제와 감성어 사전구축 시 등록할 단어를 선별하고 단어의 감성 정도를 정하는 데에 명확한 기준을 정하기 힘든 문제가 있다. 이러한 어려움을 해결하기 위하여 감성 분류에 대용량 데이터와 통계적 접근의 조합을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법은 단어의 의미를 찾는 대신 수많은 데이터에서 등장하는 표현들의 통계치를 이용하여 감성 판단을 하는 것이다. 이러한 접근은 자연어 처리 알고리즘에 의존하던 이전 연구와 달리 데이터에 집중한다. 대용량 데이터 처리를 위해 하둡과 맵리듀스를 이용한다.