막결합 축전식 탈염에 적용하기 위하여 불균질 이온교환막을 제조하였다. 이온교환수지 분말과 LLDPE (linear low density polyethylene) 혼합물을 압착시켜 불균질 이온교환막을 제조하였다. 제조한 막의 막 특성 분석과 MCDI 탈염실험 을 실시하였다. 이온교환수지의 함량이 증가할수록 막의 전기저항은 감소하였고 함수율은 증가하였다. 그러나 막의 이온선택 성을 나타내는 이온 수송수는 상업용 균질 막과 유사한 성능을 나타냈다. MCDI 탈염실험 결과 탈염량은 불균질 막의 높은 전기저항으로 인해 균질 막을 이용한 셀의 탈염량의 90% 수준을 나타냈다. 불균질 이온교환막은 균질 막에 비해 탈염성능은 다소 감소하였지만 제조가 간편하고 가격이 저렴하여 MCDI에 적용이 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.

Waste oyster shells create several serious problems; however, only some parts of them are being utilized currently. The ideal solution would be to convert the waste shells into a product that is both environmentally beneficial and economically viable. An experimental study is carried out to investigate the recycling possibilities for oyster shell waste. Bulk ceramic bodies are produced from the oyster shell powder in three sequential processes. First, the shell powder is calcined to form calcium oxide CaO, which is then slaked by a slaking reaction with water to produce calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2. Then, calcium hydroxide powder is formed by uniaxial pressing. Finally, the calcium hydroxide compact is reconverted to calcium carbonate via a carbonation reaction with carbon dioxide released from the shell powder bed during firing at 550oC. The bulk body obtained from waste oyster shells could be utilized as a marine structural porous material.

알루미나 분말이 분산된 고분자용액을 비용매 유도 상전이법으로 방사 및 소결하여 알루미나 중공사막을 제조하 였다. 용매-비용매의 상호작용 속도에 따른 중공사막 기공 구조 형성을 확인하고, 특성을 분석하기 위해 dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylacetamide (DMAc), triethylphosphite (TEP) 용매를 사용하여 방사액을 제조하였으며, 고분자 바인더로는 polyethersulfone (PESf), 첨가제로는 polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)를 사용하였다. 알루미나 중공사막의 기공 구조 변화를 확인 하기 위해 SEM으로 중공사막 단면을 분석하였다. DMSO, DMAc 용매를 사용할 경우 지상 구조(finger-like structure)와 망상 구조(sponge-like structure)가 복합된 기공 구조가 나타났으며, TEP 용매를 사용할 경우 전체적으로 망상 구조를 가졌다. 기공 구조에 따른 중공사막의 특성을 확인하기 위해 기체투과도, 기공도 및 기계적 강도를 측정하였다. 망상 구조를 갖는 중공사막 은 높은 기체 투과특성을 보였으며 지상 구조가 증가할수록 기체투과도가 감소하였다. 반대로 기계적 강도는 지상 구조가 발 달할수록 증가하였다.

양송이 재배는 퇴비배지 위에 복토를 하여 재배하고 있다. 양송이 재배에서 배지의 품질은 생산성에 많은 영향을 주고 있다. 현재 우리나라 대부분의 양송이 재배 농가에서는 배지생산 생력화를 위하여 엑스커베이 터에 포크를 부착하여 배지재료를 교반하고 있다. 이렇게 작업을 한 배지의 경우 때때로 혼합이 불균일하 여 배지의 품질이 떨어지고, 단위 재배면적 당 생산성이 저하된다. 또한 엑스커베이터로 배지재료 교반시 운전자의 작업 상태에 따라 배지의 품질이 달라진다. 네덜란드 등에서는 양송이 배지 자동교반기가 오래전 부터 사용되어 왔으며 현재는 피트형 고정건물형식의 배지생산시설이 사용되고 있다. 이 시설이 국내에도 1곳 설치되고 있으나 가격이 너무 고가이다. 우리나라 실정에서 양송이의 원활한 생산을 위하여 균일한 고 품질 배지의 생력생산을 위하여 한국형 배지교반기 개발이 요구되었다. 본 연구에서는 양송이 배지교반기 개발을 위한 우리나라의 양송이 배지생산 실태를 조사하였다. 조사기간은 2016년 1월26일~2016년 5월 초 까지 조사하였다. 국내의 양송이 재배지역은 충남 보령, 경북 경주, 부여 등이나 생산량으로는 부여가 생산 량의 60%를 차지하고 있으며, 부여군 석성면이 부여군 생산량의 약 85%를 차지하고 있다. 양송이 배지는 주로 볏짚원형베일을 1일간 물에 적시어 계분, 요소비료 등을 넣고, 엑스커베이터에에 3~4날(밀짚 작업시 에는 6~7날)의 포크날을 달아서 포크날로 배지재료를 찍어 들어 올려 흔들어 떨어트리면서 섞어 주고 있었 다. 마지막 뒤집기 전에 석고를 넣고 혼합하여 배지를 완성하는 데, 여름에는 18일, 겨울 23일이 소요되며 교반횟수는 6~7회에 달한다. 1, 2회 교반시에는 배지재료 전체에 이후에는 표면에 물을 분무하여 호기발효 에 적합한 함수율과 공극을 유지하려고 하고 있었다. 배지퇴비 더미는 폭 1.5~3m, 높이 1.5~3.0m 정도 이었 으며 길이는 20여m에서 40여m까지 작업장의 상태에 따라 다양하였다. 퇴비화가 진행되면서 배지의 색은 황토색에서 암갈색으로 변하며 부피는 감소하였으나 무게는 처음 볏짚무게에 비하여 가습 등의 영향으로 약 3배 증가하였다. 조사 결과 배지퇴비 높이가 너무 높으면 아랫부분이 눌려 혐기발효가 되는 경향이 있 어, 적용퇴비의 높이는 1.5m로 폭은 기계의 이동성 등을 고려하여 1.5m로 하는 것이 적합할 것으로 판단되 었다.

We report a facile method for preparing KIT-1 mesoporous silicates with two different macroporous structures by dual templating. As a template for macropores, polystyrene (PS) beads are assembled into uniform three dimensional arrays by ice templating, i.e., by growing ice crystals during the freezing process of the particle suspension. Then, the polymeric templates are directly introduced into the precursor-gel solution with cationic surfactants for templating the mesopores, which is followed by hydrothermal crystallization and calcination. Later, by burning out the PS beads and the surfactants, KIT-1 mesoporous silicates with macropores are produced in a powder form. The macroporous structures of the silicates can be controlled by changing the amount of EDTANa4 salt under the same templating conditions using the PS beads and inverse-opal or hollow structures can be obtained. This strategy to prepare mesoporous powders with controllable macrostructures is potentially useful for various applications especially those dealing with bulky molecules such as, catalysis, separation, drug carriers and environmental adsorbents.

This study was performed to evaluate physicochemical properties of model sausages with various levels of pressed cherry fruit extracts alone or in combination with tomato powders as a partial replacement of sodium nitrite. In study 1, physicochemical properties of model sausages were not affected by the addition of pressed cherry fruit extracts(p>0.05), except for Hunter L(lightness) and Hunter a(redness). Model sausages containing pressed cherry fruit extract(T1, 0.5% and T2, 1.0%) decreased lightness, whereas redness of REF(156 ppm sodium nitrite) was not different from T2(p>0.05). However, those with cherry fruit extract at 1% were proper to improve the hunter color values, especially redness values. In study 2, physicochemical properties of model sausages were not affected by the addition of pressed cherry fruit extract and tomato powders in selected nitrite contents, except for color and cooking loss(p>0.05). In color values, REF was the highest level, and T2, T4, and T5 was significantly low level in lightness (Hunter L). T2 was the highest value in cooking loss(%) among other treatments. The redness values(Hunter a) of T5(75ppm, nitrite, 1% pressed cherry fruit extract and 0.5% tomato powder) were not different from REF which had highest redness values(P<0.05). In conclusion, the combination of pressed cherry fruit and tomato powder might be considered as an alternative method to partially replace with sodium nitrite in pork model sausages.

This study was performed to evaluate changes of microbiological and hygienic quality characteristics of dry-cured ham during manufacturing process. The water activity(Aw) of dry-cured ham decreased significantly during the period(P<0.05). The salt contents increased from at 0 day to 60 days and decreased slightly at 60 days of post-curing(P<0.05). The contents increased after 120 days again. As the curing, drying and aging progressed, the VBN and TBA of dry-cured ham increased(P<0.05). The dry-cured ham samples showed significantly higher VBN at 120 and 180 days and higher TBA at 180 days. Regarding microbiological analysis, the total aerobic counts and lactic acid bacteria counts increased significantly during the stage(P<0.05). The total aerobic counts closely paralleled the lactic acid bacteria counts. In general, this research can be used as fundamental information for the mass production of a hygienic dry-cured ham.

In manufacturing company, safety is a important issue because it can cause many cost and problems of company. So reduce safety accident can increase manufacturing company's productivity. Safety accident has close relationship with employee's behavior, which is 'safety behavior'. In this study, researcher try to find out role of leader-member exchange and employee's job commitment effect on safety behavior in manufacturing company. A total of 279 responses were collected from manufacturing company’s employees. The result of this empirical study show us that leader-member exchange has positive effect on employee's job commitment and safety behaviot. And job commitment has positive effect on safety behavior. Base on this empirical result, researcher provide critics and manageric implication for manufacturing companies.

전기방사는 높은 비표면적을 가지는 마이크로∼나노 단위 직경의 나노섬유를 생산하는 간단하고 효율적인 공정이 다. 따라서 식물 추출물과 폴리머를 혼합한 방사용액으로 손쉽게 의료용 나노섬유의 제조가 가능하다. 향나무는 라 디칼 생성, 화상, 세포손상과 같은 자외선과 SLS에 의한 피부손상을 방지하는데 효과적이라고 알려져 있다. 또한 방미효과와 함께 집먼지 진드기 방지 효과가 보고된 바 있다. 전기방사로 향나무 추출물을 함유하여 제조한 PVA 나노섬유를 연구하였다. 향나무 추출물의 서로 다른 농도(0.25, 0.5, 1.5 wt. %)를 함유하는 PVA/향나무 추출물 나노 복합섬유를 제조하였으며 방사용액의 농도, 인가전압, TCD 등의 전기방사 조건을 최적화 하였다. 연구결과 균일한 PVA/향나무 추출물 나노 복합섬유을 얻을 수 있는 최적 조건으로 PVA 농도는 12wt%, 인가전압은 10 Kv, TCD는 10∼20 cm로 나타나났다. 제조된 전기방사 나노 복합섬유의 형태 및 미세구조를 SEM을 통해 관찰하였다. 향나무 추출물의 첨가에 의해 나노섬유의 직경이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 310∼360 nm의 직경범위를 가지 는 PVA/향나무 추출물 복합 나노섬유가 전기방사를 통해 성공적으로 얻어졌다.

Product liability (PL), which began enforcement in 2002, refers to the legal responsibility of the manufacturers or sellers (wholesales or retailers) for the property damage or bodily harm caused by their product. With a strong enforcement of the Product Liability (PL) Act, companies are required to structure and operate a response system to defend or prevent product accidents efficiently, but small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are unable to respond more aggressively due to limitation of management resources. In this manner, it is important to develop response strategies for SMEs to efficiently cope with the PL Act. In this paper, the PEST (Political, Economic, Social, and Technological) analysis is performed to reveal the impact of the PL Act on SMEs in macro-economic point of view. To formulate SME’s PL response strategy, SWOT analysis is performed to categorize each factors from PEST analysis and AHP is applied to identify the intensities of SWOT factors. The prioritized SWOT factor, results of PEST-SWOT-AHP analysis, are used to formulate SME’s PL response strategies. The study results are briefly summarized as follows. To reduce product defects, it is necessary for SMEs to formulate PL response strategies for each phase of the product life cycle by continuously collecting and analyzing PL cases in the same industry or for similar products. In addition, SMEs should invest more technological effort to ensure product safety. Further, SMEs should spread PL awareness to all staff members by training internal PL experts. Moreover, a SME should enroll in PL insurance and spread this information to its customers so that they become aware that the company is proactively conforming to the PL law.

This study organizes not only the middle-long term developing plan of safety health education to put emphasis on a manufacturing industry, but also the developing plan of activating the domestic safety health education. On the basis of this study, current safety health education can be developed. To achieve a goal of implementing domestic safety health education, this study is carried out more deeply as follows.

목 적: 본 연구는 광 변색 콘택트렌즈 제조에 필요한 spiropyran을 합성하여 캐스트몰드공법과 샌드위치 공법으로 광 변색 콘택트렌즈를 제조하고, 각각의 특성을 비교하여 광 변색 콘택트렌즈의 가능성을 확인하 고자 한다. 방 법: 캐스트몰드공법은 spiropyran과 HEMA, EGDMA, NVP, MMA와 함께 공중합 하여 제조하였고, 샌드위치공법으로는 HEMA, EGDMA, NVP, MMA를 1차 공중합 하여 제조한 콘택트렌즈 표면에 spiropyran을 바인더와 혼합하여 흐름 코팅 후 그 위에 HEMA, EGDMA, NVP, MMA를 2차 공중합 하여 제조하였다. 그리고 각각 제조된 렌즈의 물리적 특성을 평가하기 위해 함수율, 접촉각을 측정하였다. 자외 선에 의해 광 변색 기능을 확인하기 위해 자외선을 1분간 조사 후 색상 변화 및 흡광도를 측정하였으며, 이 후 암실에서 10분 후에 다시 측정하였다. 결 과: 캐스트몰드공법으로 제조한 콘택트렌즈의 함수율과 접촉각은 35.21%와 70.80°이었으며, 자외선 에 의한 광 변색 기능은 전혀 없는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 샌드위치공법으로 제조한 콘택트렌즈의 함수율과 접촉각은 40.35%와 47.85°이었으며, 자외선에 의해 보라색으로 변색되었고 암실에서 투명해지는 광 변색 기능을 확인할 수 있었다. 결 론: 캐스트몰드공법으로 제조한 콘택트렌즈의 경우 자외선에 의해 변화가 전혀 없는 것으로 나타나 광 변색 콘택트렌즈의 기능을 하지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 샌드위치공법에 의해 제조된 광 변색 콘택 트렌즈는 함수율과 접촉각 등에 큰 영향을 주지 않으면서 빠른 광 변색 특성을 나타내어 광 변색 콘택트렌즈 의 제조에 적합할 것으로 사료된다.

Cu-30 vol% SiC composites with relatively densified microstructure and a sound interface between the Cu and SiC phases were obtained by pressureless sintering of PCS-coated SiC and Cu powders. The coated SiC powders were prepared by thermal curing and pyrolysis of PCS. Thermal curing at 200 oC was performed to fabricate infusible materials prior to pyrolysis. The cured powders were heated treated up to 1600 oC for the pyrolysis process and for the formation of SiC crystals on the surface of the SiC powders. XRD analysis revealed that the main peaks corresponded to the α-SiC phase; peaks for β-SiC were newly appeared. The formation of β-SiC is explained by the transformation of thermally-cured PCS on the surface of the initial α-SiC powders. Using powder mixtures of coated SiC powder, hydrogen-reduced Cu-nitrate, and elemental Cu powders, Cu-SiC composites were fabricated by pressureless sintering at 1000 oC. Microstructural observation for the sintered composites showed that the powder mixture of PCS-coated SiC and Cu exhibited a relatively dense and homogeneous microstructure. Conversely, large pores and separated interfaces between Cu and SiC were observed in the sintered composite using uncoated SiC powders. These results suggest that Cu-SiC composites with sound microstructure can be prepared using a PCS coated SiC powder mixture.

Porous SiC beads were prepared by freeze-drying a polycarbosilane (PCS) emulsion. The water-in-oil (w/o) emulsion, which was composed of water, PCS dissolved p-xylene, and sodium xylenesulfonate (SXS) as an emulsifier, was frozen by dropping it onto a liquid N2 bath; this process resulted in 1~2 mm sized beads. Beads were cured at 200 oC for 1 h in air and heat-treated at 800 oC and 1400 oC for 1 h in an Ar gas flow. Two types of pores, lamella-shaped and spherical pores, were observed. Lamellar-shaped pores were found to develop during the freezing of the xylene solvent. Water droplets in the w/o emulsion were changed into spherical pores under freeze-drying. At 1400 oC of heat-treatment, porous SiC was synthesized with a low level of impurities.

본 연구는 기업⋅혁신⋅산업 특성이 기업의 전유전략에 미치는 영향을 특허와 영업비밀의 상대적 선호를 중심을 ‘한국기업혁신조사’ 2005, 2010, 2014년 자료를 통해 분석 하였다. 분석결과 벤처기업, 고기술산업에 속한 기업, 정부의 연구개발 자금지원을 받은 기업, 제 품혁신 수행기업과 연구개발 지출이 높은 기업에서 특허를 영업비밀보다 상대적으로 선호하 는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 기업규모와 연구개발 협력여부는 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미 치지 않았다. 이는 산업별 특성을 고려한 전유제도 정책이 보다 효과적일 수 있다는 것을 보 여준다. 높은 시장집중도를 가진 산업에 속한 기업들은 영업비밀을 선호하는 것으로 나타났으며, 이러한 특성은 소기업과 벤처기업에서 명확히 나타났다. 이는 선도기업의 전략적 특허출원의 증가가 소기업과 벤처기업의 특허활동을 제약할 수 있다는 것을 의미한다. 과도한 전략적 특허의 증가는 궁극적으로 소규모 기업들의 기술활동을 저해할 가능성이 있기 때문에 불필 요한 전략적 특허의 남용을 방지할 수 있는 정책적 노력이 필요할 것이다.

The purpose of this study was to formulate the optimal ratio of tofu ice cream made with crushed tofu and soybean milk. Also, to compare characteristics of tofu ice cream and soybean ice cream. Mix viscosity, overrun and melting down are measured as characteristics of ice cream. The optimal mixing ratio of tofu ice cream was determined by response surface methodology based on overall quality. As a result of optimization, tofu ice cream was made with 65.90% tofu cream (9% solid contents), 4.35% whipping cream, 14.35% canola oil, 15.00% sugar, 0.2% emulsifier and 0.2% guar gum. Soybean ice cream made with three different treated (blanched, steamed, roasted) soybean and each preprocess are treated for 0-20 min. Mix viscosity was enhanced preprocessing time increasing. Also, overrun and melting down was decline preprocessing time increased. As a result of comparison of ice cream overall quality, 15 min roasted soybean ice cream was shown the best quality.

Proteolytic enzymes were screened to obtain anchovy protein hydrolysates (APH) with low-bitterness under pressurization. First, the residual proteolytic activity (%) and SDS-PAGE of commercially available food-grade protease (Alcalase® 2.4 L, FlavourzymeTM 500 MG, Neutrase®, ProtamexTM) and mixed enzyme (ME, Alcalase® : FlavourzymeTM = 1 : 5) after treatments of ambient pressure and 100 MPa at 50oC were investigated. The proteolytic activity of enzymes was still largely retained after pressure treatment. The SDS-PAGE on tested enzymes showed that the electrophoretic mobility maps (EMMs) after pressure treatment were similar to those at ambient pressure. With these results, it seemed that tested enzymes were stable at 100 MPa and 50oC. Raw anchovy hydrolyzed with various protease at 50oC under ambient pressure and 100 MPa for 1, 2, 6, 12, and 24 h. The degree of hydrolysis (DH, %) of prepared APHs at 100 MPa was increased, which suggests that the medium pressure treatment accelerates protein hydrolysis. The APH by ME exhibited the best suitable characteristics, which had a relatively higher DH (36.2±1.8- 57.5±2.8), a high content of oligopeptides with a molecular mass lower than 1,100 Da, mildly bitter taste as the bitterness value was lower than that of 0.2 g/L tea alkaloid, and the lowest contents of tryptophan. Thus, ME was selected to obtain APH with low-bitterness under pressurization.

Glass-ceramics were developed many years ago and have been applied in many fields such as electronics, chemistry, optics, etc. Much is already known about glass-ceramic technology, but many challenges in glass-ceramic research are still unresolved. Recently, large amounts of slag have steadily increased in the steel industry as by-products. To promote recycling of industrial waste, including steel industry slags, many studies have been performed on the fabrication of basalt-based highstrength glass-ceramics. In this study, we have fabricated such ceramics using various slags to replace high performance castbasalt, which is currently imported. Glass-ceramic material was prepared in similar chemical compositions with commercial cast-basalt through a pyro process using slags and power plant by-product (Fe-Ni slag, converter slag, dephosphorization slag, Fly ash). The properties of the glass-ceramic material were characterized using DTA, XRD, and FE-SEM; measurements of compressive strength, Vicker’s hardness, and abrasion were carefully performed. It is found that the prepared glass-ceramic material showed better performance than that of commercial cast-basalt.