Despite the Ministry of Education's policy, early childhood English education has been widely conducted among private kindergartens and in private English Education agencies. Although there are a great number of English teachers who are teaching English to young children, few research has been done about their working conditions. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the working conditions of early childhood English teachers, to determine the problems that they are facing in the education field, and to find out the possible solutions to improve their working conditions. Sixty-seven teachers answered the survey. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were done. This research found that teachers have difficulties in attracting children's attention when they teach English in the classroom, and in developing appropriate teaching techniques. It also found that their working conditions were not good enough to keep them doing this job. In spite of poor conditions, they are proud to be teachers. It was found that the subjects wished to have a medical insurance, a secured income, and to be free from extra teaching activities, such as textbooks sales and collecting monthly fees. They would like to have an opportunity to learn new teaching techniques through in-service teacher training. They also insisted that the Ministry of Education should face the current situation by giving them a chance to become certified teachers.

1998년부터 2000년까지 3년간 경북사과주산지 사과원과 묘목원을 대상으로 잎말이나방류 종을 조사하였으며, 1992년부터 2001년까지 10년간 5-6개 시군의 관행사과원과 폐원에서 잎말이 나방 발생동향과 피해정도를 조사하였다. 사과원에 발생하는 잎말이나방으로는 애모무늬잎말이나방 (Adoxophyes orana), 사과무늬 잎말이나방(Archips breviplicanus), 매실애기 잎말이나방(Rhopobota unipunctana), 사과잎말이나방(Choristoneura longicellana), 복숭아잎말이나방(Acleris fimbriana), 감나무잎말이나방(Ptycholoma lecheana circumclusna), 한국잎말이나방(Archips subrufanus) 등 총 7종이 조사되었다. 이중 애모무늬잎말이나방이 매년 단연 우점종이었으며, 사과무늬잎말이나방과 매실애기잎말이나방은 특정 해에만 1-2 농가에서 다발생하였다. 1980년대 우점종은 사과무늬잎이나방과 매실애기잎말이나방이였으나, 1990년대말 우점종 변화가 이루어진 것으로 조사되었다. 10년간 관행사과원의 잎말이나방 피해정도를 조사한 결과, 평균 피해과율은 였다. 과실 피해는 3세대 유충에 의해 8-10월에 집중적으로 이루어졌다

As measures against the environmental pollution, maximum efforts to improve of the environmental pollution have also been made; removal of the contaminated sediments of the bay and the coastal area, monitoring of several heavy metal levels in fishes, shell fishes, sea water and sediment, and so on. The objective of this research is to investigate how much metals are included in the sea water, sediment, fishes and shell fishes in kyeongnam coastal area. Specifically, we are investigating the relationships between the metal included in fishes and sea water, and shell fishes and sediment. and heavy metals and heavy metals respectively. Heavy metals over the studied component and area, the average concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cr and Hg in sea water were 0.0029 mg/L, 0.0005 mg/L, 0.0016 mg/L and ND, those of sediment were 11.9583 mg/kg, 0.2136 mg/kg, 1.9158 mg/kg and Hg 0.0108 mg/kg, those of fishes were 0.4358 mg/kg, 0.0726 mg/kg, 1.1188 mg/kg and Hg 0.0622 mg/kg, and those of shellfishes were Pb 0.6738 mg/kg, Cd 0.2223 mg/kg, Cr 0.5516 mg/kg and Hg 0.0117 mg/kg respectively. In the relationship test, Cd was significant in the relationship between fishes and sea water, and Hg was significant in the relationship between sediment and shellfishes.

In the early stages of reading, word decoding skills are prerequisite to reading. Word decoding involves word discrimination, phonemic decoding, and understanding of meaning. In this process, phonemic awareness enables students to examine language independently to manipulate its component sounds, and to use letter-sound correspondences to read and spell words. The 7th national curriculum of English and the primary school English textbooks fail to provide systematic language structure focus to facilitate efficiently student acquisition of the English phonemic system. Therefore, many students suffer from lack of word decoding development as well as encoding development, particularly in the 5th and 6th grades. This study explores the English phonemic awareness of Korean primary school students. To achieve the purpose of this study, a test for phonemic awareness was developed and Korean students' phonemic awareness was examined. The test deals with six areas: phonemic segmentation, phonemic manipulation, syllable splitting, blending, oddity, and invented spelling. The results are as follows: Firstly, many students showed successful results in phonemic segmentation and oddity. However, they have difficulties with syllable splitting and invented spelling. While students have strengths in the awareness of consonants except for r-l, f-p, and b-v, they suffer from lack of awareness of vowels. Secondly, errors of invented spelling and blending showed that students have differing development stages of phonemic awareness, e.g., some students master the phonemic system perfectly whereas others perceive only the alphabetic sounds. Finally, this research suggests that a balanced approach to reading is necessary in the early reading in the Korean context.

Presentation is the way of revealing regionality that is hidden into the inner world. The expression of regionality has to be based on the origin and at the same time created newness as always suitable for the present through combination of 'familiarity' and 'unfamiliarity'. Regionality that has been maintained even under the application modern trends, spirits, technologies and materials should be now disclosed. Creating new forms that reflect regionality is possible only when a keen sense(emotion) always focusing on the essence of the earth works together with foresight(imaginative power) clarifying global pattern changes, under high tensions between both of them. Kim Su-Keun succeeded in reinterpreting traditional spaces, but failed in communicating patterns of life, ultimately revealing stiffness with no tension and no creativity. Kim Jung-Up could not draw out a whole meaning of relations among traditional fragments or relations between them and the present. He only borrowed such fragments from the view of formative art. For 'disclosed abstract', 'familiarity' and 'unfamiliarity' are repeated circularly and cope with pattern changes, continuously creating new forms and showing unity as a complete calmness(rest). In "YangDuk Catholic Church" by Kim Su-Keun provides a simultaneous reactivation of various images through continuous cross-weaving rather than being inclined to either the earth or the world. Based on the technique of 'disclosed abstract', "YangDuk Catholic Church" created a new form and space never seen before.

이 논문은 강릉과 원주지방의 오존의 일변화의 특성을 분석하였다. 원주지방의 오존의 일변화는 대도시 지역에서 관측되어지는 오후에 최대치, 일출부근에 최소치를 보여주고 있다. 그러나 강릉지방의 일변화에서는 오후에 최대치를 보여주나 새벽 3시경이 2차 극값이 관측되어졌다. 3차 극값의 경우 오후 최대 값보다 높은 값이 종종 관측되어졌다. 이와 같은 새벽에 발생하는 오존 상승은 일년 내내 관측되어졌으나 그 양과 범위에서 봄철이 가장 뚜렷하였다. 이와 같은 새벽 오존 상승에 대한 원인을 알아보기 위하여 기상인자와 오존의 상관관계와, HYSPLIT모델을 이용하여 공기의 기원을 조사하였다. 새벽 오존 농도 상승이 나타나는 날은 바람이 강하고 온도가 상대적으로 높은 날이었다. 새벽오존 농도 상승이 일어날 때 모델을 이용한 공기의 기원을 분석해본 결과 서풍이 불면서 하강운동이 동반한 경우였다. 이러한 분석결과는 편서풍이 강하게 부는 봄철에 대도시가 밀접한 강릉의 서쪽 지역에서 이동되어온 오존의 영향에 의한 것으로 사료되어진다. 이런 경우 밤에도 바람이 강하게 불어 강력한 혼합현상에 의해 오존이 풍부한 대기 상층의공기가 하부로 유입되면서 지표 부근 오존의 양이 증가한 것으로 보인다.

Survey on the usage of commercial poggi Kimchi was run and consumer's acceptance test of the Kimchi in the various regions of Korea including Seoul(SE), Kyonggi Province(KG), Kangwon Province(KW), Kyungsang Province(KS), and Jeonla Province(JL) were investigated. Survey result of 34% of consumer showed that they eat Kimchi very much, and 19% answered they ate Wimchi whenever they had chance to eat. The most desired points of improvement in commercial poggi Kimchi were as following; Taste and degree of fermentation should be standardized. Order of preferences of minor ingredients of Kimchi were radish, hot pepper, welsh onion, and leek, respectively. Consumer acceptance test of KS sample group showed higher preference in whole color, salted condition, spicy hot flavor and crispness than the others. In whole color and pickled seafood properties, KG sample group showed significantly higher values than the others. In salty flavor, SE sample group showed lower preference than the others.

Fortified foods are consumed widely in modem society according to increased concern on health oriented foods. This study investigated the patterns of vitamin-and/or mineral-fortified food use among 677 teenage students(13-18 years of age) in Chungnam province and Daejeon city in Korea using questionnaire. More than 63.7% of total subjects consumed more than one package of fortified foods belonged to more than three categories of five categories including sweets/biscuits, ramyons, beverages, milk and dairy products, and breads as a frequency of more than 1-2 times/week during previous three months prior to present survey. Consumption of fortified foods was higher in middle school students than in high school students(p<0.05), and in females than in females(p<0.001). Users of fortified foods took the snacks more often(p<0.001), and they tended to believe more positively that fortification can be helpful in health maintenance than did non-users. Users preferred vitamin C and Ca(calcium) as a fortified nutrient. Major fortified nutrients in fortified foods taken by users were various; vitamin B-complex and Ca from sweets/biscuits, Ca from ramyons, vitamin C and Ca from beverages, Ca and iron from milk and dairy products and breads. These results suggest that fortified foods are used commonly and are influenced by several factors among teenagers. Types of fortified nutrient, in fortified foods taken by subjects, are various and fortification is performed unspecifically. As a consequence both nutrition education and government regulation on fortified foods should be enforced to maximize the benefits and minimize the hazard of their use.

고흥 북부지역에는 화강암질 편마암, 반상변정질 편마암 및 미그마타이트질 편마암이 널리 분포하고 있다. 편마암류는 실리카-알카리 lUGS 분류도에 의하면 화강섬록암 영역에 해당된다. 미량원소는 SiO2 양이 증가함에 따라 Li,Zn, Sc, Sr, Ni, V, Y등 대부분이 감소하는 경향을 보인다. 사장석 성분은 안데신으로 상당한 범위(An32-48)를 보여주며 석류석 성분에서 Xalm과 Xsps은 석류석 입자의 주변부에서 높고 Xpyp는 중심부에서 높으며, XFe는 석류석 입자 주변부에서 높은 변화를 보인다. 본 역의 편마암류의 모암인 화강암류는 대륙의 동시 충돌형과 후기 조산대 및 후 조산대 영역에서 형성되었을 것으로 예상되며 S형과 I형 화성암류가 모두 나타난다. 변성작용은 저압 내지 중압형의 고온 변성작용(803-913˚C, 6.1-7.3kb) 받은 후 저압, 중온의 후퇴 변성작용(570-726˚C, 2.2-5.1 kb) 및 녹니석화 작용 등의 중첩된 후퇴 변성작용이 수반되었다.

A self completed survey of 250 housewivies living in the Seoul. The aim of this study was to investigate the perceptions and preferences of 20's, 50s housewives to Korean traditional cookies. The result is as follows. As to the preference of Korean traditional cookies, 86.0% answered they liked it. The frequency rate or eating Korean traditional cookies showed that 2 times a year reached the highest 45.6%. They usually purchase Korean cookies on the market rather than making them by themselves. The study showed that 50s housewives preferred Korean cookies are yakwa(74.3%), maejackwa(35.7%) and kangjung(34.3%) otherwise 20s housewives preferred Korean traditional cookies are yakwa(79.4%), hanging(60.0%) and yeat gangiung(39.4%) This survey study may contribute to the improvement of Korean traditional cookies.

최근 도시기후를 고려한 도시계획이 많은 나라에서 실용화되고 있다. 도시기후의 고려는 주로 도시의 바람 길 조성이라는 개념으로 구체화되고 있다. 도시의 바람 길 조성은 주로 하계에 도시지역의 열적 쾌적성을 개선하는 것을 목표로 한다. 아울러, 과학적 조사에 근거하여 도시의 단지계획을 합리적으로 함으로써 청정한 냉기류의 도심유입을 원활히 하여 도심의 대기오염을 저감하고자 하는 것도 목적으로 한다. 이 연구에서는, 수치실험을 통하여 전형적인 난후기일을 대상으로 대구지역의 국지순환풍이 지나는 바람의 길을 조사하였다. 그리고 이 바람에 의한 대기오염의 수송도 조사하였다. 수치실험에 사용한 모형은 RAMS(지역규모 대기모델)이다. 수치실험의 관심지역은 대구광역시 일대(약900km2)이다. 수평규모는 약 30km이다. 수치실험은 일반풍이 약하고 쾌청한 일기조건을 갖는 늦봄의 기상조건 하에서 수행되었다. 수치실험의 결과 다음과 같은 3가지 결과를 얻었다: (1) 대구의 대표적 산지인 팔공산과 앞산에서 야간에 산정에서 복사냉각으로 생성된 국지풍이 지나는 길을 발견할 수 있었다. 그 바람은 대구의 동쪽 지역에서 중력류의 형태로 계곡을 따라서 흘러내렸다. (2) 평지에서는, 그 바람이 대구의 중심지를 지나 서쪽으로 흘러갔다. (3) 그 결과로, 대기오염물질은 야간에 국지풍에 의해 서쪽지역으로 수송되어졌다.

This study was conducted to investigate eating-out behavior patterns of youths, especially junior high and senior high school students. 1600 questionnaire surveys were distributed and 1487 were used for analysis. In order to consider regional differences as well as overall characteristics of youths' eating-out behaviors, the subjects were evenly sampled from north Seoul, south Seoul, big cities, middle/small cities and small towns. As for the frequency of eating-out, 62.7% of respondents answered once to twice per week. For the can of more than 5 times of eating-out per week, the respondents from south Seoul showed the highest frequency. For the case of no eating-out, the highest frequency was shown from the small towns. As for the most frequently visited place for eating-out, 33.6% of respondents answered Korean style restaurants, and 17.6% Boon-sik(Sanck-bar). Regarding the preference of Korean style restaurants, the highest rate was shown from the residents of big cities. For the question of when they eat out, 89.6% answered dinner and 6.3% lunch. For the question about reason of choosing particular restaurants, 61.5% of respondents referred to tastes and 16.6% price. For the question of the most important reason of eating out, 52.6% point out 'meal solution' and 25.6% 'for meeting.' As for the people accompanied when eating out, 67.2% of the respondents answered family. For the cost of eating out per person, 45.7% of the respondents spent 2000-4000 won for lunch; 31.1% spent 5000-10,000 won for dinner; 33.7% of the respondents spent more than 20,000 won for the special events. Regarding the regional differences of eating-out cost, respondents from south Seoul tended to spend the biggest amount of money for lunch, dinner and special day.

Rather than focusing on the general recognition of the area and extensive preference about its native cuisine, this study carried out more practical examination on the recognition of the native cuisine by presenting the more detailed introduction of the native cuisine in Hadong area. The findings of this study can be used as basic materials to devise measures for the instillation and advertisement of Hadong area's image, the development and maintenance of its native cuisine benefiting the activation of the local economy, and the reestablishment of Hadong area's native cuisine culture. First, the overall recognition of Hadong area's native cuisine was low and more consumption needs to be boosted by merchandising its foods through the strengthening of recognition. Second, correlation between this area's native cuisine was revealed and tables need to be set and menus need to be organized with this correlation in mind. Basic materials for suggestion sale were garnered. Third, given that most outside tourists visit Hadong by word mouth of all the information sources available, it is highly likely that positive word of mouth through satisfaction with native cuisine will raise the overall recognition of the area. Fourth, precise subdivision market and target market need to be specified. Though the factors like economic costs and the time required cannot be overlooked in strengthening recognition, consistent advertisement to the middle-aged people who are over 40 and live in Kyungsang-Do area will contribute to the fast rise in the recognition of Hadong area's native cuisine, leading to the possibility of economic development in the process.

백두대간은 한반도의 근간 축을 이루며 한민족의 상징성을 지닌 지역으로 총 연장 약 1,600km. 해발 100m부터 2,750m로 1대간, 1정간, 13정맥으로 이루어져 있으며 백두대간은 산자분수령의 기본 개념에 따라 우리 땅의 골간을 이루는 한반도의 중심 산줄기이다. 또한 남과 북이 하나의 대간으로 형성되어 있다는 상징적인 지리인식체계에 바탕을 두고 있다. 백두대간의 생태계는 우리나라 생물 다양성을 대표하는 자연환경 지역으로서 자원보전적 가치와 함께 입지 및 자원특성에 기인한 다양한 자원이용 환경도 존재한다. (중략)

본 연구결과 독도의 식물종은 총 1문 3강 21목 29과 50속 48종 1아종 9변종 1품종으로 총 59종류가 생육하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 동도의 경우 유채와 소리쟁이 등의 귀화식물이 넓은 면적에 분포하고 있으며. 독도 식생으로 보이는 갯제비쑥, 돌피, 땅채송화, 섬갯장대, 섬기린초 등이 피해를 받고 있다. 서도의 경우 등산로가 풍화작용으로 많이 훼손되어 상당히 위험하며, 섬정상부에서 북서쪽 아래로 왕호장근이 군락을 이루고 있다. 섬에 있는 나무로는 사철나무, 섬괴불나무 등이 있으며, 식재된 수종으로 해송과 무궁화가 현재 생육하고 있다. 독도에서 조사된 특정식물종은 참나리, 갯까치수영, 왕호장근 3종이며, 그 중 정밀생태종은 왕호장근 한 종으로 조사되었다. 독도는 귀화식물, 무분별한 건물의 건립과 조림사업으로 인하여 많이 훼손이 되었으며, 이에 대한 복원방안이 필요하다. 이를 위해서는 장, 단기적인 식생복원계획과 학제간의 연구. 지역단체의 관심이 필요하다.