황해지역에서 생성 및 배출되는 자연황화합물의 규모를 정량적으로 구명하기 위한 노력의 일환으로, 본 연구진은 황해에 위치한 덕적도를 주 측정점으로 설정하고 대기 중에 존재하는 DMS의 농도분포를 1999년 4월과 9월 2차례의 집중측정기간을 통해 측정하였다. 그리고 이에 덧붙여 1999년 6월에는 청도-인천간 해상실험을 통해 황해상의 DMS 농도를 측정하였다. 덕적도를 중심으로 시행한 양 측정기간 중 DMS의 농도값은 4월 측정의 경우 평균과 표준오차가 24.0±40.5 pptv(n=40)인데 반해 9월 측정의 경우 61.1±37.9 pptv(n=35)로 나타났다. 그리고 선상실험에서 측정한 DMS 값은 대체로 배경농도에 가까운 낮은 농도범위를 갖는 것으로 밝혀졌다. DMS의 농도분포는 일반적으로 불규칙한 양상을 보였지만, 주변 기상인자의 변화경향과 유사하게 변화하는 것으로 나타났다. 본문에서는 이러한 연구결과와 기존의 연구결과 등을 연계하여 잠정적인 연간 배출량규모를 4Gg 대로 추정하였다. 이러한 배출규모는 과거 제주지역 등을 중심으로 측정한 결과에 비해 상대적으로 낮은 수치인데, 시간적 및 공간적으로 대표성이 강한 보다 객관적인 배출량을 산정하기 위해서는 추가적인 측정 자료의 축적이 요구된다.

Participants of this 1998 survey included 100 physical therapists working in hospitals located in Andong City. 77.7% of the participants were in their twenties and 20.2% in their forties. 46.4% of the participants were 3rd year students at a junior college, and 1.0% were college graduates. 67.6% of the participants had less than 5 years experience and 1.0% 16 years experience in their field. 59.6% of the participants were married. Regarding questions about occupational satisfaction, many of the participants replied "normal" for the first and third questions, and few answered "very much". Most of the participants answered "normal" for all the questions concerning their work environment with few replying "very much". With regards to awareness of the physical signs of fatigue, "occasionally, yes" were the most frequent answers. Regarding awareness of the psychological signs of fatigue, the similar proportions of participants answered "occasionally, yes" as that for "feeling nothing". Similarly, with regard to awareness of the neuro-sensitive signs of fatigue, there was a similar ratio of participants answering "occasionally, yes" and "feel nothing". It can be concluded that there are many causes of fatigue amongst physical therapists. Improvements in daily nutrition, mental health and general well-being are important in tackling these problems. It appears that fatigue amongst physical therapists may be cumulative and due to prolonged working hours To promote better daily functioning and early recovery from fatigue, appropriate assignments of working and resting hours are necessary. They would also benefit the prevention of symptomatic problems in the waist and shoulder.

경상북도 안동 사문암지역 및 부근의 화강암지역에 분포하는 암석, 토양 및 식물체에 함유되어 있는 원소의 농도를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 본 조사지역에분포하는 사문암에 함유되어 있는 주요 전이원소 함량(Ni 1.164ppm. Cr 366ppm. Co 109ppm. Fe 7.48%) 및 다른 대부분의 전이원소(Sc, Mn, Cu)도 화강암보다 높았으며 우리나라 efms 지역의 사문암에 함유되어 있는 농도와 비교하여 볼 때 매우 유사한 경향을 보이고 있다. 사문아토양의 경우 암석풍화토양 및 산림토양 모두 화강암토양에 비해 Ni, Co, Cr, Fe, Sc, Mn, Cu, Mg, Zn 농도가 높았으며 Pb는 반대의 경향을 나타내었다. 토양내 원소 함량은 이들의 모암에 함유되어 있는 원소 함량의 변화와 일치하고 있으며 같은 모암인 경우 산림식생의 영향에 따라 면 원소들의 차이가 다소 나타났다. 식물체 내 원소의 농도는 토양의 농도에 비해 모두 낮았다. 참억새, 쑥, 소나무에 함유되어 있는 원소별 평균 농도는 모두 동일종간 대부분의 전이원소(Ni, Co, Cr, Fe) 및 As 농도가 화강암토양에 비해 사문암토양에서 더높았다 사문암토양에서 생육하는 식물체 3종 모두 대부분의 원소(Ni, Co, Cr. As, Sc, Fe) 함랴이 지하부에서 더 높았으며 Zn과 Mo는 지상부와 지하부의 농도 차이가 크게 나타나지 않았다 화강암토양에서 생육하는 식물체의 경우 원소별 지상부 및 지하부의 농도차이는 사문암토양에 비해 크지 않았다.

낙산복원사업 대상지의 생태계 회복을 위한 계획수립의 기초자료로 사용하기 위하여 부지 내 식생조사를 통해 자연환경을 평가하였다 현존식생도 녹지자연도 및 Hemeroby 등급을 통해 자연성을 평가한 결과 많은 면적이 산림으로서의 기능을 상실한 인공화된 지역이었다. 식생이 존재하는 지역 중 산림의 형태를 유지한 지역은 아까시나무군락을 유지하고 있었고 기타 지역은 휴경지, 논.밭 잡초군락이며 동시에 ruderal 식물군락으로 판명되었다. 성과주변에 식재한 수목은 총 67종 1,243개체였으며 그중 자생종이 27종(40.3%) 544개체(43.8%)였고 도입종과 귀화종 재배종이 각각 17%, 8.8%, 15.4%로 나타났다. 생활형 분석에서는 1,2년생 초본식물이 47%를 차지하였고 귀화율은 24.1%로 나타나 매우 불안정하고 교란된 환경인 것으로 판단되었다.

The objective of this study was to determine the cause and prevalence of bovine abortion and stillbirth in Kyungi-do area. Seventy three bovine fetuses were collected from farms and submitted to the College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University. Submitted fetuses were evaluated during a 4-month period (July to November, 1999) for pathological lesion, tissue protozoa, bacteria and viral infection. The average proportion of abortions was decreased with parity in 73 abortion heifers and cows. Monthly incidence rate of bovine abortion was not different in this study. In fetuses from 90 to 282 days gestation, the majority were between 150 and 250 days gestation(58%). The cause of abortion or stillbirth was determined in 51% of the cases examined. In 15(21%) of the fetus, neosporosis were diagnosed by pathological findings. In three (4%) additional fetuses in three additional fetuses, suspected Neosporosis by pathological lesion, and in 3 (4%) fetuses examined Neopsorosis were diagnosed in 15 feturses and in 3 fetuses, Neosporosis was suspected by pathological legions. Neosporosis / viral infection were diagnosed in three additional fetuses). Miscellaneous bacterial infection, BVDV, iatrogenic cause, Neosporosis / IBRV / BVDV, miscellaneous viral, IBRV/BVDV and others were 3(4%), 3(4%), 2(3%), 2(3%), 1(1%), 1(%) and 9(12%) respectively. The cause and incidence of bovine abortion in different area in Kyungi-do was not different in this study.

The purpose of this study is to interpret a house as material into culture. Main method is an ethnographic interview with dwellers as a part of a participant observation, a kind qualitative study. Significantly two different types of folk housing are discovered in East and West areas of the Cheju Island. In the East, kitchen itself forms a separated building, Jeongji-gori, whereas in the West, kitchen is within a main building, An-gori. Different type of kitchen is formed by the different family system. While independent family system of son and father selects a separate kitchen building as a general rule of Cheju Island, an extended family system between father and son selects same kitchen, Jeongji-gori, in the east area. Natural environment of infertile soil of east area makes family work together and eat together. Inner space of the kitchen building is utilized not only in cooking but also in eating, working, and sleeping. In order to explain folk house type, a 'culture area' concept is suggested. The interrelated 'cultural type' of architecture behind a physical surface 'type' is suggested as a new typology.

This paper is an architectural paper which has been studied about dowelling form and culture in southwestern island area of Korea from 18C up to now. The goal of this research is to present the basic data in new modeling development of dwelling house. This area had less cultural interchange than inland area because of geographical conditions. Therefore, so far, many traditional factors have been handed down and especially, a good many commoner's traditional houses exit. The traditional houses is composed of Anchae (a central house), Sarangchae (an attached house of Anchae). Sometimes, Sarangchae was ommitted according to the circumstance of the house. Generally, the form of arrangement of house is divided into two shapes; One is 'ㅡ' shape which has only Anchae and the other is 'ㄱ' shape which has Anchae and Sarangchae. Approximately, since 1970's, new type of house has been built in this area. Usually, Inside this house are living room, kitchen, toilet, utility and 3 rooms. Wall is made of brick and roof is made of concrete's slabe. We can not find the traditional culture in this type of houses. The house in the futrue, the factors of cuture and the convenience of the present age have to be coexisted.

대전지역 5 개 구 13 개 유치원의 만 5- ti세의 유아 1291 명을 대상으로 나안시력검 사 및 자동굴절검사의 1 차 집단시력검사뜰 실시한 후 2 차 조절마비 후 굴절검사를 안과병윈에 의뢰하여 호응한 157 명을 대상으로 조사한 결과 l 차 집단시력검사의 나 안시력검사에서 정상이 72.3% 이었고 이싱이 있는 자는 27 .7%이었으며 자동굴절검사 에서는 정시가 51.4%, 1:1 1 정시가 48.ti% 이었다. 2 차 조절마비 후 굴절검사에서는 교정 시력이 정상 또는 정상교정이 가능한 자가 87.9% 이었고 정상교정이 불가능하여 약시 로 판정된 자는 12.1 %이었다. 굴절상태는 정시가 17.8%, 비정시가 82.2% 이었고 단순 원 시 가 전체 안에 대 하여 1 차， 2 차 모두에 서 각각 14.0%, 3 1.8% 로 비 정 시 중 가장 많았다. 2 차의 교정시력검사에 대한 1 차의 나안시력 검사의 민감도와 특이도는 각각 8H.9% ‘ 5 3. 2% 이었으며 양성 예측치와 음성 예측치는 각각 19.8%, 97.4% 이었고 총체 적 떤관율 57.3% 이었다 2차의 조절마비 후 굴젤검사에 대한 1 차의 자동굴절검사의 민감도와 뜩이도는 각각 78.7%. 5:~.6% 이었으며 양성 예측치와 음생 예측치는 각각 8H.ti% , 64.7% 이었고 총체적 연관율은 74.2% 로 더 높았다. 따라서 집단시력검사의 신 뢰도첼 향상시키기 위해 굴절검사가 포함되어져야 하며 구체적인 검사항목 및 측정 기기에 대한 연구가 계속되어져야 한다고 생각한다. 추가적으로 보건관련기관에 전분 의의 최종적 진단아래 집단시력검사 요원으로써 안경사의 활용이 검토되어져야 한다 고 제안하는 바이다.

This study was executed for 300 mothers bringing up a child below 3 years in the area of Kangnung to assess the current weaning practice of infants. 24.6% of mother surveyed were breast-fed, 57.8% were formula-fed and 17.5% were mixed-fed. The rate of breast feeding was lower and the rate of bottle feeding was higher in infants whose mothers had more income or higher educational period or full-time job. Most of the respondents knew the significance of supplementary food. 41.4% of the subjects started weaning of their infants at 3-4 months, and 84.1% of them set on weaning in less than 7 months after babies were born. And 39.4% of the subjects finished weaning of their infants in less than one year. The infants of this study preferred the fruits and fishes to meats, vegetables and beans that served to them as supplementary food. Mothers showed deep interest in recipe of weaning food(48.5%), adequate quantity of weaning food(36.3%), information on commercial food for infants(32.2%), and sequence in which semi-solid food are introduced(31.9%). From these results, it is suggested that education program in primary health center for improvement of weaning practice of infants should be implemented reflecting needs of mothers.

The health, anthropometry, food habits, food intake frequency and nutrition intake of 747(219 men and 528 women) elderly people living in Inchon were investigated. Mean BMI, WHR, triceps skinfold thickness, BIA, blood pressure of the subjects were 23.4, 1.0, 15.6mm, 28.6%, 137.5/78.8mmHg in men and 24.9, 0.87, 22.6mm, 36.2%, 130.8/73.8mmHg in women respectively. Over the half of the subjects perceived themselves unhealthy and 86.2% of the elderly suffered from one or more illness. Ratios of the smoking and the drinking elderly were 40%, 43% in men and 12%, 11% in women. The major reason to stop smoking or drinking was the concern about their health. Food habit score of the subjects was relatively high (14.45/18.0) but food intake frequency score were relatively low (21.18/33.0) except the food groups of cereal & grain, white vegetable and sweets. The foods consumed by the elderly were very limited in quality and also in quantity. The daily intakes of calorie, protein, iron, vit. B1, niacin and vit. C were less than 2/3 of RDA and the amounts of calcium, vit. A and vit. B2 consumption were less than 1/2 of RDA.

충청북도 옥천군 지역의 붉은점모시나비에 대한 소멸원인과 복원방안을 조사하였다. 붉은점모시나비는 과거 중부지역인 옥천군에서 비교적 많은 개체가 발생하였으나, 그 수가 계속 감소하여 1997에는 두 마리의 성충만 확인되었고, 1998년에는 확인되지 않았다. 따라서 현재 옥천군지역에서 붉은점모시나비는 소멸된 것으로 추정된다. 붉은점모시나비의 소멸원인을 알아보기 위하여 1990∼1998년간 옥천군 7곳의 서식지에 대한 조사 기록의 분석과 여러기관에 소장된 표본

The purpose of this study is to examine current foodservice management practices at free congregate meal service for elderly people. Forty seven meal service centers as well as randomly selected Seoul and Kyunggido area were surveyed and interviewed and results were summarized as follows: The cost of each meal(lunch) was ranged from 1,300 won to 1,500 won and 68% of target centers were severed over 100 meals per day. Meal time for lunch begins from 10:30 am to 12:00 because great portion of elderly didn't take breakfast frequently. 52.3% of centers severed meal 5 times per week, just weekdays. 21.3% of centers employeed dietitian, 63.8% of center employeed cook. 95.7% of center were supported labor force by volunteers. Volunteer was important contribution to free meal service. Utilizing the labor force more effectively is thus a major challenge facing manager in each center. Ideal supporting system of free foodstuff, foodbank was still minor source of securing foodstuff. Most of centers(46 centers)served lunch, only one of them served breakfast and lunch. Government was the major financial sponsor, the second of them was religious organization. The large portions of financial support provided only food cost of total meal service budget. Most of center adapted self-service system. Standardized recipes were not developed and meal preparation was controlled under the experience of volunteers. Recording system of nutrition management, production control, storage and inventory control was not adapted by most of sites. It is suggested that in order to meet the change of the patterns of social and family structure, the service of the center should be offended in urban area and it is necessary to develop systematic management models for the center. It was suggested that not only financial support but also systematical support on management by the local government may be necessary to meet the goal of supply nutritionally balanced food at center.

The purposes of this study were to investigate changes in serum lipid levels with age and gender, and to determine which factors affect the serum lipid profiles. The anthropometric parameters(height, weight, waist girth, hip girth) and biochemical status(cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-chol.) were measured for clinically normal adults(male 89, female 91) in Yeongdong area. The results are as follows: 1. The obesity index was significantly higher in female(115.2±15.2%) than in male(109.9±13.4%), but waist/hip girth ratio(WHR) was significantly higher in male (0.89±0.05) than in female(0.81±0.06). 2. Male subjects had higher triglyceride and atherogenic index and lower HDL-cholesterol and relative cholesterol than those of female subjects. 3. Prevalences of hypercholesteolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and hypoHDL-cholesterolemia were 9.0%, 9.0%, 14.6% respectively in male and 9.9%, 2.2%, 4.4% in female. 4. WHR positively correlated with serum cholesterol, TG, LDL/HDL and A.I., and negatively correlated with HDL-chol. and relative chol. Correlation analyses indicated that WHR seemed to be more closely associated with serum lipid levels(rather than obesity index). 5. Age showed positive correlations with waist girth, WHR, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, LDL/HDL and A.I., but negative correlations with height, body weight and relative cholesterol. 6. There was significant differences in TG concentration between drinker(169.3±130.0mg/dl) and non-drinker(111.4±64.5mg/dl), and smoker(165±103.6mg/dl) and non-smoker (110.8±39.0mg/dl). That is to say that as risk factors for hyperlipidemia are obesity index, serum lipid concentration, life style(such as alcohol drinking and smoking) and age. Specially major risk factors are drinking, smoking and regulated exercise in male and age is an important risk factor in female.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the current situation of children's milk intake at home and school in order to identify the better way to help children's milk intake. For this, 895 elementary students participated in this study through the questionnaire developed by researchers. Conclusions drawn from the results of this study are as follows : 1. Various kinds of milk should be provided for children both at home and school so that they can choose an appropriate milk for themselves. 2. Teachers at school should help children's milk intake not through forcing them but through appropriate educational approach. 3. Milk distribution system and ways of refrigeration of milk in school should be improved. 4. Nutrition education should be implemented for children so that they themselves choose milk as favorite beverage.

This nutritional survey was conducted in February 25, 1999, in order to investigate the nutritional knowledge, dietary attitudes and nutrient intakes of dietitians living in Kangwon area. Subjects consisted of 250 dietitians, with 184 in school food service, 14 in hospital food service and 52 in institution food service. Data were analyzed for frequencies, means, t-test, 2-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation using SPSS PC Package. The results obtained are summarized as follows: The average nutritional knowledge score was 10.15 out of possible 15 points, and dietary attitude score was 67.93 out of 100 points. The correlation between nutritional knowledge score and dietary attitude score was lowly(γ=-0.25). Nutrients consumed below the Korean RDA were energy (78.77%), Ca(90.5%), Fe(83.70%) and nutrients consumed above the Korean RDA were protein(110.83%), P(140.21%), vit.A(163.94%), vit.B2(126.37%), niacin(121.12%) and vit C(231.86%). Carbohydrate, protein and fat ratio on energy composition was 63%:17%:20%. The nutrient density among 3 groups of dietitian was not significantly different.

서귀포시와 남제주군 지역의 영유아를 대상으로 수유실태를 조사하였는데 조사대상은 3세 이하의 유아를 양육하고 있는 어머니로 서귀포시 지역 206명 과 남제주군 지역 149명이었다. 조사대상아 중 남아는 54.4%, 여아는 45.5%로 남아의 비율이 높았으며, 출생시의 체중은 평균 약 3.34㎏으로 여아와 남아의 유의차가 거의 없었다. 어머니의 학력은 조사 대상자의 대부분이 고졸 이상이었으며, 서귀포시 지역의 경우는 48.1%, 남제주군 지역은 43.4%가 직업을 가지고 있었다. 초유 수유 비율은 서귀포시 지역 69.9%, 남제주군 지역 63.1%였으며 학력이 높을수록 초유 수율 비율이 높았다. 수유방법은 아기의 성별, 출생시의 체중, 어머니의 직업과 어머니의 학력과 유의성이 있었는데 여아이며, 출생시의 체중이 정상체중이고, 어머니가 직업이 있는 경우 인공수유의 비율이 높았다. 그러나 어머니의 학력과 수유방법의 관계를 보면 서귀포시 지역인 경우는 학력과 수유방법과의 유의성이 낮았으나. 남제주군인 경우 고졸이 대졸 이상에 비해 모유수유 비율이 높았다. 지역에 따른 수유방법도 유의적인 차이를 보여(p<0.001) 소도시인 서귀포시 지역은 인공영양이 농촌지역인 남제주군은 모유영양 비율이 높았다. 인공 및 혼합영양을 하게 된 이유로는 젖이 모자라서가 가장 많았으며, 모유 영양을 권한 사람으로는 서귀포시 지역에서는 어머니 자신이 남제주군 지역에서는 아이의 할머니라고 답한 경우가 가장 많았다. 또한 서귀포시 지역은 인공분만 비율이 남제주군 지역보다 높았으며 인공 분만의 경우 모유 섭취율은 낮았다.

전남 일부지역 중고등학교에 재학중인 남·녀학생 460명을 대상으로 음료 섭취량과 음료 섭취 행동에 영향을 주는 요인 및 음료의 기호도에 대하여 조사한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 단위 체중당 음료 섭취량은 총평균 28.5ml로 중학생이 고등학생보다 높게 나타났으며, 남·녀별로는 거의 비슷하게 나타났다. 1일 평균 음료 섭취량은 총 671.66ml이며 각 음료군별로는 물 304.1ml, 탄산음료류 156.9ml. 유제품류 110.5ml. 과일쥬스류 36.2ml, 야채쥬스류 15.5ml. 커피 및 코코아류 32.9ml, 한국 전통음료류 26.5ml로 나타났고 남.녀별로는 남학생이 685.5ml로 여학생 654.9ml보다 높게 나타났다. 카페인음료는 고교생이 중학생보다 더 많이 섭취하였다(p<0.05). 음료 섭취량에 영향을 주는 요인을 살펴보면 간식을 자주 먹는 사람이 가끔 먹는 사람보다 음료 섭취량이 높았으며 식사내용과의 관계에서는 육식을 좋아하는 사람이 음료 섭취량이 가장 높았다. 또한 빵식을 자주 하는사람이 매끼 밥식을 하는사람 보다 음료섭취량이 유의적으로(P<0.01) 높게 나타났다. 기호도가 높은 음료는 오렌지 쥬스, 물. 우유, 요구르트, 식혜 등이고 싫어하여 먹지 않는 것은 전통차가 많았으며, 먹어본 경험이 없는 것도 대부분 전통료유와 주류로, 전통음료에 대한 기호도가 낮게 나타났다.