전남지방의 고로쇠나무 수액에 대해 sucrose, 무기물, phenol화합물을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. Sucrose의 함량은 일반적으로 2차 채취시기에 높게 나타났으며, 지역에 따라 차이는 있으나 2∼3%정도였다. 채취방법은 사구법이 천공법보다 높게 나타났다. 2. ToTal phenol화합물 역시 2차 채취시기에 높게 나타났으며, 0.034∼0.151 mg/100ml의 수준이었고, 가장 다량 함유된 phenol화합물은 phloroglucinol이었으며, 역시 사구법에서 천공법보다 높게 나타났다. 3.무기물의 경우 역시 2차 채취시기에 높게 나타났으며, 역시 사구법에서 천공법보다 높게 나타났다.

We will calculate concentration of air pollutants using ISCST3, FDM and AERMOD of models recommended in U. S. EPA which are able to predict concentration of short term for point source, complex like industrial complex, power plant and burn-up institution. Before executing model, as analyzing computational result of many cases according to selecting of input data, we will increasing predictable ability of model in limit range of model. Especially, we analyzed three cases - case of considering various emission rate according to time scale and not, case considering effect of atmospheric pollution materials removed by physical process. In our study, after comparing and analyzing results of three model, we choose the atmospheric dispersion model reflected well the characteristic of the area. And we will investigate how large the complex pollutant sources such as industrial complex contribute to atmospheric environment and air quality of the surrounding the area as predicting and estimating chosen model.

In this study, the regional frequency analysis is used to determine each subbasin drought frequency with reliable monthly precipitation and the L-Moments method which is almost unbiased and has very nearly a normal distribution is used for the parameter estimation of monthly precipitation time series in Nakdong river basin. As the result of this study, the duration of '93-'94 is most severe drought year than any other water year and the drought frequency is established as compared the regional frequency analysis result of cumulative precipitation of 12th duration months in each subbasin with that of 12th duration months in the major drought duration. The Linear regression equation is induced according to linear regression analysis of drought frequency between Nakdong total basin and each subbasin of the same drought duration. Therefore, as the foundation of this study, it can be applied proposed method and procedure of this study to the water budget analysis considering safety standards for the design of impounding facilities large-scale river basin and for this purpose, above all, it is considered that expansion of reliable preciptation data is needed in watershed rainfall station.

This studys concerns with a critical issues of urban and rural integration for rurban development. Todays, many of urban-rural integrated cities are confronted with the negative effects of administrative boundary integration. The first problem is induced from the developmental gaps and different residential demands between the core-city and peripheral-county. The second problem is social-economic and administrative unification costs neglected. The third problem is the environmental pollutions and degradations in peripheral-county by rapid urbanization. The forth problem is the inequality of the public services and regional investments in the urban-rural Integrated cities. The fifth problem is the administrative relation and financial distribution between core-city and residual province when the urban-rural integrated core-city becomes large urban city. The results of the questionnaire analysis as follows. The first point, the preference of administrative boundary integration is different in intra-areas of urban-rural integrated county by it's location. The second point, the diversity of preference of residents depends on theirs job, age, resdential period, education and income level. So, administrative boundary integration must consider the many important factors which affect the socio-economic situations between the core-city and peripheral-county. In conclusion, residents' preference for the admistrative boundary integration depends on their situation without rational approach for macro regional development. In this contexts, comprehensive approach for the urban-rural administrative boundary integration is needed in consistent with rapid change of local government's functions.

Packing house is the regional center in which packing, sorting, storage, and selling of harvested fruits are taken care of all together. It is located at the producing centers, and commercializes their apples. Apple grading policies of chief producing centers should concentrate on enhancing functions and roles of its local packing house. Consequently new packing house policies for enacting individual grading standards at national and local levels should be developed. This study is to develop Korea packing house on the basis of field survey in New York State. Increasing the utilization of packing house is the main key to the success of apple grading project. Therefore, effective arrangement and utilization of sorting facilities should be evaluated and new system which enables apple farms, local cooperatives, and corporations to joint-utilize packing house must to be established.

This study was conducted to examine the monthly and seasonal variation of SO2, TSP, O3 concentration in Dongsamdong, Pusan coastal area. And the characteristics of air pollution of this area was compared to Kwangbokdong in Pusan and Taehadong in Ullungdo. Monthly mean concentration of SO2 and TSP showed lower than Kwangbokdong, O3 was higher than Kwangbokdong. In case of SO2, seasonal variation of Dongsamdong was remarkabler than Kwangbokdong and the concentration difference of early morning and daytime was higher than Kwangbokdong, Taehadong showed very lower concentration as background area. In case of TSP, Dongsamdong was lower concentration and smaller diurnal change than Kwangbokdong, Taehadong showed very lower concentration as background area. In case of O3, Dongsamdong was l0ppb higher than Kwangbokdong at daytime maximum concentration, diurnal change of concentration was higher, too. In case of frequency distribution of concentration, SO2 and TSP at Dongsamdong showed higher frequency in low concentration class and O3 showed in high concentration class as compared with Kwangbokdong.

This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of acidity in the precipitation and weather patterns that were influenced it at Kimhae area from March, 1992 to June, 1994. The range of pH value in the precipitation at Kimhae is 3.45 to 6.80 and the average is pH 4.62, and the major anion components associated with acidity in the precipitation are Cl-, SO42- , NO3-. These distributions are to be expected the influence of industrialization such as, urbanization and construction of industrial complex at Kimhae area and the long range transporting of air pollutants from China. The weather patterns governing the acid rain at Kimhae were classified broadly into four types(Cyclone(type I-a, type I-b), Migratory Anticyclone(type Ⅱ), Tropical Cyclone(type Ⅲ), Siberia High(type Ⅳ)) and weather pattern which had the most occurrence frequency of acid rain was type I-a and the average pH value of precipitation in this pattern was 4.45, and we are found that the source area of air mass which was accompanied with high acidic precipitation in Kimhae was the central China include with Peking through the analysis of surface weather maps, 850 hPa wind fields, and the streamline analyses.

To estimate the residence times of aerosols in air, the activities of 210Pb and 210Po in aerosols were measured at 4 sites in Pusan. All aerosol samples were collected by a high volume air sampler from January to October 1996. The activities 210Pb and 210Po in Pusan were varied from 11.77 to 67.57 dpm/1000㎥ and from 2.63 to 15.91 dpm/1000㎥, respectively. The mean activities were 34.62 dpm/1000㎥ for 210Pb and 8.24 dpm/1000㎥ for 210Po. The highest values of the activities of 210Pb and 210Po were appeared at P3 site and the lowest values at P4 site. During the sampling period, the trends of the activities of 210Po and 210Pb were similar to total suspended particulate matter(TSP) concentrations. The mean residence times of atmospheric aerosols calculated from 210Po/210Pb activity ratio was about 60∼80 days in Pusan. The longest residence time of atmospheric aerosols was in January because of the lack of rainout and washout, but the shortest residence time was in August, largely due to scavenging effect by frequent rains. The activities of 210Po and 210Pb in atmospheric aerosols were different in time and space, which seems that the distribution of 210Po and 210Pb activities and scavenging processes in air may be controlled by the local and meteorological conditions.

The incidence of aseptic meningitis infection is ensuing and threatening the health of children. Enteroviruses are the major agents of aseptic meningitis and identification of virus has been a clue to diagnosis and epidemiology. The outbreak of aseptic meningitis occurred in Pusan, 1998. Patients were concentrated from April through November. Children were more susceptible than adults. Among 306 cases of specimens from stool, throat swab tested, only 7.2% were positive on virus isolation, 12 cases from stool and 10 from throat, respectively. All isolated 7 serotypes of viruses represented cytopathic effect on cultured cells. Three types of echovirus 6, 25, 30 and coxsackievirus B2, B3, B4, B6 were identified by neutralizing antibody test. Isolated coxsackievirus and echovirus were observed by an electron microscope with negative staining.

전라북도 지역내에 분포하고 있는 야생초목화를 개발하기 위한 자원식물을 조사하였다. 본 조사결과 봄철에 꽃피는 식물은 131종류(전체의 34.7%), 여름에는 219종류(58.1%), 가을에 25종류(6.6%) 그리고 겨울에는 2종류(0.5%)이었고, 봄부터 겨울까지 피는 꽃의 색깔은 모두 26종류로 다양했으며 가장 많은 꽃색은 백색으로 전체의 28.9%, 그다음은 황색 20.7%, 자주색 16.4%, 홍자색 7.9%의 순으로 나타났다. 시군지역별로 많이 심고있는 야생화는 애기똥풀, 원추리, 붓꽃, 산철쭉, 진달래, 할미꽃, 구절초, 민들레, 산국, 맥문동, 석산 등을 들 수 있다. 야생하고 있는 식물을 채취하여 그대로 시판하고 있는 식물은 26종류로 조사되었는데 보춘화, 원추리, 석산, 구절초가 그 대표적인 예에 속한다. 우리나라 야생화를 외국에 반출당하지 않고 개량하여 우수상품으로 만들 대상으로는 총 343종이며 국화과 식물 41종류, 장미과 25종류, 백합과 20종류 그리고 미나리아재비과 18종류의 순으로 조사되었다. 앞으로 보호해야 할 대상으로는 창포, 광릉요강 꽃, 개불알꽃, 새우난초, 금낭화, 호랑가시나무, 노각나무, 송악, 미선나무, 산개나리, 자주꽃방망이 등이다. 이들은 식물수가 격감되어서 희귀상태이거나 멸종위기 또는 학술상 중요하기 때문이다. 전북지역에는 식물분포상 남방인자와 북방인자가 섞여 분포하고 있을 뿐만 아니라 풍부하고 다양한 야생화 자원식물이 존재하고 있으므로 이의개발을 위한 기초자료를 마련하였다.

Physicochemical properties of Satsuma mandarin(Citrus unshiu Marc. var. miyagawa) harvested in middle of November according to production areas of Cheju were investigated. Peel thickness of citrus fruits was ranged from 2.54mm to 3.13mm, and it was lower on fruits harvested in western areas than those of other areas in Cheju. Soluble solids were ranged from 10.1 to 12.0Brix, and it was lower on fruits harvested in southern areas. Acid contents of citrus juice were ranged from 1.28% to 1.42%, it was higher on fruits harvested in eastern areas, specific gravity of citrus fruits was ranged between 0.86 and 0.88. Flesh ratio was ranged from 75.1% to 77.6%, it was lower on fruits harvested in southern areas. Soluble solids, acid content and specific gravity harvested in southern areas of below 100m and over 150m sea level altitude were 11.8 and 11.2, 1.43% and 1.40%, 0.87 and 0.9, respectively. Fruits quality harvested in southern areas was better, compared to other harvest areas of Cheju.

Air quality modeling about coastal urban region such as Pusan shoud be consider shipping source emmited from ships anchoraging and running. It has been proved at our previous studies that the ratios of air pollutants emission amount in coastal area to inland are 12.2% for NO2 and 11.7% for SO2 and the air quality of coastal urban area consierably counts on ships. Also the dispersion pattern of the air pollutants followed local circulation system in this region. Therefore this study has been developed air quality model which can describe the formation, transport, transformation and deposition processes of air pollutants considering shipping source. Currently, restriction for emission amount of ships does not exist, so our study will be useful to set the emission standard and for devising air quality policy in coastal urban region.

Chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols was measured at 4 sites in Pusan. All the samples were collected with a high volume air sampler from January to October 1996, to analyze major ions and heavy metals. Dominant ions of aerosols were SO42- in anion and Na+ in cation. Sulfate, nitrate and ammonium ions in aerosols showed high enrichmentfactor to soil and seawater composition. The concentrations of heavy metals in aerosols was lowest at the site P1 near the coast. The lowest concentrations of major ions and heavy metals mainly appeared in August, probably due to scavenging by frequent rains. Especially, the concentrations of total suspended particulate matter(TSP) and heavy metals in aerosols showed good correlations in Pusan. Based on crustal Al, enrichment factors for some metals(Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd) in aerosols were significantly greater than unity, and the order was Cd > Pb > Zn > Cu. This evidence suggests that Cd and Pb are derived predominantly from non-crustal sources.

The purpose of this study was to identify remained real state of the village groves in human settlement circle. That was practiced in case of Chinan-Gun region which traditional elements had well been conserved. 33 village groves were found by site survey, reference and interview in Chinan-Gun region. 31 of 51 village groves were clarified as complementing village grove by classification of grove character. It was identified through survey that many were partially destructed by development and human overuse. The results of this study showed general, socio-behavioral characteristics, characteristics of forest state and vegetation structure of village groves in Chinan-Gun region. Length, area, form, type, motive, location, relationship of those were analyzed to identify general characteristics. Facilities, human behavior and ownership of those were analyzed to identify socio-behavioral characteristics. Principal dominant species and appearing rate, height, width, density of those, species diversity of groves were analyzed to identify forest state and vegetation structure. Interrelation between each factor were analyzed and comparative review with previous studies was achieved.

This study, a sub-one of comprehensive research works titled under "Rural Resources Evaluation System", tried to verify utility/applicability of the developed model system through the case study works on 3 sample villages, Backya, Uyan and Suyu, representing the lowland, upland and seashore villages respectively. From the various surveying and collecting works including the official/statistical data collection, map analysis, in-situ investigation, field survey and written material review, the original data set were obtained and manipulated into final input data for resources grading. After then, by the automatized calculation procedure of "Rural Resources Evaluation System", score results for resources evaluation were finally produced with the total maximum score being 1,000. Through comparing works among score results of 3 case villages and between score results and areal characteristics of each case village, the applicability of the system developed in this study was well confirmed.

This study proposes the following directions on the basis of results gained from a survey in Yamanasihyun Kawaguchikocho, where the herb festival is successfully held, in order to activate the local economy by herb. 1) The herb education for person in charge in the local authorities, the promoter of herb festival, has to be preceded and the local residents should try to understand what the herb is. 2) For a successful herb festival in the aspect of local economy and environmental conservation, detailed basic study and publicity including human -, natural environment, ecological conditions for herb should be peformed. 3) Herb event should have various programs and formats to arouse the user's interest and should be a place for environmental education.

The analysis of groundwater quality in Kyungnam Province was conducted using monitoring results obtained during 1994. According to the analysis, most heavy metals and pesticides listed in Korean drinking water standards were not detected in Kyungnam Province groundwater, but arsenic and volatile organics such as TCE and PCE were detected. Four inorganic contaminants were detected and frequency of violating the standards was in order of NO_3-N, F^+, As, NH_3-N. Of organics, TCE and PCE were the only contaminants detected. TCE more frequently violated the standards than PCE. Correlation was investigated among contaminants detected in Kyungnam Province groundwater. The correlation results showed that high correlation existed among dissolved solids, hardness, and SO_4^2-.