This study concentrates on analyzing the realities of the early childhood education in North Korea. After the liberation of Korea, the North drew all of their policies out of Karl Marx’s and Nikolai Lenin’s socialistic ideology. The early childhood education policy has been one of the policies to fulfill Marx’s ideology which after the establishment of the juche ideology in 1970 replaced the child nurture education ideology. North Korea’s child nurture education ideology can be classified as first, growing the child into a revolutionary juche type person. Second, make them recognize Kim Il Sung as the only leader for the juche ideology. Third, educate them to be guardians for the revolution of communism. And finally, it can be classified as the liberation of the female from children fostering and family duties. After the death of their chief Kim Il Sung in 1994, their system changed by focusing on Kim Jung Il. During 1999, in which North Korean law and ordinances experienced fast changes, the 1976 enacted [early childhood education law] underwent additions and rectifications. Looking at North Korea’s early childhood education based on those changes, children now are receiving collectively nurture education at early childhood education institutions such as day nursing centers and Kindergarten, if early at age of 1 month. Early childhood education expenses are all covered by the government and society. The basic idea of the preschool system is to raise them strong and implant a communistic mind early on. In North Korea children age 1 month to 3 years old receive nurture education at the day nursing center, and children of age 4 years to 5 years receive their education at the Kindergarten. They maintain a same age grouping system. Especially in Kindergarten the preschool education of the higher classes are regarded as compulsive education. North Korea’s early childhood education has a lot to do with the woman’s liberation of household responsibilities. Therefore the configuration of the childcare institutions is divided regarding women employment patterns. Thus, there are childcare institutions in which they can entrust their child for one day, one week, 10 days, or even for one month. The purpose of North Korea’s early childhood education is to prepare the ground for the school education in which the main focus is on ideology. Particularly in 1995, after Kim Il Sung’s death, they published an education guide with the title ‘Children have to be well educated from early on’and thereby enforced ideology education for children. It appeared that the main context about the ideology education is based on stories about Kim Il Sung’s and Kim Jung Il’s childhood. According to the principal of North Korea’s educational constitution they enforce intellectual education, culture of aesthetic sentiments and physical education to create an overall developed communistic being which has combined aspects of revolutionary-, working class conversions and virtue and knowledge. In terms of intellectual education in which classes are focused on the teacher, nowadays tend to practice more active participation methods which involve singing and observations, most of the class material is still about Kim Il Sung and Kim Jung Il. An efficient way to transmit educational context is to make them aware, classify them into age and physiological characteristics and assuring a unified way of teaching, and so on. The training for new teachers of formal school education and early childhood education falls to the obligation of each province. Thus, every district has the obligation and responsibility to educate new teachers or caretakers of the day nursing center and Kindergarten through formal school education channels. In case of shortage of teachers and caretakers they use informal school education channels to supply of those. Furthermore present teachers are required to take re-education classes to provide for excellent performance. This re-education is exists to extend the teachers pragmatic political abilities and to put emphasized meaning on the revolutionary worldview.

The tower cranes are widely used in very useful construction machine the sites of constructing high-structure and have a structural sensitiveness. Therefore, the accidents have often happened due to the deficiency of laborer's understanding and lack of safety of structure. Till now, as we have research and studied above, we can properly protect accidents by construction equipments particularly crane as well as most disasters which occur frequently in construction site. The goal of this study is the safety inspection model of the tower crane a construction site, which preventible the collapse accident of tower crane which is constructed by using the correcting frame. In order to accomplish the goal of this study, the field survey, the reference investigation and the structure analysis were performed for the collapse accident of tower crane using the correcting data. This study will be proposed a build-up solutions about operating and release of safety constructions and researched about software safety estimation. Also, preventing safety problems of Tower Crane Construction site as applying safety estimation program and laws and regulations. As a result, The real time control of tower crane inspection system is implemented by to illustrate the application of the adopted optimal design model.

This study is to offer the basic information and materials for the restoration of the urban forest and the ecologically healthy and continuous green belt through the investigation and the analysis on the vegetation in Madong Park, Iksan-City. The flora of Madong Neighborhood park was composed of 65 families, 153 genera, 169 species, 19 varieties， 2 formae or 196 taxa. Some characteristics of the plants in this area have represented such as Th-D4- Rs type in biological type, erect form (35.71%), in growth type， 21 taxa in naturalized plants. The life form spectra investigated from Iksan neighborhood park was recognized as the following Th :21. 9%, H:17.4%, Th(w):11.7%, G:9.7%, M:6.6%, Ch:5.1%, HH(Th):4.1%, HH: 1. 5%. By the Z-M method 2 plant communities was recognized PÍnus thunbergii community and PÍnus rigida community. The pattern of successional trend of tree species might be suggested : p. rigida and P. th unberglÏ • Q uercus variabjJis and Q acutissima • Q serrata community. Finally, The vegetation of the Madong neighborhood park must not allowed any more. Nothing can be better than native states in preserving the ecosystems.

현재 국도개량사업으로 국도의 이동성이 향상되었으나 유출부에 설치된 도로안전시설인 시선유도시설은 일관성 없이 설치되거나 미설치된 경우가 많다. 유출부의 시선유도시설은 유출부의 안전성을 높이는 시설임에도 불구하고 각 유출부마다 서로 다른 유형으로 설치되어 그 기능적 검토가 필요할 것으로 판단하였다. 이에 본 연구에서는 현장조사를 통하여 조사된 시설유형별로 설치기준의 적합성을 검토한 후 운전자 인지특성을 고려한 효과적인 시설유형을 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 3D-시뮬레이션을 개발하여 보다 객관적인 비교실험을 수행하였다. 시설유형 간 비교변수는 운전자 인지특성을 대변할 수 있는 현저성, 시인성으로 선정하여 시설유형에 대한 각각의 특성실험을 수행하였으며 인지 특성변수로 채택된 시인성의 실험에 대한 피 실험자의 측정오차를 줄이기 위하여 초점기록계(Eye Marker Recorder)를 이용하여 실험함으로서 보다 정량적이고, 객관적인 주시빈도를 측정할 수 있었다. 각각의 측정 변수들에 대한 시설유형 간 유의성을 검증하기 위하여 분산 분석으로 검토하였다. 그 결과 현저성은 시설유형 간 유의미한 차이를 나타냈으며, 유출부를 인지하는데 안전표지, 장애물표적표지, 시선유도등, 시선유도봉이 설치된 시설유형이 가장 유리한 것으로 평가되었다. 또한 시인성의 효과척도로 주시빈도를 측정한 결과 시설유형 간 유의미한 차이를 알 수 있었으며, 현저성과 동일한 시설유형이 설치되었을 때 유출부를 인지하는데 유리한 것으로 평가되었으며 전체적인 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 안전표지, 장애물표적표지, 시선유도등, 시선유도봉의 시설이 가장 유리한 것임을 알 수 있었다.

In the study, Methods for operating measures in equipment security to find out dangerousness timely in the system and to need for the prevention and measures. The method for analyzing and reconstructing the causes of accident of equipment in site, and try

본 연구는 콘택트렌즈 착용자를 대상으로 압입 세포진단법 (Impression cytology) 을 이용하여 결막 표면을 평가하고자 시행하였다. 콘택트렌즈 착용자 38 명， 콘택트렌즈 착용을 한 번도 착용하지 않은 건강한 눈을 가진 대조군 35 명을 대상으로 Impres - sion cytology를 시행하여 대상자들의 결막 상피의 형태릎 조사하였다. Impression cytology는 겸체가 PAS system으로 염색이 된 후에 배상 세포의 밀도， 상피 세포의 크기와 형태， 상피 세포의 핵 : 세포질 (N: C) 비율 등의 변화룹 기초로 한 Nelson 의 등급에 따라 겸 체를 4단계로 분류하였다. 콘택트렌즈 착용자를 렌즈 착용 기 간에 따라 다시 3그룹으로 분류하여 Impression cytology를 시행하여 Nelson 의 Grade scale 에 따라 평가한 결파 0-12 개월 착용자에 서 정상에 해당하는 Grade 0은 53.85%, 13 - 487R 월 착용자에서는 20% 이며， 48개월 이상 착용자에서는 없었으며 Grade 1 이상이 100% 로 나타났다 콘택트렌즈 착용 기 간이 길수록 Snake-like chromatin changes 와 같은 세포학적 변화가 많음을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로 콘택트렌즈 착용자의 안구표면에 대한 세포조직학적 조사는 Impression cytology를 이용하여 평가하는 것이 유용할 것으로 사료된다. 특히 Impression cytology는 비침습적이며 안전하고 간단한 생겸 방볍으로 사용될 수 있 고， 건성안과 콘택트렌즈 착용자에서 다양한 안구 표변 변화를 이해하는데 도움이 될 것이다.

Safety diagnostic indicator pointer can divide by greatly two. One is management (Software) side that one that differ with mechanical (Hardware) side that handle laying stress on equipment connected with safety manages organization and management connected with safety. Weight appropriates according to specific gravity that relevant element occupies in facilities. To give so big value in particular element in grant of weight pays attention because break balance of whole guideline and should gives. Finally, efficient safety net may see effect before self-regulation inside by minimum target establishment using AHP by government and legal, systematic countermeasure establishment for this, strict law application and each business proprietor and though activity and user's active safety activity forms harmony properly.

1895년에 독일 뢴트겐에 의해 발견된 이후 X선은 1896년부터 의료목적으로 사용된 기록이 있으며, 한국에 도입되어 진단용X선발생장치로서 환자 진료에 사용하기 시작한 역사는 1911년경부터 조선총독부의원과 세브란스의원에 도입되어 사용하게 되었다. 최근 의학 및 의용공학의 발전으로 방사선을 이용한 진단 기술의 발전과 건강에 대한 국민의 의료욕구가 증가함에 따라 방사선을 이용한 질병의 진단과 치료 방법에서 새로운 기법이 개발되고 그 이용은 지속적으로 증가되고 있는 추세이다. 방사선의 이용은 진단 및 치료에 중대한 이득을 제공하고 있으나 그 이면에는 최적화 및 정당화 되지 않은 방사선의 피폭으로 장애 및 유해요인이 초래되는 것은 부인할 수 없다. 이와 관련하여 방사선을 이용하여 검사 및 치료를 시행함에 있어 피폭선량 최적화를 위한 기술적 노력은 방사선 관계자의 막중한 의무이다.

Concerning the education imbalance on foreign languages in korea, this study suggests the development of a systematic way to test the German language proficiency. For English, Japanese, and Chinese, the efficiency tests serve as a motivation to study, leaving positive impacts on the education of those foreign languages. However, for less popular foreign languages, the case is quite different. With no systematic evaluation standards, only those who studied abroad benefit from these efficiency tests performed by the universities on their own. Furthermore, invented in their home countries, tests such as the ZD, ZMP for German, and the DELF/DALF for French are only for those with intermediate command of the language, which doesn’t help Korean learners in secondary school who are mostly in the beginners’level. This all leads to the necessity of a systematic proficiency test, approved by universities, for foreign languages. This study suggests a way to develop the proficiency test for German according to the proficiencylevel ranging from beginner to advanced courses taught at universities.