The purpose of this study was to evaluate the satisfaction with school meal service and the food preference in elementary school students who are in their growth period. A total of 484 students (242 boys) participated and completed a questionnaire survey. The results indicated that the merit of school meals was the highest in ‘balanced diet’. 'Food hygiene' and 'delicious food' were the most important factors in school meals. Most of the students wanted ‘balance between eastern and western foods’ and ‘new dishes’ for the menu of school meals. For the distribution of meals, ‘various kinds of side dishes’ and ‘warmth of dishes’ were mainly required. The main problems of the current environment of school meals were ‘long waiting time’ and ‘noise of the cafeteria’. In satisfaction with the school meal service, the highest satisfactory factor was 'staffs’ cleanliness', following 'arrangement of furniture in cafeteria' and 'nutrition information-providing'; whereas, the lowest factor was 'staffs’ kindness'. In the preference of foods, students preferred ‘white rice’; whereas they did not like ‘bean rice’; and ‘fried rice' was preferred. In side dishes with meat and fish, most of the meats including ‘Tangsuyuk’ and ‘Bulgogi’ were preferred. For fish, ‘fried hairtail’ was preferred; whereas, ‘fried Spanish mackerel’ was not. In case of kimchi, ‘Chinese cabbage kimchi’ and ‘cubed radish kimchi’ were especially preferred. Considering these results, intensive improvement is required to increase school meal satisfaction by understanding the students' needs. An effort to allow the students’ preferences to be reflected in the menu is also needed

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the smoking and eating habits of high school students. We also presented the basic data for the effective smoking cessation and smoking prevention programs, and proper nutrition education programs. We surveyed 304 high school male students in Sokcho city. The results were as follows ; a total of 23.7% of the subjects were smokers, the smokers spent more pocket money than the non-smokers and they also spent more time on the internet or smartphone. The smokers had lower awareness of the dangers of smoking than that of non-smokers. They started drinking alcohol earlier than the non-smokers. Their water intake was higher and they preferred consumption of high-protein foods like fried chicken, but were not inclined to vegetables and sour tasting foods. These results imply that smoking habits of the subjects affected their eating and drinking habits. A matter of concern was the low intake of vegetables and sour tasting foods, which could lead to a deficiency of nutrients such as vitamins, minerals and dietary fibers. The smokers were less satisfied with their school life than the non-smokers. There was a negative correlation with the degree of awareness of the dangers that smoking can cause. Conversely, the amount of smoking and drinking habits were positively correlated. To reach a healthy adulthood, it is crucial to quit smoking and participate in smoking prevention education along with nutrition education and abstinence education for the adolescents.

It is known that air pollutants such as fine dust and exhaust gas from vehicles are harmful to human health. In particular, the black carbon emitted by vehicles is known to cause a large number of premature deaths. This study analyzed the effect of a noise barrier on the inflow amount of black carbon from a nearby high traffic road to a school area, using numerical analysis performed at two elementary schools. Also, the correlation between the noise barrier’s shape, height and the inflow amount of black carbon was assessed. As a result, it was found that the higher the noise barrier, the lower the inflow amount of black carbon observed at the school A. However, the inflow amount of black carbon at school B was not greatly influenced by the height of the noise barrier. The inflow amount of black carbon at the schools could be changed not only by the height of the noise barrier, but also by the shape, height and position of the noise barrier and the school building.

Lee, Jae Ho. 2016. “The Use of Korean Sentence-Final Endings by the Students of Chosun Hakkyo, Korean School in Japan”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 24(3). 317~343. The purpose of this paper is to present the findings which were found throughout a series of investigations performed to clarify what kind of Korean sentence-final endings the students of Korean School in Japan who are the descents of Korean immigrants use. Since the observed endings of the 1st investigation, Participant Observation, were different from the results of the 2nd investigation, Speech Task, the author interviewed the students to verify the results of the 2 investigations. Consequently, the results of Participant Observation and the interviews were generally consistent. There is, however, the possibility of students choosing and using different endings in different situations, affected by factors such as education in school and so on. The results show that the use of Korean sentence-final endings by the students is not simple.

This study investigates the opening stage of English class in the elementary school. It specifically explores the significant features of the interactions among teachers and students. A non-native Korean English teacher, a native English teacher, and 25 elementary students participated in the study. Twenty-three opening parts of the English classes were collected, transcribed, and analysed for the study. Data analysis showed that 1) the openings consist of greetings, reviewing, promoting motivations, and giving class objectives, 2) students had authentic communication, in that they moved out of the I-R-F sequence and even took the lead in the conversation as in Waring (2009)’s study, and 3) there were three types of learner initiatives in the class opening, which were reported by Waring (2011). It is also worth while to note that students self-selected, volunteered to respond, and began a sequence on the assigned turn regardless of their English competence. Some implications were suggested for meaningful interactions in the opening stage of English class in the elementary school.

본 연구는 학교교육의 사회화에 관하여 비판하고 배움학적 대안을 제시하고자 함을 그 목적으로 한다. 교육과 사회 간의 관계를 결정하는 중요한 핵심은 사회화이다. 사회화란 개인이 한 사회의 구성원이 되기 위해 반드시 배워야 하는 모든 과정과 내용을 의미한다. 이에 관해 구조기능주의론자들과 갈등주의 론자들은 사회화의 정당화와 보장성에 관해 경쟁하며 교육의 공헌에 관한 주장을 하여왔다. 사회화의 대 행기관으로서 가장 중요한 사회 속의 기관은 학교이다. 학교교육은 개인이 사회의 구성원이 될 수 있도록 가장 적합한 기관으로 알려져 왔다. 그러나 학교는 특정 시대의 정치적, 경제적, 그리고 문화적 계급을 재생산하거나, 사회화보다는 다른 목적으로 사용되어져 왔다. 그러나 학교교육은 사회화와 더불어 인간의 배움본능의 실현과 개조를 가능케 하도록 이루어져야 한다. 현재까지 이루어진 학교교육은 개인 을 사회화하기에 부적합한 기관이라는 것이 본 연구의 결론이다.

본 연구는 일대일 코칭이 청소년들의 학습 능력 및 학교생활 적응력 향상에 미치는 영 향을 탐색적인 방법으로 조사하였다. 이 연구는 2011년 7월부터 2014년 2월까지 경기도 관 내 특성화고등학교 1학년에 재학 중인 학습능력 저하와 학교생활 적응력 저하의 해결 과 제를 가진 징계위기청소년들을 중심으로 진행되었다. 특성화고등학교 청소년들에게 적용하였던 코칭의 영향을 측정하기 위해 무단결석, 지각, 조퇴, 학습변화 정도를 추적 조사하였다. 그 결과 코칭을 진행하기 전과 후는 상이한 변화 를 보였으며 긍정적인 향상효과가 확인되었다. 주요 변화내용으로는 무단결석, 지각, 조퇴 빈도가 감소하였고, 학습능력은 향상되었음을 알 수 있었다. 코칭을 접목하여 진행 된 프로그램의 효과성에 대한 긍정적 결과는 청소년의 학교 생활 적응의 긍정적 효과만이 아닌 청소년과 관련한 다양한 문제 해결을 위한 프로그램의 제공 에 있어 긍정적 변화를 예측을 가능하게 한다. 이 연구는 특성화고등학교 청소년들에 대한 코칭의 조기 개입이 학습 능력과 학교생활 적응 능력의 향상에 긍정적인 영향을 미침과 동시에 성인사회로의 발전에 긍정적인 영향 을 미칠 수 있는 연구 방향을 제시하였다는 것에 그 의미가 있다.

요즘 세상의 화두는 로봇과 인간이 세기의 대결을 펼쳐 인간이 졌다는 사실이다. 인간에 의해 만들어진 로봇 친구, 로봇 애인이 등장하고 수만 광년 떨어져 있는 별에도 가고 있다. 인공지능을 포함한 과학의 발달은 결국 융합하고 생략하며 펼치고 협력하며 상상할 줄 아는 인간이라는 사실이다. 인간은 스스로 생각하고 공부하며 배우고 학습할 수 있는 인류의 단 하나의 생명체이다. 앞으로 우리들의 미래교육은 어떻게 해야 할까? 학교의 역할에 대해 다시 생각해 보게 된다. 인간은 태어나면서부터 생태적으로 배우고 성장하며 죽을 때 까지 학습한다. 이러한 학습을 좀 더 체계적이고 즐겁게 즐기면서 소통 과 경쟁과 협력속에서 배울 수 있게 만드는 곳이 학교이다. 학습의 즐거움을 학교에서 터득하고 온 마을과 지역이 함께 배우고 가르치는 작업을 학교를 통해 시스템화 하고자 한다. 도전하며 즐겁게 배울 줄 아는 배움의 과정을 즐길 수 있는 평생학습인 육성을 목표로 이 연구를 시작하였으며 학교의 인적∙물적 자원을 활용하여 훨씬 더 쉽게 평생학습인을 기르고 배움공동체를 형성할 수 있는 무한한 가능성을 가진 학교로 재구성하여 목표한 소기의 성과를 거두었다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate perception of the Food Allergy Labeling System (FALS) of school foodservice in female middle school students. The subjects were 148 female middle school students in the Incheon metropolitan area. In this cross-sectional study, data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Only 20.9% of subjects had experience of food allergy education. There was no significant difference in food allergy knowledge by grade. The scores of perception of food allergy labeling by school foodservice were significantly higher in lower grade students (p<0.001). In all grades, highest scores were observed for ‘food allergy labeling is necessary’, whereas the lowest scores were for ‘I check the food allergy labeling’. The percentages of subjects who wanted to participate in food allergy education were significantly different (p<0.01); 73.8% in 1st grade, 50.0% in 2nd grade, and 35.7% in 3rd grade. For desired education contents to enhance perception of FALS, 57.5% of subjects answered ‘emergency management’ and 23.0% said ‘information of food allergy causing food’. Therefore, it is necessary to increase food allergy education and educate female middle school students according to grade in order to enhance perception of FALS.

본고는 초등학교 한자교육의 중심을 어휘 교육으로 파악하고 초등학교 어휘 교육 과정에 필요한 字數와 字種을 제안하는 것을 중심 목표로 삼는다. 먼저 선행 연구의 방법･의의 및 한계를 종합하고 이 바탕 위에 김한샘(2009)과 ㈜낱말 어휘 정보 처리 연구소의 데이터 등을 추가적으로 활용하여 ‘초등학교용 교육용 한자’의 선정안을 제시하였다. 구체 논의 과정에서는 초등학교 교과서라는 말뭉치, 등급별 어휘라는 어휘 평정, 조어력, 전문가의 판단 등을 고려해 초등학교 한자교육에 필요한 적정 한자 수 및 한자 선정에 대한 논의를 펼쳤다. 이 중 ‘초등학교 교과서’라는 말뭉치는 그동안 단순 빈도의 측면에서만 이용되었던 것이고, 등급별 어휘와 조어력은 초등학교 교육용 적정 한자 수 선정 시 학계에 처음으로 고려된 것이다. 본고의 논의가 초등학교 교육 현장에서 신뢰하고 활용할 수 있는 ‘초등학교용 교육용 한자’의 선 정에 일정한 보탬이 되기를 바란다.

The purpose of this study was to determine the association between school administrator support as perceived by nutrition teachers (dietitians) and job satisfaction in order to provide data concerning efficient job performance of nutrition teachers, to determine effects of school administrator support on job satisfaction in nutrition teachers, and to provide basic data that could help improve school meals. Major supporters of nutrition teachers (dietitians) were chief administrators (55.3%), principals (27.2%), assistant principals (15.0%), and managers in charge (2.4%). Nutrition teachers (dietitians) scored 3.38 for perception of school administrator support, 3.66 for emotional support, 3.27 for informational support, 3.22 for instrumental support, and 3.11 for evaluation support. Support of nutrition teachers (dietitians) by school managers included emotional support (3.66)>informational support (3.27)>instrumental support (3.22)>evaluative support (3.11). Nutrition teachers (dietitians) scored 3.37 for job satisfaction, as follows: work performance (4.19)>interpersonal relationships (3.39)>job satisfaction in general (3.37)>job itself (3.29)>job environment (3.07)>performance rating and benefits system (2.70). Statistically significant correlation was observed between perception of school administrator support and job satisfaction (r= .771, p< .01). Therefore, school administrators are necessary to provide evaluative supports to nutrition teachers (dietitians), performance assessment, employee benefit packages, and improvement of school meal plans and quality.