This study investigated the characteristics and changes of cotton and silk textile production in Honam district, especially in Gurye, Jella Province from the 1930s to the 1980s. To do this, research method in this study was both literature and fieldwork research and results were as follows. First, in terms of cotton fiber cultivation of Gurye, Chinese Cotton(在來綿) has been substituted for America Cotton(陸地綿) and additionally, Yellow Cotton (黃綿) has been cultivated in the 1930s. Also, in terms of silk fiber cultivation of Gurye, Joseon Silkworm has been substituted for Japanese Silkworm by inflowing the Japanese mulberry tree. Second, in terms of spinning method, cotton spinning has been conducted at every house by an individual tool from the 1930s to the 1950s and has been gradually changed to mechanization by market shop equipped with mechanized cotton gin and cotton whipping tool. However, there have been no changes in silk spinning method from the 1930s to the 1980s. Third, loom type has been changed from the traditional Korean back-strap loom to the treadle loom between the 1930s and the 1940s. Fourth, dyeing was conducted by chemical dyestuff after weaving. The circulation of textile was done through the joint market by Japan in the 1930s~1950s and has changed to the market sales by producers since the 1950s. Fifth, since the 1970s, the outputs of cotton and silk textile of Gurye have been reduced. This was connected with the westernization and the inflow of the synthetic fiber and cloth in cotton and was related to the changes of the nation policy and silk fiber inflow from the china to the Korean farm villages.

This study aims to conduct a investigation on the gusset of a Kimono sleeve to achieve excellent movability through an evaluation of its fit wearing by conducting comparative research in terms of the length of the gusset pattern according to sleeve angle, which having a great effect on the wearing and activity of the top of a Kimono sleeve. A prototype was manufactured by developing the basic Kimono sleeve based on the method of Ernestine Kopp’s basic bodice pattern. The sleeve angles which was applied to the prototype pattern of the Kimono sleeve ware approximately 50°, 70° and the gusset was diamond-shaped which has a width of 10cm and lengths of 9cm, 10cm and 11cm. As a result, in the case of 55° of the sleeve angle, the angle was gradually increased as the length of gusset was extended, although, in the case of 68° of the sleeve angle, there was not remarkable effects between increased gusset length and the value of the angle. This result could be analyzed that the gusset did not affect remarkably since the sufficient movability was gained with only the angle in the case of 68°. Also, in the results of experiment on 55° angle, as 9cm, 10cm and 11cm of length of gusset commonly indicated over 70° in average, it was found that the movability was obtained sufficiently in every part.

Cuticular proteins (CPs) and the polysaccharide chitin are the major components of the exo- and endocuticular layers or procuticle. CPs contain a conserved sequence known as the Rebers & Riddiford (R&R) motif, which may function as a chitin-binding domain that helps to coordinate the interaction between chitin fibers and the protein network. We identified two highly abundant RR-2 CPs, TcCPR18 and TcCPR27, in protein samples extracted from elytra (rigid cuticle) of Tribolium castaneum adults and determined that these two CPs are required for rigid cuticle morphology. In this study, we identified the third most abundant protein (TcCP30) extracted from the elytra, and cloned a full-length cDNA. It encodes a very unusual 171 amino acid residue protein of which 36% of the residues of the mature protein are Glu, 21% are His, 19% are Arg, and 16% are Gly, organized in a regular pattern but not R&R consensus motif. TcCPR18 and TcCPR27 genes are expressed at 4 d-old pupae, while TcCP30 is highly expressed at 5 d-old pupae (last pupal stage) and 0 d-old adults. Immunohistochemical studies revealed the presence of TcCP30 in rigid adult cuticle (e.g. elytron, pronotum and ventral abdomen) but not soft cuticle (e.g. hindwing and dorsal abdomen). Injection of dsRNA for TcCP30 into late instar larvae had no affect on larval and pupal growth and development. The subsequent pupal-adult molt, however, more than 50% adults were unable to shed their exuvium and died. In addition, the resulting adults exhibited wrinkled, warped and split elytra. TcCP30-deficient adults could not fold their hindwings properly. These results indicate that TcCP30 may play critical roles in rigid adult cuticle formation, development and insect growth and survival. This work was supported by NRF (NRF-2012R1A2A1A01006467).

The purpose of this study was to examine the differentiation of proprioception, invertor and evertor muscle strength, and time to peak torque at a velocity of 300 °/sec of the ankle joint in people with or without functional ankle instability (FAI). Nineteen subjects with a history of ankle sprain participated. All subjects were divided into FAI group (n1=9, Cumberland ankle instability tool (CAIT)≤24) and a control group (n2=10) based on their CAIT scores. Isokinetic dynamometer was used to measure the sense of active joint position of the ankle at mid-range and end-range of an inversion motion and invertor as well as the evertor muscle strength and time to peak torque at 300 °/s. The FAI group showed a statistically reduction in invertor and evertor muscle strength and time to peak torque when compared to the control group (p<.05). Muscle strength and time to peak torque of the invertor and evertor, as well as the sense of active joint position at end-range were also lower in the FAI group than in the control (p<.05). Correlations between CAIT score and position sense at end-range (r=-.577) and invertor muscle strength (r=.554) were statistically significant (p<.05). Individuals with FAI showed reduction in invertor and evertor muscle strength and recruitment time as well as in proprioception of the ankle joint. Thus, proprioception and invertor and evertor muscle strength of the ankle joint at fast angular velocity may be investigated when examining and planning care for individuals with FAI.

울릉도 독도는 6세기 이사부의 우산국 정벌 시기부터 고려, 조선을 거쳐 대한 제국기인 1905년까지 강원도 관할 하에 있었다. 강원도 지역민들은 고대 때부터 육안으로 '울릉도 독도'를 바라보며 '우산국' '무릉도 우산도'라 불러온 같은 생활 권역에 있다. 일제 침략과정에서 울릉도 독도와 지리적, 역사적, 생활문화적으로 연속선상에 있던 강원도를 배제하고 부산, 포항으로 해상교통 거점을 의도적으로 바꾸면서 행정의 연속성을 흔들어놓았다. 1906년 행정구역 편제로 강원도 관할에서 경상남도로 이관되었으며, 1914년엔 경상북도로 변경되어 현재에 이르고 있다. 울릉도 독도가 타 시도로 이관된 이후 일제강점기를 거치며 교류 양상이 어떻게 전개되고 인식되었는지 1920~30년대 신문 기사를 통해 살펴보았다. 1920~30년대 󰡔동아일보󰡕에 실린 울릉도 관련 기사 164건을 대상으로 강원도 부분이 어떻게 서술되어 있는지 분석한 결과 행정 및 민원 관련 기사는 강원도와 무관하였으나 실생활과 역사성을 다룬 기사에서 서술되고 있었다. 첫 번째는 울릉도 입도 과정, 해상 조난 등 사건 사고, 태풍과 같은 기상, 경제 활동 등 실생활과 밀접한 뉴스에 나타나고 있다. 1920~30년대 경상도 부산항이나 포항항, 함경도 원산항에서 울릉도를 입출항할 때 강원도 울진 앞 바다까지 북상 내지 남하하여 동쪽으로 선회하고 있어 최단거리 항구인 울진 죽변항이나 삼척 임원항은 여전히 중요 항구로 역할을 하고 있는 것으로 드러났다. 두 번째는 역사, 전설을 다룬 기사에서 강원도 관련 내용이 풍부하게 서술되고 있다. 울릉도 역사 서술의 첫머리에 하슬라군주 이사부 활약 및 고려 때 강원인의 이주 시도, 삼척영장과 월송만호 수토, 개척령 시기 강원인 이주 등 강원도 역사와 중첩돼 환기되고 있다. 울릉도 태하리 성하신당 전설은 강원도 수토사를 수행 해왔다가 풍랑으로 익사한 강원도 하급관리의 희생을 기리는 공간이었으나 이후 울릉도사람들의 무사안전을 기원하는 신앙처로 윤색되어 전승되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 울릉도가 강원도 행정관할에서 타도로 이관되면서 각종교류도 위축되었으나 1920~30년대 울릉도 관련 신문기사를 통해 실생활 차원의 교류는 지속적으로 확인되고, 역사성도 언론을 통해 수시로 환기되고 기억되고 있다. 현재 강원도는 울릉도 독도와 행정구역을 달리하고 있지만 최근 인적교류가 가장 활발한 곳으로 위치를 다시 점하며 교류거점으로 재부상되는 역사성이 발휘되고 있다.

We probe the feasibility of high-frequency radio observations of very rapid flux variations in compact active galactic nuclei (AGN). Our study assumes observations at 230GHz with a small 6-meter class observatory, using the SNU Radio Astronomical Observatory (SRAO) as an example. We find that 33 radio-bright sources are observable with signal-to-noise ratios larger than ten. We derive statistical detection limits via exhaustive Monte Carlo simulations assuming (a) periodic, and (b) episodic flaring flux variations on time-scales as small as tens of minutes. We conclude that a wide range of flux variations is observable. This makes high-frequency radio observations – even with small observatories – a powerful probe of AGN intra-day variability; especially, those which complement observations at lower radio frequencies with larger observatories like the Korean VLBI Network (KVN).

Bacillus thuringiensis(이하 B.t)는 곤충병원성세균으로 친환경농업에서 주요 작물보호 농자재로 사용되는 생물농약 중 하나이다. B.t는 그람양성의 호기성이며, spore와 crystal를 형성하고 포자 형성기에는 균체 내에 δ-내독소라는 독소단백질 을 생성한다. 딱정벌레목인 청동풍뎅이의 사체로부터 분리된 CAB530균주와 영 동 토양에서 분리된 CAB564균주는 나비목 해충에 살충활성을 나타내는 것을 확 인하였다. 위의 균주와 기존에 연구된 KB098, KB099, KB100을 비교하기 위해 실 내에서 누대 사육한 담배거세미나방(Spodoptera litura), 배추좀나방(Plutella xylostella), 파밤나방(Spodoptera exigua), 파리목(Diptera) 해충에 대해 생물검정 을 수행하였다. 단백질 패턴 분석과 담배거세미나방(S. litura), 파밤나방(S. exigua) 중장액을 처리하였을 때 분해억제정도를 보기위한 SDS-PAGE를 수행하 였다. SDS-PAGE의 단백질 패턴 분석 결과로 plasmid DNA 전기영동을 하여 패턴 의 차이를 분석하였다. CAB530균주와 CAB564균주의 내독소 유전자의 Cry형 유 전자를 동정하기 위하여 PCR을 수행할 계획이다.

The paper is devoted to the field work carried out by outstanding psychologist Alexander R. Luria and his team in isolated villages in Uzbekistan and mountain Kyrgyzstan (1931- 1932) and its place in cross-cultural studies. Many people of these places never went out of own villages. That time, in the Western social science racist theories that interpreted the differences in ways of thought in terms of biology were popular. These theories were based on application of "standard intellectual tests" to illiterate peoples in Asia, Africa and Latin America. A. Luria has criticized these "standard intellectual tests", and results of his survey gave strong proof of ties between level of social conditions and peculiarities of mental processes but not between race and mind. Long before the famous Western works on comparative psychology and cultural anthropology (J. S. Bruner, M. Cole, P.M. Greenfield, J. Gay, C. Levi-Strauss, etc.) published in 1950-1970-s, the A. Luria' research expedition has anticipated the main directions and results of future crosscultural studies.

P300 문자입력기에 사용되는 대표적인 자극제시방법은 행-열 패러다임(RCP)이다. 그러나 RCP는 근접-혼동 오류와 이중-깜박임 문제를 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 RCP가 가지고 있는 두 가지 오류의 원천을 효과적으로 통제하는 하위블록 패러다임(SBP)을 제안하고 검증하였다. 15명의 실험참가자에게 RCP와 SBP를 모두 사용하여 문자를 입력하도록 하였다. 뇌파는 Fz와 Cz, Pz, P3, P4, PO7, PO8에서 측정하였다. 각 패러다임은 분류기를 학습시키기 위한 훈련단계와 문자입력기의 성능을 평가하기 위한 검사단계로 구성되어 있다. 훈련단계에서 18개의 문자를 입력하였으며, 검사단계에서 5명은 50개의 단어를 입력하였고 나머지 10명은 25개의 단어를 입력하였다. 정확도를 산출한 결과, SBP의 정확도는 83.73%로 RCP의 정확도 66.40%보다 통계적으로 유의하게 더 높았다. Pz에서 측정한 ERP를 분석하였을 때, 목표자극에 대한 정적 정점의 진폭이 RCP보다 SBP에서 더 크게 나타나 실험참가자들이 SBP에서 특정 문자에 더 많은 주의를 집중한 것으로 보인다. P300 문자입력기에 대한 사용용이성을 7점 척도로 측정하였을 때, SBP가 RCP보다 더 사용하기 쉬운 것으로 나타났다. 특히 RCP의 사용용이성은 대부분의 실험참가자들이 '힘들었다'는 범주에 응답한 반면, SBP의 사용용이성은 모든 피험자들이 '보통'과 '쉬웠다'의 범주에 응답하였다. 전반적으로 SBP가 RCP보다 우월한 것으로 평가되었으며, 논의에 SBP의 한계점에 대해서 기술하였다.