In the present study, numerical algorithms for a very large crude oil carrier(300K VLCC) were taken into account. The potential flow analysis method was adopted to predict the flow pattern and the fluid force around a ship. The exact nonlinear free surface boundary condition were compared to predict the wave system generated by the ship and the trim and sinkage state of the ship also were considered. In order to deal with complex geometries of the 300K VLCC the panel cutting method was adopted to generate the ship surface panel and the variable free surface panel method was taken applied to generate the free surface panel. The developed numerical analysis algorithm were applied to the 300K VLCC and the results predicted by the numerical analysis were compared with the experimental data
We develop a radio receiver system operating at λ ~ 1.3 mm for the 6 m telescope of Seoul Radio Astronomy Observatory. It consists of a dual polarization receiver, a couple of IF processing units, two FFT spectrometers, and associated software. By adopting sideband-separating superconductor mixers with image band terminated to waveguide load at 4.2 K, we achieve TRX ≤ 100 K and Tsys less than 150 K at best weather condition over 210-250 GHz frequency range. The intermediate frequency signal of 3.5-4.5 GHz is down converted to 0-1 GHz and fed into the FFT spectrometers. The spectrometer covers 1 GHz bandwidth with a spectral resolution of 61 KHz. Test observations are conducted toward several radio sources to evaluate the performance of the system. Aperture and beam efficiencies measured by observing planets are found to be typically 44 59% and 47 61%, respectively over the RF band, which are consistent with those measured at 3 mm band previously.
This study investigated the characteristics and changes of cotton and silk textile production in Honam district, especially in Gurye, Jella Province from the 1930s to the 1980s. To do this, research method in this study was both literature and fieldwork research and results were as follows. First, in terms of cotton fiber cultivation of Gurye, Chinese Cotton(在來綿) has been substituted for America Cotton(陸地綿) and additionally, Yellow Cotton (黃綿) has been cultivated in the 1930s. Also, in terms of silk fiber cultivation of Gurye, Joseon Silkworm has been substituted for Japanese Silkworm by inflowing the Japanese mulberry tree. Second, in terms of spinning method, cotton spinning has been conducted at every house by an individual tool from the 1930s to the 1950s and has been gradually changed to mechanization by market shop equipped with mechanized cotton gin and cotton whipping tool. However, there have been no changes in silk spinning method from the 1930s to the 1980s. Third, loom type has been changed from the traditional Korean back-strap loom to the treadle loom between the 1930s and the 1940s. Fourth, dyeing was conducted by chemical dyestuff after weaving. The circulation of textile was done through the joint market by Japan in the 1930s~1950s and has changed to the market sales by producers since the 1950s. Fifth, since the 1970s, the outputs of cotton and silk textile of Gurye have been reduced. This was connected with the westernization and the inflow of the synthetic fiber and cloth in cotton and was related to the changes of the nation policy and silk fiber inflow from the china to the Korean farm villages.
This study aims to conduct a investigation on the gusset of a Kimono sleeve to achieve excellent movability through an evaluation of its fit wearing by conducting comparative research in terms of the length of the gusset pattern according to sleeve angle, which having a great effect on the wearing and activity of the top of a Kimono sleeve. A prototype was manufactured by developing the basic Kimono sleeve based on the method of Ernestine Kopp’s basic bodice pattern. The sleeve angles which was applied to the prototype pattern of the Kimono sleeve ware approximately 50°, 70° and the gusset was diamond-shaped which has a width of 10cm and lengths of 9cm, 10cm and 11cm. As a result, in the case of 55° of the sleeve angle, the angle was gradually increased as the length of gusset was extended, although, in the case of 68° of the sleeve angle, there was not remarkable effects between increased gusset length and the value of the angle. This result could be analyzed that the gusset did not affect remarkably since the sufficient movability was gained with only the angle in the case of 68°. Also, in the results of experiment on 55° angle, as 9cm, 10cm and 11cm of length of gusset commonly indicated over 70° in average, it was found that the movability was obtained sufficiently in every part.
Cuticular proteins (CPs) and the polysaccharide chitin are the major components of the exo- and endocuticular layers or procuticle. CPs contain a conserved sequence known as the Rebers & Riddiford (R&R) motif, which may function as a chitin-binding domain that helps to coordinate the interaction between chitin fibers and the protein network. We identified two highly abundant RR-2 CPs, TcCPR18 and TcCPR27, in protein samples extracted from elytra (rigid cuticle) of Tribolium castaneum adults and determined that these two CPs are required for rigid cuticle morphology. In this study, we identified the third most abundant protein (TcCP30) extracted from the elytra, and cloned a full-length cDNA. It encodes a very unusual 171 amino acid residue protein of which 36% of the residues of the mature protein are Glu, 21% are His, 19% are Arg, and 16% are Gly, organized in a regular pattern but not R&R consensus motif. TcCPR18 and TcCPR27 genes are expressed at 4 d-old pupae, while TcCP30 is highly expressed at 5 d-old pupae (last pupal stage) and 0 d-old adults. Immunohistochemical studies revealed the presence of TcCP30 in rigid adult cuticle (e.g. elytron, pronotum and ventral abdomen) but not soft cuticle (e.g. hindwing and dorsal abdomen). Injection of dsRNA for TcCP30 into late instar larvae had no affect on larval and pupal growth and development. The subsequent pupal-adult molt, however, more than 50% adults were unable to shed their exuvium and died. In addition, the resulting adults exhibited wrinkled, warped and split elytra. TcCP30-deficient adults could not fold their hindwings properly. These results indicate that TcCP30 may play critical roles in rigid adult cuticle formation, development and insect growth and survival. This work was supported by NRF (NRF-2012R1A2A1A01006467).
The purpose of this study was to examine the differentiation of proprioception, invertor and evertor muscle strength, and time to peak torque at a velocity of 300 °/sec of the ankle joint in people with or without functional ankle instability (FAI). Nineteen subjects with a history of ankle sprain participated. All subjects were divided into FAI group (n1=9, Cumberland ankle instability tool (CAIT)≤24) and a control group (n2=10) based on their CAIT scores. Isokinetic dynamometer was used to measure the sense of active joint position of the ankle at mid-range and end-range of an inversion motion and invertor as well as the evertor muscle strength and time to peak torque at 300 °/s. The FAI group showed a statistically reduction in invertor and evertor muscle strength and time to peak torque when compared to the control group (p<.05). Muscle strength and time to peak torque of the invertor and evertor, as well as the sense of active joint position at end-range were also lower in the FAI group than in the control (p<.05). Correlations between CAIT score and position sense at end-range (r=-.577) and invertor muscle strength (r=.554) were statistically significant (p<.05). Individuals with FAI showed reduction in invertor and evertor muscle strength and recruitment time as well as in proprioception of the ankle joint. Thus, proprioception and invertor and evertor muscle strength of the ankle joint at fast angular velocity may be investigated when examining and planning care for individuals with FAI.
울릉도 독도는 6세기 이사부의 우산국 정벌 시기부터 고려, 조선을 거쳐 대한 제국기인 1905년까지 강원도 관할 하에 있었다. 강원도 지역민들은 고대 때부터 육안으로 '울릉도 독도'를 바라보며 '우산국' '무릉도 우산도'라 불러온 같은 생활 권역에 있다. 일제 침략과정에서 울릉도 독도와 지리적, 역사적, 생활문화적으로 연속선상에 있던 강원도를 배제하고 부산, 포항으로 해상교통 거점을 의도적으로 바꾸면서 행정의 연속성을 흔들어놓았다. 1906년 행정구역 편제로 강원도 관할에서 경상남도로 이관되었으며, 1914년엔 경상북도로 변경되어 현재에 이르고 있다. 울릉도 독도가 타 시도로 이관된 이후 일제강점기를 거치며 교류 양상이 어떻게 전개되고 인식되었는지 1920~30년대 신문 기사를 통해 살펴보았다. 1920~30년대 동아일보에 실린 울릉도 관련 기사 164건을 대상으로 강원도 부분이 어떻게 서술되어 있는지 분석한 결과 행정 및 민원 관련 기사는 강원도와 무관하였으나 실생활과 역사성을 다룬 기사에서 서술되고 있었다. 첫 번째는 울릉도 입도 과정, 해상 조난 등 사건 사고, 태풍과 같은 기상, 경제 활동 등 실생활과 밀접한 뉴스에 나타나고 있다. 1920~30년대 경상도 부산항이나 포항항, 함경도 원산항에서 울릉도를 입출항할 때 강원도 울진 앞 바다까지 북상 내지 남하하여 동쪽으로 선회하고 있어 최단거리 항구인 울진 죽변항이나 삼척 임원항은 여전히 중요 항구로 역할을 하고 있는 것으로 드러났다. 두 번째는 역사, 전설을 다룬 기사에서 강원도 관련 내용이 풍부하게 서술되고 있다. 울릉도 역사 서술의 첫머리에 하슬라군주 이사부 활약 및 고려 때 강원인의 이주 시도, 삼척영장과 월송만호 수토, 개척령 시기 강원인 이주 등 강원도 역사와 중첩돼 환기되고 있다. 울릉도 태하리 성하신당 전설은 강원도 수토사를 수행 해왔다가 풍랑으로 익사한 강원도 하급관리의 희생을 기리는 공간이었으나 이후 울릉도사람들의 무사안전을 기원하는 신앙처로 윤색되어 전승되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 울릉도가 강원도 행정관할에서 타도로 이관되면서 각종교류도 위축되었으나 1920~30년대 울릉도 관련 신문기사를 통해 실생활 차원의 교류는 지속적으로 확인되고, 역사성도 언론을 통해 수시로 환기되고 기억되고 있다. 현재 강원도는 울릉도 독도와 행정구역을 달리하고 있지만 최근 인적교류가 가장 활발한 곳으로 위치를 다시 점하며 교류거점으로 재부상되는 역사성이 발휘되고 있다.
We probe the feasibility of high-frequency radio observations of very rapid flux variations in compact active galactic nuclei (AGN). Our study assumes observations at 230GHz with a small 6-meter class observatory, using the SNU Radio Astronomical Observatory (SRAO) as an example. We find that 33 radio-bright sources are observable with signal-to-noise ratios larger than ten. We derive statistical detection limits via exhaustive Monte Carlo simulations assuming (a) periodic, and (b) episodic flaring flux variations on time-scales as small as tens of minutes. We conclude that a wide range of flux variations is observable. This makes high-frequency radio observations – even with small observatories – a powerful probe of AGN intra-day variability; especially, those which complement observations at lower radio frequencies with larger observatories like the Korean VLBI Network (KVN).