We conducted dynamic downscaling using the RegCM4.0 with 25 km of horizontal resolution over CORDEX-East Asia phase 2 domain for the current climate (1981-2005) and evaluated its performance using various reference datasets. The HadGEM2-AO with about 110 km of horizontal resolution provided by the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) was used as the forcing data of RegCM4.0. the RegCM4.0 generally well simulated the spatial patterns of temperature and precipitation by representing geographical and topographic conditions, compared with HadGEM2-AO. In particular, the warm biases in Mongolia, northern China, and Russia during summer and cold biases in Tibetan Plateau, Mongolia, northeast China, and northern India during winter were reduced. However, the systematic wet (dry) biases of summer precipitation in the most of model domain (South Korea) were still remained. It was associated with the southward shifting of low-level jet caused by the weakened North Western Pacific High in HadGEM2-AO. In South Korea, the RegCM4.0 showed a better performance than HadGEM2-AO in terms of the magnitude and spatial variability of both temperature and precipitation. In particular, the RegCM4.0 performed better in simulating the ratio of extreme precipitation over 100 mm/day to total precipitation than HadGEM2-AO. The RegCM4.0 reasonably reproduced the frequency and inter-annual variability of heavy rainfall, frost day, and tropical night over South Korea.

In this study, the intra-seasonal fluctuation (ISF) of wintertime temperature change in East Asia was classified by a cluster analysis of complete linkage. A ISF of temperature change was defined as a difference of synthesized harmonics (1 to 36 harmonic) of daily temperature averaged for 30 years (1951~1980, 1981~2010). Eight clusters were gained from the ISF curves of 96 stations in East Asia. Regions of the cluster C, G and A1 seem to be affected by the Siberian High (SH) center, whereas the cluster A1, A2, D, B and F by the SH main pathways. Regions of the cluster E are apart from the SH main pathways and appear to be in the area of influence of other factors. Wintertime temperatures in Northwest China (clusters C, G) and Northeast China (cluster A1) were increased very largely. In most clusters, around late January there were less warming periods than the winter mean of the mean ISF of the clusters, before and after this time there were more warming periods than the winter mean.

This research aims to look at and resolve the issue of Japanese military “comfort women,” an issue that sits at the core of the conflict over history in East Asia, from the perspective of politics of denial that inevitably intervenes in the phase of stagnant purging of the past. To this end, first of all, it is necessary to presuppose the recognition that the military “comfort women” issue is not a narrow Korea-Japan relations issue but one related to responsibility for colonial rule and to shared transitional justice in East Asia. Second, based on such presupposition, I introduce some of the debates and arguments within civil society in regard to the historiography of The Comfort Women of the Empire, as an example that shows the dilemma of historical self-reflection in East Asia. Third, I critically review the problems of the historiography of The Comfort Women of the Empire, positioned largely within historical revisionism in East Asia, from the standpoint of Stanley Cohen’s theory on denial. Fourth, I extrapolate theoretical and practical tasks implied by the foregoing discussion, from the perspective of possibility of historical dialogue in East Asia. As a conclusion, this paper seeks to reflect on the fact that the issue of denial, which emerged as a social fact during the process of debating on history in East Asia, raised the need for intellectuals of our time to sincerely self-reflect upon responsibilities of the academia. In other words, there is a need to fundamentally reflect upon the social sphere in which historiography and representations take place―in short, upon the transitive dimension of intellectual activity where historical knowledge competes and communicates.

This study investigates the causal relationship between stock prices and exchange rates for six Middle Eastern countries, namely, Egypt, Iran, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, and Saudi Arabia before and during (after) the 2007 global financial crisis for the period between January 2004 and September 2015. The sample is divided into two sub-periods, that is, the period from January 1, 2004 to September 30, 2007 and the period from October 1, 2007 to September 30, 2015, to represent the pre-crisis period and the post-crisis period, respectively. Using Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model in a multivariate framework (including two control variables, inflation rates and oil prices) the results suggest that in the case of Jordan, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia, there exists bidirectional causalities after the crisis period but not the before. The opposite status is available for the case of Iran. In the case of Oman, there is bidirectional causality between the variables of interest in both periods. The results also reveal that the relationship between stock prices and exchange rates has become stronger after the 2007 global financial crisis. Overall, the results of this study indicate that fluctuations in foreign exchange markets can significantly affect stock markets in the Middle East.

일반적으로 한국의 독도 영유권 주장의 역사적 근거로, 『삼국사기』 신라본기의 512년 사료인 ‘이사부의 우산국 복속’을 가지고, ‘독도영유권에 대한 歷史的 權原’이라고 한다. 權原이란 권리의 원천이 된다는 말이다. 이사부의 우산국 복속은 지증왕 대에 신라가 국호를 제정하고 국왕호를 칭하는 등 국가 체제를 정비하고, 동해안으로 진출하여 북상이 이루어지는 과정에서 이루어졌다. 즉 신라는 실직주(삼척)와 하슬라주(강릉)를 장악한 후, 우산국을 복속하고 이어 비열흘주(안변)와 달 흘주(고성) 설치하고 진흥왕순수비를 세우며 삼국통일의 기반을 닦아 나갔다. 그리고 우신국 복속은 고구려와 대립적인 상황에서 고구려와 왜와의 연대나 우산국과 대마도와의 교류를 차단하는 등 신라의 배후를 안전하게 위해 이루어졌다. 그 결과 신라의 우산국을 복속은 동해의 제해권 확립이라는 결과를 도출해 내었고, 그러 한 사실은 『삼국사기』 신라본기의 왜 관계 기사를 통해서도 확인할 수 있다. 『삼국사기』에 나오는 왜의 신라 침입기사는 기원 전후부터 총 34회인데, 그 가운데 33회가 500년까지 나타나고 우산국 복속이후 231년간은 1번밖에 없었다. 그것은 우산국 복속에 의해 동해의 제해권을 신라가 장악했다는 사실을 말해주는 것이다. 그러한 의미에서 신라의 우산국 복속은 신라가 동해의 제해권을 확립한 역사적인 산물이며 독도를 우리의 영토에 편입했다는 확실한 역사적 증거이기도 하다.

We examined temporal and spatial structure of trends in precipitation-based and temperaturebased extreme indices simulated by the Regional Model Program of Global/Regional Integrated Model System (GRIMs-RMP). The extreme indices were selected to consider the frequency, intensity, and persistence of extreme events. During the Last 30 years from 1979 to 2008, the model reasonably have simulated the temporal and spatial pattern of the trend. Although overestimation of minimum temperature and underestimation of maximum temperature occured, the regional climate model captured observed direction and magnitude well in the indices based on temperature. The indices related to rainfall tended to be overestimated over East Asia except for Korea and Japan. However, the trend showd agreement with observation. the results allow us to be optimistic about the RCM ability in the simulation of important extreme event of precipitation and surface temperature in East Asia. This type of study can also provide meaningful climate statistics and insight into climate change impact study.

이 논문은 19세기 말엽, 동해라는 바다 명칭이 일본해 또는 다른 명칭으로 분지되는 과정과 관련된 한ㆍ일 양국 간의 인식을 통해 식민주의적 권력과 지식체계가 어떻게 상호구성적으로 이에 영향을 주고 있는지를 파악하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이러한 실상을 구체적으로 이해하기 위해 연구자는 외교문서ㆍ신문기사ㆍ고지도ㆍ어업협정문서ㆍ연설문 등에 나타나는 식민주의적 담론의 구성과 그 전략의 실천, 영토 및 해양경계에 관한 지역지식 및 가치체계의 전도양상, 명칭의 역사적 근원에 대한 해석방식 등에 대해 포괄적 접근을 하였다. 19세기 말엽은 한ㆍ일 양국에 있어서 해양공간과 관련된 영토성과 역사성이 변화하는 변곡점에 위치한다. 이 시기에 유럽의 식민지 세력이 아프리카에 확대되기도 하지만 동아시아에서도 서구의 문명개념이 식민정책에 영향을 주었을 뿐만 아니라 전 아시아 사회가 식민지상품경제체계로 들어가면서 국가경계를 넘은 식민주의적 상업공간의 확대가 이루어졌다. 서구의 문명개념은 식민주의적 영토성에 영향을 주었다. 일본의 경우, 서구의 진화론적 지식을 수용하면서 이에 기반을 둔 문명관념을 통해 기존의 아시아적 가치체계의 전도와 ‘군국’(軍國)의 새로운 영토적 범주의 창출, 영토화된 공간에 대한 개념화 등을 정립하였다. 이 시기 일본식 식민주의를 창출한 사상가들은 식민지배 이데올로기를 정당화하면서 기존의 동아시아 사상에 내재하던 ‘동문(同文)’, ‘일의대수(一衣帶水)’의 개념을 일본중심으로 전환하고자 하였다. 동해보다 과거 서구의 탐험가들이나 외교관들이 제작한 고지도 속에 기록된 일본해라는 바다 명칭을 새롭게 정립하는 과정, 야마가타 아리토모의 이익선과 주권선의 설정을 통한 영토성 구축, 후쿠자와 유기치의 문명과 반개(半開)라는 일본식 진화론적 사상의 정립, 참모본부ㆍ흑룡회ㆍ수산업자 등이 일본해 명칭을 사용한 사례들은 바다 이름이 문화 정치적ㆍ군사적 차원에서 상호영향을 주면서 만들어졌음을 보여준다. 19세기 한국인들의 바다 개념은 연해ㆍ내양ㆍ외양ㆍ원양 등의 범주로 구성되어 있었다. 이러한 개념들은 오늘날 국제해양법에서 정한 영해와 인접수역을 포괄하는 해역과 어느 정도 유사한 범위를 나타내주었다. 그리고 당시에 동해라는 바다 명칭은 동아시아인들이 하늘과 땅, 해, 달, 별자리, 산악, 바다, 강 등을 분류하고 위계질서를 정하며 그 방위를 주재하는 신을 위치시키는 공간인식방식에서 형성된 개념이었다. 동해란 동ㆍ서ㆍ남ㆍ북의 바다 명칭 가운데 하나이다. 그리고 조선왕조에서는 각 바다마다 신이 있다고 믿어 양양에 동해신에 대한 제사를 지내기 위해 동해신묘를 두었다. 이 점은 동해에 대해 조선왕조의 왕권이 행해졌음을 시사한다. 당시에 한국에서는 동해ㆍ조선해ㆍ한국해로, 일부 일본인들 중에는 일본 서해로, 중국의 왕지춘(王之春)은 고려해협 등으로 불렀다. 그러던 것이 19세기 말엽 일본의 명치 정부에서는 동해 대신에 일본해로 표기하거나 불렀다. 영토확장을 지향하는 식민주의자들은 지배적 이데올로기를 확산하는 과정에서 동해를 일본해로 공칭화하고자 하였다. 19세기 말엽, 식민주의적 영토지식과 담론은 일본이 동아시아의 바다공간을 군사적 지배영역으로 전환하면서 동해를 일본화된 해양공간으로 범주화하는 과정과 관련됨을 보여주었다. 이 시기 해양공간에 대해 영토성을 부여하는 데에는 명치 정부의 관료ㆍ군부ㆍ지식인ㆍ사상가ㆍ소기업가 등의 식민 이데올로기를 근간으로 한 영토적 장소만들기와 그 지배권의 제도적 실천 등이 원동력이 되었다. 19세기 말엽, 일본해가 동해 대신에 바다 이름으로 부각되는 과정에는 일본과 한국의 지배와 피지배의 정치구조 속에서 동아시아의 전통적 바다 분류체계의 해체, 일본의 식민주의 확대를 통한 동해 지배권 확대, 일본해 명칭사용을 정당화하기 위한 전략 등이 상호영향을 주었다. 특히 동해를 일본해로 명명함으로써 일본의 영토가 영해로 둘러싸여 있다는 상징적 의미를 부여하기 위한 문화 정치적 전략도 영향을 준 것으로 보인다.

This study evaluates climate simulations performed over the CORDEX Phase 2 East Asia domain with a Regional Climate Model (RCM), Consortium for Small-scale Modelling (COSMO)- Climate Limited-area Modelling (CLM) (CCLM), driven by the European Centre for Medium- Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) Reanalysis (ERA)-Interim reanalysis. We focus on examining the influence of spectral nudging on East Asian climate simulations by comparing a control simulation to a simulation including spectral nudging. Spatio-temporal climatology of temperature and precipitation is well reproduced by CCLM with distinct regional patterns of systematic biases. Improvement of CCLM performance on East Asian climate simulation is identified when applying a spectral nudging technique. The use of spectral nudging alleviates systematic biases existing on horizontal winds and geopotential heights during summer and winter. Stronger reduction in systematic biases is found at lower troposphere during summer, partly explaining improvement of summer precipitation over the northeast Asia. Bias and RMSE analysis shows considerable improvement occurring in both climatology and inter-annual variability of summer precipitation and winter temperature over South Korea. Results from a Taylor diagram analysis reveal that CCLM reproduces the observed spatial patterns reasonably well for both summer and winter, and that spectral nudging improves spatial pattern simulations of horizontal winds and geopotential height at 850hPa during summer.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to aim to stress the importance of doing business environment in South Korean economy. The theoretical justification is based on neo-institutional theories and new business management including Porter’s Model as main justifications of state intervention due to the market failures to promote a competitive environment of doing business. Research design, data and methodology – The methods to be taken is to provide a comparative performance analysis, and offer in terms of doing business and economic freedom sub-index complemented by Korean reforms diagnostics. Results – The main results underlined the key factors explain the success of business environment in South Korea such as: a simplified registration procedures, a target tax incentives, the removal of business barriers, the improvement of legislative and regulatory framework, target reforms, property right and technical norms, good governance and the quality of institution, a role of a well-functioning legal framework, a strong competition framework, and the transparency of regulation, etc. Conclusion – A competitive environment of doing business is based on the target national strategies, appropriate reforms responding to national needs and good governance system.

As the "Flying Geese Pattern"has collapsed in which Japan acted as the leader of East Asia, the "Headed Train Pattern" which has not only Japan’s pull in the front but also China’s push at the back also fails in the East Asian economic development. At present, China has the conditions to lead the economic development of East Asia and has an increasingly prominent pull effect on East Asian economy in many areas such as investment. The new role takes both opportunities and challenges for China.

In this study, the wind direction and the wind speed of the nearest temperature observations point of the National Weather Service was analyzed in order to investigate the rapid rise and drop of water temperature in the East Coast appeared after passing of the 2015 typhoon No. 9 and 11. Then the figures were simulated and analyzed using the WRF(weather research and forecast) model to investigate in more detailed path of the typhoon as well as the changes in the wind field. The results were as follows. A sudden drop of water temperature was confirmed due to upwelling on the East coast when ninth typhoon Chanhom is transformed from tropical cyclones into extra tropical cyclone, then kept moving eastwards from Pyongyang forming a strong southerly wind after 13th and this phenomenon lasted for two days. The high SST(sea surface temperature) is confirmed due to a strong northerly wind by 11th typhoon Nangka. This strong wind directly affected the east coast for three days causing the Ekman effect which transported high offshore surface waters to the coast. The downwelling occurred causing an accumulation of high temperature surface water. As a results, the SST of 15m and 25m rose to that of 5m.

We constructed marine forest to restore barren grounds which are expanding in the east coast of Korea using 2 methods of (1)seedlings transplantation method and (2)underwater floating ropes method. We transplanted 3 macroalgae species, Ecklonia cava, Undaria pinnatifida, and Saccharina. japonica to construct marine forest. Blade length of Undaria pinnatifida on underwater floating ropes was 56.70±8.69㎜ in April and grew 68.75±22.30㎜ in May and 70.75±14.36㎜ in July. Blade length of S. japonica was shown 97.95-143.00㎜ in April to June. Blade length of Ecklonia cava was 30.50±1.91㎜ in May, 41.55±1.84㎜ in August, 45.30±2.57㎜ in November, 2009 and 45.30±1.99㎜ in February, 2010. The survey on Dangsa area, Ulsan-city in January, 2009 found a total number of 15 algal species(1 brown algae, 14 red algae species) with the highest variety at 5m depth of A station and the lowest at 8m depth of A and B stations. The March survey showed a total of 24 species (1 green algae, 1 brown algae, 22 red algae species) with the highest variety of 11 at depths of 3m and 5m of B station and the lowest of 6 at 10m of B station. In May, total biomass was 3,755.4g (green algae 1.2g, brown algae 199.0g, red algae 3,555.2g). From January, 2009, we found that E. cava was dominant at the depths of 3m and 5m of A and B stations while Peyssonnelia capensis was dominant at the depth of 8m of A station. The 8m depth of B station was dominated by Acrosorium polyneurum. In May, Grateloupia lanceolata was dominant at 8m depth of A station while other depths were dominated by Phycodrys fimbriata. In June, the dominant species were G. lanceolata at the 3m depth, E. cava at the 5m and P. fimbriata at the depths of 8m and 10m of A station. Under B station, G. lanceolata was dominant at the depths of 3m and 5m while P. fimbriata was dominant at the depths of 8m and 10m.

The seasonal variation of phytoplankton communities and its standing crops in accordance with environmental factors were investigated at Yeongrang-ho, Cheongcho-ho, Mae-ho and Hyang-ho which are located in the East coast of Korea during April to October 2011. High concentrations of T-N and T-P were observed in four lagoons due to the inflowing nutrients from farmlands and residential areas near lagoons. Nutrient salts mainly composed of nitrogen and phosphate caused the eutrophication of the lakes, leading to the robust growth of phytoplankton. During the period of investigation, 64 to 107 taxa of phytoplankton were observed in four lagoons. Diatoms were the most dominant species with high density. Non-point pollution source was estimated as the main cause of water pollution of lagoons. Trophic states of lagoons evaluated using the value of TSI and TSIKO indicated that all the investigated lagoons were in the eutrophication state.

The maize production in South-eastern Asian countries showed a continuous increase with increasing poultrylivestock from the beginning of the 1990s to early 2010. Also the need for a new variety development of each contries was increased rapidly in the same period. Single-Cross hybrid varieties have been developed and supplied from 2001 instead of multi-cross maize varieties since 1992 in Indonesia. In Cambodia, CP group is mainly manufacturing feeds with most of the forage maize from farmers who are growing its seeds from the company. Cambodian main cultivars are varieties of multinational corporations such as DK8868 from Monsanto, NK6326, NK7328 from Syngenta and CP333 from CP group including local business company. Vietnam is the main maze importing country in South-Eastern Asia which had imported 13 times scale of amount compared to exports in average from 1990 to 2011. Vietnamese government has developed a range of varieties for improving their efficiency in production, such as the LVN-10 with political investments. Their production has been reached to 80% of the total. According to the 2012 MIFAFF (Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries) data in Korea, domestic edible maize cultivation area was approximately 15,000ha. It showed 74,399 tons of production, 3.8% of food self-sufficiency in maize and around 0.9% of grain self-sufficiency rate. The consumption of grain is mostly rely on imports in Korea. To overcome the limit of the domestic seed market and increase maize self-sufficiency, the need to develop maze varieties for world-class is increasing at present through analyzing the market trend and prospect of the seed industry in South-eastern Asia

본 연구는 국립농업과학원 농업유전자원센터와 일본 NIAS가 보유하고 있는 밀 유전자원 중 한국, 일본, 중국원산 밀 재래종 유전자원 486자원을 대상으로, 국내 적응성판별을 위한 성숙기 특성과 제빵 특성평가를 위하여 분자마커와 SDS-PAGE를 이용하여 고분자글루테닌 조성을 분석하였으며, 또한 이에 대한 원산지별 유전적 다양성을 조사하고 유용자원을 선발하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, SDS-PAGE와 DNA marker를 이용한 고분자글루테닌 분석결과 기존의 보고와 조성패턴이 일치하는 자원은 전체의 381자원으로 78.6%이고, 이중 24자원은(5.6%)는 재래종 유전자원 특성상 불균일성으로 인해 한 allele에 중첩된 band pattern을 보이는 자원이었으며, 13자원(3.2%)은 기존보고에서 볼 수 없는 새로운 band pattern을 보이는 자원으로 비슷한 유형별로 그룹화해 추후 DNA sequencing 분석이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 둘째, 한국과 일본 자원의 경우 Glu-A1과 Glu-B1 locus에서 Glu-A1c (null)와 Glu-B1b (7+8) allele이 가장 높은 빈도를 보였으나, 중국 자원의 경우 Glu-A1a (2*)와 Glu-B1c (7*+9)가 가장 높은 빈도를 보여 그 양상이 달랐다. 셋째, Glu-B1d (6+8)과 Glu-B1e (20), Glu-D1b(3+12), Glu-D1c(4+12)는 한국자원만 가지고 있는 특이 allele이었고, Glu-B1f (13+16)과 Glu-D1e (2+10)의 경우 오직 중국자원만 가지고 있는 독특한 allele로서 원산지별로 고유한 allele이 존재하였다. 넷째, 고분자 글루테닌 subunit 조합을 기준으로 하여 PIC 및 UPGMA 분석을 통해 유전적 다양성을 분석한 결과 중국자원(PIC value 0.53)의 경우 한국, 일본 자원(PIC value 0.35)보다 유전적 다양성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 UPGMA tree상 한국, 일본의 유전자원 대부분이 Group I 에 속하는 것과 달리 중국자원의 대부분은 GroupⅡ에 속해 양국과는 구별되는 특성을 보였다. 다섯째, 총 291자원에 대한 Glu-1점수평가를 실시한 결과, 총 26자원이 10점 만점 자원이었다. 이중 중국원산 자원이 23자원, 한국원산 자원은 3자원이었다. 선호되는 allele인 Glu-D1d를 가진 자원은 만점 자원을 제외하고 총 16점이 있었다. 또한 전체 자원 중에는 6점의 자원이 147자원으로 가장 많았고, 8점 이상의 비교적 우수한 조성의 자원은 84자원이었다. 여섯째, 선발된 만점 자원의 출수기, 성숙기를 조사한 결과, 6월 상순 이전에 성숙한 자원은 16자원으로 특히 이중 3자원(K151847, K151865, K151962)은 극조숙성인 국내품종들의 숙기와 비슷한 5월 하순 성숙해 특히 이용가능성이 높을 것으로 기대된다.

Since Ukraine’s crisis started in February 2014, the relations of the Russian Federation with Western powers deteriorated significantly and have reached the level of the Cold War conflict. That is why the “Pivot to Asia” is currently the key characteristics of its foreign policy strategy. This article analyses several scenarios of future security regime in Asia as well as Russia’s vision of possible developments in the Korean peninsula. It concludes that the strategic aim of the international community of nations nowadays should be peace-keeping, conflict resolution, maintaining status-quo in those regions (the Korean peninsula, for example), where an immediate solution is impossible.

This study investigates the direct and indirect effects of anthropogenic aerosols emission on East Asian climate during the winter (December-February) for the period of 1961-1990. Using a globally coupled climate model, HadGEM2-AO, we compare ensemble means between historical runs with and without aerosol emissions. During the 20th century the major contributions to the total Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) over the East Asian region came more from anthropogenic aerosols than from natural aerosols. The increasing total AOD induces the negative radiative in a clear-sky condition, leading to cooling the surface. Indirect effect contributes to the increase in the total cloud fraction, resulting from the increased low-level stratus and stratocumulus clouds. Consequently, the net surface radiative flux becomes negative due to the direct and indirect effects of aerosols. Land surface cooling seems to enhance the landsea pressure gradient in the East Asian wintertime climate, and the associated wind anomalies induce the regional wintertime precipitation amount changes over South China.

Centennial- to millennial-scale climate change since the last glacial needs to be revealed to improve the overall predictability of future environmental change. Special attention has been paid to short-term climate oscillations because they usually occurred rapidly enough to cause noticeable change in the average expected lifespan of human. Recently, short-term climate change during the late last glacial was successfully reconstructed from Hanon maar paleolake in Jeju island. In this study, centennial- to millennial-scale climate signals transferred via atmospheric teleconnection were detected for the first time in South Korea. Possible future presence of abrupt climate shifts such as Younger Dryas or 8.2 ka event would not seriously influence the Korean peninsula, especially not Jeju island, due to the Kuroshio warm currents. The study of climate variabilities in Korea could provide essential paleoclimatic information for the entire East Asian monsoon region since the climate of the Korean peninsula is driven significantly by coupled land-atmosphere-ocean dynamics.

울릉분지와 후포분지의 퇴적물 코어 시료(각 분지에서 하나씩 03GHP-02와 HB13-2)를 대상으 로 광물학적 연구를 수행하였다. 광물조성, 점토광물 성분, 그리고 총 인 성분 및 인의 연속추출법 연 구 결과, 두 시료들은 각 값에 대하여 또한 깊이에 따라 어느 정도 차이가 있음을 보이고 있다. 두 시 료 모두 광물 종에는 차이를 보이지 않았으며 주로 석영, 미사장성, 장석, 방해석, 오팔A, 황철석, 그 리고 점토광물(일라이트, 녹니석, 카올리나이트, 스멕타이트)로 구성되어 있었다. 후포분지의 경우 울 릉분지에 비하여 오팔A 함량이 훨씬 많은 것으로 나타났다. 두 시료 모두, 특히 후포분지 시료에서 기존에 동해에서 보고된 것보다 더 많은 스멕타이트가 동정되었는데 이는 고황하강의 영향과 한반도 의 제3기 지층 암석에 영향을 받은 것으로 사료된다. 울릉분지 시료의 경우 약 0.7-3.5 m 깊이에 오팔 A의 함량 감소 그리고 일라이트 결정도 지수도 낮게 나오며 이는 빙하시대의 추운 기후에 해당된다. 이 깊이의 시료에서는 인의 함량도 상대적으로 낮게 나오고 있다. 이는 이 기간 동안 동해는 해수면의 하강으로 외부 해역과 단절되었고 해협 및 하천을 통한 퇴적물의 유입도 적었기 때문으로 판단된다. 후포분지 시료의 경우 울릉분지에 비하여 깊이에 따른 점토광물 변화와 인의 성분 변화는 크게 관찰 되지 않는다. 이러한 경향은 울릉분지에 비하여 비교적 짧은 기간에 퇴적되었거나 퇴적환경의 변화가 별로 없는 환경에서 퇴적되었기 때문으로 해석된다. 점토광물의 결정도 지수는 울릉분지에 비하여 약 간 높아 퇴적되었을 당시 비교적 온난한 환경이었을 것으로 추측되며 인의 연구 결과로 미루어 볼 때 비록 어느 정도 변화는 있지만 또한 온난한 환경을 지시한다.