Recently IPCC (International Panel on Climate Change, 2007) pointed out that global warming is a certain ongoing process on the earth, due to which water resources management is becoming one of the most difficult tasks with the frequent occurrences of extreme floods and droughts. In this study we made runoff predictions for several control points in the Geum River by using the watershed runoff model, SSARR (Streamflow Synthesis and Reservoir Regulation Model), with daily RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios for 100 year from 1st Jan 2006 to 31st Dec 2100 at the resolution of 1 km given by Climate Change Information Center. As a result of, the Geum River Basin is predicted to be a constant flow increases, and it showed a variation in the water circulation system. Thus, it was found that the different seasonality occurred.

This research developed the fiber pullout impact test machine to investigate interfacial bond strength between fiber and cement based matrix under high velocity. To achieve the goal, firstly the existing pullout test machines were investigated. And then, these drawback were comprehended. Finally, Fiber pullout impact test machine base on strain energy frame impact machine was proposed.

This study was evaluated dynamic impact fracture behaviour of 80 MPa sprayed HPFRCC by Gas-gun test as a part of the research for development of sprayed HPFRCC for protection and blast resistant of existing structures.

This study performed gas-gun propelled projectile impact tests with high strength steel fiber reinforced concrete. Also, from the impact tests, failure modes and protection performances of HIgh Performance Concrete which is reinforced by steel fibers were assessed. High strength steel fiber reinforced concrete showed excellent protection performances against impact loads.

In this study, preliminary analytical study on the middle scale impact test of SC(steel plate concrete) walls were carried out to evaluate the impact resistance performance of SC walls subjected to missile impact load. A total of 15 middle-scale impact tests will be carried out to investigate the impact behavior of SC walls. Pre-test impact analysis for all test cases were performed to decide the initial impact velocity. Calibrations of the analytical parameter were performed using preliminary test results.

For the evaluation of load carrying capacity of continuous bridges, the testing target span should be selected where peak impact factor can be expected. In this paper, two and three continuous bridges with equal span length are considered and the moving vehicle load analysis is performed. All possible vehicle speeds are applied to the bridges and the peak impact factors obtained for each span are investigated. From the results, the maximum peak impact factors are developed at the middle of the first span to the direction of vehicle moving.

Recently, the velocity of vehicle in highway has been increased due to improved driving environment. Unfortunately, the impact resistance of present concrete median barrier is not enough for increased impact severity due to increased velocity, furthermore, these increased velocity occurs another secondary accidents due to the concrete fragmentation. Therefore, in this study, the evaluation of impact resistance for developed concrete median barrier was performed with shock absorber.

Robotics-Assisted Bridge Inpection Tool (RABITTM) combines a capability of conventional non-destructive evaluation techniques for condition assessment of concrete bridge decks, including electrical resistivity (ER), ground-penetrating radar (GPR), impact-echo (IE), ultrasonic surface waves (USW), and a high resolution digital camera. In this study, the RABITTM platform was used to evaluate delaminaitons in a concrete bridge deck fabricated in the laboratory.

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is an important policy implemented before starting development projects to estimate and reduce environmental impact. However, the difficulty of quantification on several rating categories has hampered comprehensive analysis. Instead of it, the current EIA just summarizes outcome of investigation. Therefore, EIA fails to definitively ascertain whether the development shold be approved or not. This study aimed at providing the way to comprehensive decision-making by applying Emergy analysis and Emergy indicators to EIA. Production (P), Emergy Yield Ratio (EYR), Environmental Loading Ratio (ELR) and Emergy Sustainability Index (ESI) were selected for indicators. The indicators of range approving the development were set up with comparing before and after development or according to circumstances of which view of average that was classified as region or industry is appropriate to analysis. As a result, the value after development of P should be higher than the value before development. EYR and ESI of the value before development should be higher than region or industry average. On the contrary to these, ELR of the value after development should be lower than region or industry average. To verify applying Emergy indicators to EIA comprehensive analysis, Emergy evaluation was conducted to real case. As a result, applying Emergy analysis could suggest whether the development is appropriate or not. These indices and the result of this research are expected to be applied decision-making on environmental impact for sustainable development.

For areas with the diverse contamination sources, the change of 4-nitrophenol contamination and impact of potential contamination sources have been evaluated using monitoring data and a numerical model (HydroGeoSphere). The model considered several parameters including land cover, precipitation, and flow rate. And, the model has been performed to investigate the effect of decay rate of 4-nitrophenol. The results of the simulations showed that the influence on 4-nitrophenol in downstream was mainly greater than that in upstream, and the tributaries did not significantly affect the mainstream because of their low flow rates. In addition, the effect of contamination sources was simulated for each section, then the measured data were higher than the corresponding simulated data in most sections of the Geumho river. In particular, the impact of the potential contamination sources in the upstream area was much higher than that in the other area, thus more monitoring data for the upstream area is required.

This research developed the fiber pullout impact test machine to investigate interfacial bond strength between fiber and cement based matrix under high velocity. To achieve the goal, firstly the existing pullout test machines were investigated. And then, these drawback were comprehended. Finally, Fiber pullout impact test machine base on strain energy frame impact machine was proposed.

This study was evaluated dynamic impact fracture behaviour of 80 MPa sprayed HPFRCC by Gas-gun test as a part of the research for development of sprayed HPFRCC for protection and blast resistant of existing structures.

It is important to understand consumer attitudes associated with their eco-friendly behavior on account of not only environmental reasons, but also corporate aspects. In this study, we examine the relations between variables influencing eco-friendly attitudes and eco-friendly behavioral intentions, namely, recycling, reusing, and reducing (3R). We first, performed a theoretical consideration through reviews of literature on ethical identity, ethical obligation, altruism, and eco-friendly attitudes, and behavioral intentions. Based on the literature review, we designed a study model and drew hypotheses. Further, we collected data using a survey and processed them statistically in order to verify the hypotheses. A total of 265 samples were collected and the data were analyzed using a structural equation model (-LISREL 8.70). The results suggest that ethical identity and altruism significantly influence environmental attitudes. However, the effects of ethical obligations on eco-friendly attitudes are insignificant. The environmental attitudes have a significant effects on the consumer behavioral intention for recycling, reusing, and reducing. Although this study has some limitations, it is expected that it will positively trigger follow-up research.

본 연구에서는 반구형과 평탄형의 비상체를 이용하여 일반콘크리트와 섬유보강콘크리트에 충격시험을 진행한 후 파괴깊이와 형 태, 파괴직경, 배면의 인장변형을 평가하였다. 선단면적이 작을수록 충격력의 집중에 의해 파괴깊이는 크고 표면파괴 직경은 작게 되는 것으로 확인되었다. 반면에 선단면적이 클수록 파괴깊이는 작지만 표면파괴직경은 크게 되었다. 일반콘크리트와 섬유보강 콘크리트에서 유사한 표 면파괴와 배면변형이 발생하였으나 인장변형의 크기는 일반콘크리트에 비해 섬유보강 콘크리트가 작은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 비상체의 선 단형상에 따른 표면관입의 형태와 배면의 인장변형 사이에 직접적인 연관이 있는 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 콘크리트의 배면박리한계두께 예 측 시에는 표면관입깊이뿐만 아니라 배면의 변형거동 또한 고려할 필요성이 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Impact Severity is important parameter to design concrete barrier in South Korea. However, maximum load and load-time history graph showed different depending on parameters under vehicle impact loading. Therefore, in this study, analysis according was conducted to various impact conditions such as vehicle mass and impact velocity under same impact severity. Obtained results from load-time history graph showed key parameter is velocity compared to vehicle mass.

In this study, We evaluated the impact resistance of structural member using high performance fiber reinforced cementitous composite according to compressive strength. As the compressive strength of structural member using HPFRCC increased, the deflection of the structural member decreased. The highest resistance of deflection occurred at 180 MPa HPFRCC.

본 연구는 다문화 아동의 이중언어 사용능력(한국어, 모국어)이 적응유연성과 문화정체감 에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 서울에 거주하는 한국인 아버지와 외국인 어머니로 이루어진 다문화 가정의 자녀 중 초등학생 133명을 대상으로 적응유연성 과 문화정체감에 관한 자기보고식 설문을 실시하였다. 주요연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 다문화가정 어머니의 출신국의 언어가 비국제어보다 국제어에서 다문화 아동의 모국어 사 용능력이 더 높게 나타났으며, 한국어 사용능력은 어머니의 출신국의 언어에 따른 영향이 없었다. 둘째, 한국어 사용능력은 적응유연성에 정적인 영향을 보였고, 모국어 사용능력과 어머니의 출신국은 적응유연성에 영향이 없었다. 셋째, 모국어 사용능력은 한국 문화정체감 에 정적인 영향을 보였고, 한국어 사용능력과 어머니의 출신국은 한국 문화정체감에 영향이 없었다. 넷째, 한국어 사용능력은 모국 문화정체감에 정적인 영향을 보였고, 모국어 사 용능력은 모국 문화정체감에 부적인 영향을 보였으며, 어머니의 출신국은 모국 문화정체감 에 영향이 없었다. 결론적으로, 다문화 아동의 한국어 사용능력이 우선적으로 뒷받침 되어 야 이중언어 사용능력을 통한 적응유연성과 문화정체감 형성에 긍정적으로 작용할 수 있음 을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 다문화 아동의 이중 문화정체감을 성공적으로 통합하고 적 응유연성의 향상을 위한 효과적인 이중언어 교육을 마련하는데 초석이 되었으면 한다.

Transported deposit was accumulated in a grit chamber built at the mouth of Yeocheoncheon in 1987 with the intention of blocking the influx of sediment into the Ulsan-harbor. This study attempted to analyze the effects of the transported deposit on the water quality at Yeocheoncheon. Only one episode of dredging has been performed in the approximately 25 years since the grit chamber were built, leading to the formation of stagnant water in the grit chamber due to a large amount of transported deposit. The deposit has a relatively high organic content, in the range of 11.7-25.9% (mean 18.3%). It appears that the main reason for the upstream transport of water pollution from the mouth of the Yeocheoncheon is the tides. The effects of organic content and stagnant water on water quality were analyzed using WASP. Moreover, the changes in water quality arising due to the removal of the grit chamber were analyzed. Results indicated that BOD improved by 18.8-100%, while T-P improved by 90.0-617.4%, between the grit chamber and Hanbi-Gyo , which is located 1.3 km away from the grit chamber.

이 논문은 19세기 말 서양 선교사들이 성서 번역과 지식 전달의 도구로 한글을 사용함으로써 한글을 재인식시키고 더 나아가 한글 공동체를 형성 하는 데에 끼친 공헌을 다루었다. 한글은 창제 이래 “양층 언어”라는 독특 한 언어 상황 속에서 한문의 하위 언어로서의 지위를 한번도 벗어 보지 못 했다. 그러나 19세기 말 중화사상이 흔들림에 따라 문화의 상징으로 여겨 졌던 한문의 지위가 흔들리기 시작하면서 그 자리를 대신하여 한글은 국문 이라는 이름을 부여 받게 된다. 하지만 한글은 현실적으로 국문으로서의 지위를 확보하지 못했고 국한문 혼용체가 주류를 이루고 있던 것이 19세기 말 조선의 언어 상황이었다. 이 시기에 조선에 입국한 서양 선교사들은 성 서번역과 문서 출판의 도구로 한글을 과감하게 선택함으로써 한글이 하나 님의 말씀을 전하고 지식을 전달하는 상층 언어로서 인식되는 데에 큰 공 헌을 했다. 한글이 처음으로 유교 경전의 내용을 담던 한자와 대등한 지위 를 부여 받게 된 것이다. 선교사들의 이러한 공헌은 단순히 한글을 재인식 시키는 데에 그친 것이 아니라 더 나아가 상하귀천을 막론하고 같은 문자 로 같은 정보를 공유하고 공론에 함께 참여하는 한글 공동체를 형성하는 데에도 영향을 미쳤다. 이렇게 볼 때 선교사들은 19세기 말 한글이 국문으 로 탄생되는 시기에 한글의 가치를 재인식 시키는 데에 매우 영향력 있는 촉매제 역할을 했다고 평가될 수 있다.

The initial and boundary conditions are important factors in regional chemical transport modeling systems. The method of generating the chemical boundary conditions for regional air quality models tends to be different from the dynamically varying boundary conditions in global chemical transport models. In this study, the impact of real time Copernicus atmosphere monitoring service (CAMS) re-analysis data from the modeling atmospheric composition and climate project interim implementation (MACC) on the regional air quality in the Korean Peninsula was carried out using the community multi-scale air quality modeling system (CMAQ). A comparison between conventional global data and CAMS for numerical assessments was also conducted. Although the horizontal resolution of the CAMS re-analysis data is not higher than the conventionally provided data, the simulated particulate matter (PM) concentrations with boundary conditions for CAMS re-analysis is more reasonable than any other data, and the estimation accuracy over the entire Korean peninsula, including the Seoul and Daegu metropolitan areas, was improved. Although an inland area such as the Daegu metropolitan area often has large uncertainty in PM prediction, the level of improvement in the prediction for the Daegu metropolitan area is higher than in the coastal area of the western part of the Korean peninsula.