Manganese dioxide (MnO2) is one of the most important cathode materials used in both aqueous and non-aqueous batteries. The MnO2 polymorph that is used for lithium primary batteries is synthesized either by electrolytic (EMD-MnO2) or chemical methods (CMD-MnO2). Commonly, electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) is used as a cathode mixture material for dry-cell batteries, such as a alkaline batteries, zinc-carbon batteries, rechargeable alkaline batteries, etc. The characteristics of lithium/manganese-dioxide primary cells fabricated with EMD-MnO2 powders as cathode were compared as a function of the parameters of a manufacturing process. The flexible primary cells were prepared with EMD-MnO2, active carbon, and poly vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binder (10 wt.%) coated on an Al foil substrate. A cathode sheet with micro-porous showed a higher discharge capacity than a cathode sheet compacted by a press process. As the amount of EMD-MnO2 increased, the electrical conductivity decreased and the electrical capacity increased. The cell subjected to heat-treatment at 200˚C for 1 hr showed a high discharge capacity. The flexible primary cell made using the optimum conditions showed a capacity and an average voltage of 220 mAh/g and 2.8 V, respectively, at 437.5μA.

Tungsten bronze structure Sr1-xBaxNb2O6 (SBN) single crystals were grown primarily using the Czochralski method, in which several difficulties were encountered: striation formation and diameter control. Striation formation occurred mainly because of crystal rotation in an asymmetric thermal field and unsteady melt convection driven by thermal buoyancy forces. To optimize the growth conditions, bulk SBN crystals were grown in a furnace with resistance heating elements. The zone of O2 atmosphere for crystal growth is 9.0 cm and the difference of temperature between the melt and the top is 70˚C. According to the growth conditions of the rotation rate, grown SBN became either polycrystalline or composed of single crystals. In the case of as-grown Sr1-xBaxNb2O6 (x = 0.4; 60SBN) single crystals, the color of the crystals was transparent yellowish and the growth axis was the c-axis. The facets of the crystals were of various shapes. The length and diameter of the single crystals was 50~70 mm and 5~10 mm, respectively. Tungsten bronze SBN growth is affected by the temperature profile and the atmosphere of the growing zone. The thermal expansion coefficients on heating and on cooling of the grown SBN single crystals were not matched. These coefficients were thought to influence the phase transition phenomena of SBN.

The growing conditions of barium nitrate Ba(NO3)2 single crystals using the aqueous solution method have been studied. Supersaturation can be calculated by measuring the temperature of the solution and its equilibrium temperature. Supersaturation of Ba(NO3)2 was 0.7% at 32.0˚C and about 3% at 34.0˚C. The obtained single crystals have three kind of morphology: tetrahedral, cubic, and, rarely, dodecahedral. The normal growth rate is proportional to the supersaturation; it is necessary to make the solution below 5% supersaturation in order to obtain transparent Ba(NO3)2 single crystals. The normal growth rate for 1ar11 faces was 2.51×10-6 mm/s for the 0.7% supersaturation condition (32.0˚C), 6.43×10-6 mm/s for the the condition of 3.0% supersaturation, and 7.01×10-6 mm/s for the condition of 5.0% supersaturation. The quality of the grown crystals depends on the nature of the seed, the cooling rate employed, and the agitation of the solution. The faces of the obtained crystals have been identified uising an X-ray diffractometer. The surface diffusion is responsible for the low growth rates of the 1ar11 faces.

The effects of clay, aluminum hydroxide, and carbon powder on the sintering of a Si/SiC mixture from photovoltaic silicon-wafer production were investigated. Sintering temperature was fixed at 1,350˚C and the sintered bodies were characterized by SEM and XRD to analyze the microstructure and to measure the apparent porosity, absorptivity, and apparent density. The XRD peak intensity of SiC in the sintered body was increased by adding 5% carbon to the Si/SiC mixture. From this result, it is confirmed that Si in the Si/SiC mixture had reacted with the added carbon. Addition of aluminum hydroxide decreased the cristobalite phase and increased the stable mullite phase. The measurement of the physical properties indicates that adding carbon to the Si/SiC mixture enables us to obtain a dense sintered body that has high apparent density and low absorptivity. The sintered body produced from the Si/SiC mixture with aluminum hydroxide and carbon powder as sintering additives can be applied to diesel particulate filters or to heat storage materials, etc., since it possesses high thermal conductivity, and anticorrosion and antioxidation properties.

(Na, K) NbO3 thick film was successfully achieved using a sol-gel coating process with the addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to a metal alkoxide solution. The transparent coating solution, mixed with Nb:PVP = 1:1 in a molar ration, was synthesized by evaporating the solvent to over 62.5 wt%. Additive PVP increased the viscosity of the solution so that the coating thickness could be enhanced. The thickness of the (Na, K) NbO3 film assisted by PVP was ca. 320 nm at the time of deposition; this value is four times thicker than that of the sample fabricated without PVP. Also, due to PVP binding with the OH groups of the metal alkoxide, the condensation reaction in the film was suppressed. The crystalline size of the (Na, K) NbO3 films assisted by PVP was ca. 15 nm smaller than that of the film fabricated without PVP. After the sintering process at 700˚C, the (Na, K) NbO3 films were mainly composed of randomly oriented (Na, K) NbO3 phase of perovskite crystal structure, including a somewhat secondary phase of K2Nb4O11. However, by adding PVP, the content of the secondary phase became quite smaller than that of the sample without PVP. It was thought that the addition of PVP might have the effect of restraining the loss of potassium and that PVP could hold metalloxane by strong hydrogen bonding before complete decomposition. Therefore, the film thickness of the (Na, K) NbO3 films could be considerably advanced and made more crack-free by the addition of PVP.

We have examined the co-doping effects of 1/2mol% NiO and 1/4mol% Cr2O3 (Ni:Cr=1:1) on the reaction,microstructure, and electrical properties, such as the bulk defects and the grain boundary properties, of ZnO-Bi2O3-Sb2O3 (ZBS;Sb/Bi=0.5, 1.0, and 2.0) varistors. The sintering and electrical properties of Ni,Cr-doped ZBS, ZBS(NiCr) varistors werecontrolled using the Sb/Bi ratio. Pyrochlore (Zn2Bi3Sb3O14), α-spinel (Zn7Sb2O12), and δ-Bi2O3 were detected for all ofcompositions. For the sample with Sb/Bi=1.0, the Pyrochlore was decomposed and promoted densification at lowertemperature by Ni rather than by Cr. A homogeneous microstructure was obtained for all of the samples affected by α-spinel.The varistor characteristics were not dramatically improved (non-linear coefficient, α=5~24), and seemed to formZni..(0.17eV) and Vo.(0.33eV) as dominant defects. From impedance and modulus spectroscopy, the grain boundaries werefound to have been divided into two types, i.e., one is tentatively assigned to ZnO/Bi2O3 (Ni,Cr)/ZnO (0.98eV) and the otheris assigned to a ZnO/ZnO (~1.5eV) homojunction.

In this study we aimed to examine the co-doping effects of 1/6mol% Co3O4 and 1/4mol% Cr2O3 (Co:Cr=1:1)on the reaction, microstructure, and electrical properties, such as the bulk defects and the grain boundary properties, of ZnO-Bi2O3-Sb2O3 (ZBS; Sb/Bi=0.5, 1.0, and 2.0) varistors. The sintering and electrical properties of Co,Cr-doped ZBS, ZBS(CoCr)varistors were controlled using the Sb/Bi ratio. Pyrochlore (Zn2Bi3Sb3O14), α-spinel (Zn7Sb2O12), and δ-Bi2O3 were formed inall systems. Pyrochlore was decomposed and promoted densification at lower temperature on heating in Sb/Bi=1.0 by Cr ratherthan Co. A more homogeneous microstructure was obtained in all systems affected by α-spinel. In ZBS(CoCr), the varistorcharacteristics were improved (non-linear coefficient, α=20~63), and seemed to form Zni..(0.20eV) and Vo.(0.33eV) asdominant defects. From impedance and modulus spectroscopy, the grain boundaries were found to be composed of anelectrically single barrier (0.94~1.1eV) that is, however, somewhat sensitive to ambient oxygen with temperature. The phasedevelopment, densification, and microstructure were controlled by Cr rather than by Co but the electrical and grain boundaryproperties were controlled by Co rather than by Cr.

We aimed to examine the co-doping effects of 1/6mol% Mn3O4 and 1/4mol% Cr2O3 (Mn:Cr=1:1) on the reaction,microstructure, and electrical properties, such as the bulk defects and grain boundary properties, of ZnO-Bi2O3-Sb2O3 (ZBS;Sb/Bi=0.5, 1.0, and 2.0) varistors. The sintering and electrical properties of Mn,Cr-doped ZBS, ZBS(MnCr) varistors werecontrolled using the Sb/Bi ratio. Pyrochlore (Zn2Bi3Sb3O14), α-spinel (Zn7Sb2O12), and δ-Bi2O3 (also β-Bi2O3 at Sb/Bi≤1.0)were detected for all of the systems. Mn and Cr are involved in the development of each phase. Pyrochlore was decomposedand promoted densification at lower temperature on heating in Sb/Bi=1.0 system by Mn rather than Cr doping. A morehomogeneous microstructure was obtained in all systems affected by α-spinel. In ZBS(MnCr), the varistor characteristics wereimproved dramatically (non-linear coefficient, α=40~78), and seemed to form Vo.(0.33eV) as a dominant defect. Fromimpedance and modulus spectroscopy, the grain boundaries can be seen to have divided into two types, i.e. one is tentativelyassigned to ZnO/Bi2O3 (Mn,Cr)/ZnO (0.64~1.1eV) and the other is assigned to the ZnO/ZnO (1.0~1.3eV) homojunction.

Yellow phosphor dispersed color conversion glasses are promising phosphor materials for white LED applications because of their good thermal durability, chemical stability, and anti-ultraviolet property. Six color conversion glasses were prepared with high Tg and low Tg specimens of glass. Luminous efficacy, luminance, CIE (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage) chromaticity, CCT (Correlated Color Temperature), and CRI (Color Rendering Index) of the color conversion glasses were analyzed according to the PL spectrum. Color conversion glasses with high Tg glass frit, sintered at higher temperature, showed better luminous properties than did color conversion glasses with low Tg glass frit. The characteristics of the color conversion glass depended on the glass composition rather than on the sintering temperature. The XRD peaks of the YAG phosphor disappeared in the color conversion glass with major components of B2O3-ZnO-SiO2-CaO and, in the XRD results, new crystalline peaks of BaSi2O5 appeared in the color conversion glass with major components of Bi2O3-ZnO-B2O3-MgO. The characteristics of CIE chromaticity, CCT, and the CRI of low Tg color conversion glasses showed worse color properties than those of high Tg color conversion glasses. However, these color characteristics of low Tg glasses were improved by thickness variation. So color conversion glasses with good characteristics of both luminous and color properties were attained.

ZnO nanorods were successfully fabricated on Zn foil by chemical bath deposition (CBD) method. The ZnO precursor concentration and immersion time affected the surface morphologies, structure, and electrical properties of the ZnO nanorods. As the precursor concentration increased, the diameter of the ZnO nanorods increased from ca. 50 nm to ca. 150 nm. The thicknesses of the ZnO nanorods were from ca. 1.98μm to ca. 2.08μm. ZnO crystalline phases of (100), (002), and (101) planes of hexagonal wurtzite structure were confirmed by XRD measurement. The fabricated ZnO nanorods showed a photoluminescene property at 380 nm. Especially, the ZnO nanorods deposited for 6 h in solution with a concentration of 0.005M showed a stronger (101) peak than they did (100) or (002) peaks. In addition, these ZnO nanorods showed a good electrical property, with the lowest resistance among the four samples, because the nanorods were densely in contact and relatively without pores. Therefore, a ZnO nanorod substrate is useful as a highly sensitive biochip substrate to detect biomolecules using an electrochemical method.

The electrical properties of a laminated SMD type PTC thermistor for microcircuit protection were investigated as a function of polymer blowing agent addition. Green ceramics for multilayered BaTiO3-based PTCRs were formed by doctor blade method of barium titanate powders; we successfully laminated the sintered ceramic chips to obtain 10 layer chip PTCRs with PTC effect. The sintered density increases with increasing sintering temperature. The electrical properties of the sintered samples were strongly dependent on the calcination and addition of a polymer blowing agent. When BaTiO3 powders containing 0.2 mol% of Y2O3 were calcined at 1000˚C for 2 hrs, the resistivity jump was of 1-2 orders of magnitude. The resistivity at room temperature increases according to the polymer blowing agent addition. Also, the sample using the calcined powder showed a lower resistivity than that of the sample prepared using powders without calcinations. With an increase in the OBSH, the magnitude of the resistivity jumped as a function of the temperature increase. The resistivity of the sintered bodies after the addition of 0.5 wt% polymer blowing agent at 1290˚C for 2 h was shown to be about 8.5Ω·cm; the jump order of the sintered bodies was shown to be on the order of 102.

For the purpose of improving the durability problem, translucent opal glass was fabricated as a substitute for the polycarbonate diffuser of LED lighting. Calcium phosphate was used as an opacifier of opal glass and melted in an electric furnace. The opaque effect was identified according to the change of the cooling procedure. As results, translucent opal glass was obtained by the melting of a batch with a composition of 3.8% calcium phosphate at 1550˚C for 2 hrs and then the cooling of the material in the furnace. For the cooling condition of the glass sample, HTCG (High Temperature Cooled Glass) was found to have better optical properties than LTAG (Low Temperature Annealed Glass). It had excellent optical properties for a diffuser of LED lighting, with no dazzling from direct light due to its high haze value of over 99% and low parallel transmittance value of under 1%. For the thermal properties, it had an expressed thermal expansion coefficient of 5.7×10-6/˚C and a softening point of 876˚C; it also had good thermal properties such as good thermal shock resistance and was easy to apply to the general manufacturing process in the forming of glass tubes and bulbs. Therefore, it is concluded that this translucent opal glass can be used as a glass diffuser material for LED lighting with high heat resistance and high durability; this material is suitable as a substitute for polycarbonate diffusers.

Coatings composited with alumina and Perfluoro alkoxyalkane (PFA) resin were deposited on stainless steel plate (SUS304) to further improve corrosion resistance. Plate (ca. 10μm) and/or nanosize (27~43 nm) alumina used as inorganic additives were mixed in PFA resin to make alumina-fluoro composite coatings. These coatings were deposited on SUS304 plate with wet spray coating and then the film was cured thermally. According to the amount and ratio of the two kinds of alumina having plate morphology and nano size, corrosion resistance of the film was evaluated under strong acids (HF, HCl) and a strong base (NaOH). The film prepared with the addition of 5~10 wt% alumina powders in PFA resin showed corrosion resistance superior to that of pure PFA resin film. However, for the film prepared with alumina content above 10 wt%, the corrosion resistance did not improve with the physical properties, such as surface hardness and adhesion. The film prepared with plate/nanosize (weight ratio = 1/2) alumina especially enhanced the surface hardness and corrosion resistance. This can be explained as showing that the plate and the nanosize alumina dispersed in PFA resin effectively suppressed the penetration of cations and anions due to the long penetration length and fewer defects that accompany the improved surface hardness under a serious environment of 10% HF solution for over 120 hrs.

우리는 철학상담사를 약사에, 내담자를 몸이 아파 약국을 찾은 환자에 비유할 수 있다. 약사가 환자의 증상을 듣고 병을 진단하여 적절한 약을 처방하듯이, 철학상담사가 하는 일도 이와 유사하다는 것이다. 이 비유가 말해주는 것은 많지만, 이 중 중요한 하나는 약국에는 약이 준비되어 있어야 하듯이, 철학상담을 위해서는 상담을 위해 마련된 철학이 있어야 한다는 것이다. 한 철학상담사가 철학의 모든 분야에 대해 전문 지식을 갖추기는 현실적으로 어렵다. 이런 철학상담사들에게 추상적이고 학문적인 철학의 원재료를 철학 상담에 맞게 가공한 자료가 주어진다면 큰 도움이 될 것이다. 이런 도움을 위한 연구의 일환으로 시도된 것이 이 논문이다. 이런 연구를 위해 필자가 택한 대상은 근대 영국의 철학자 데이빗 흄(David Hume)의 철학이다. 영미와 유럽 권에서 칸트에 비견되는 비중을 지닌 흄의 철학은 아카데믹하고 전문적인 내용뿐만 아니라 현대인의 건강한 삶을 위해 필요한 값진 지혜도 풍부하게 포함하고 있다고 필자는 믿는다. 이 연구에서 주목하는 흄의 철학적 논제는 그의 주저인『인성론』1권과 『인간오성론』에서 제시된 그의 ‘인식론적 회의주의’와 ‘자연주의’, 그리고 ‘온건한 회의주의’이다. 이 논문에서 필자는 이 세 가지 논제의 철학적 맥락을 제공할 것이며, 이것들의 상담적 함의 또는 활용가치에 대해 살펴보겠다.

파생어는 어기와 파생접사로 이루어지는 복합어이다. 어기는 하나의 단어일 때도 있고 의미상 그 단어의 중심 요소이지만 단어의 자격은 가지지 못한 어근일 때도 있다. 파생접사는 사전에 독립 항목으로 등재되는 것이 일반적이다. 그러므로 사전의 기술에서 파생어와 어기와 접사는 서로 단어형성론적으로 밀접하게 관련되는 항목들을 구성하게 된다. 이에 따라 파생접사와 파생어의 기술은 단순어나 합성어의 기술에서와는 달리 복잡한 고려 사항들을 가지게 되며 그만큼 더 체계적인 기술 방안이 필요하게 된다. 본고에서는 국립국어연구원에서 편찬한『표준국어대사전』1)을 중심으로 파생어의 사전 처리에 대하여 살펴보면서 존재하는 문제점들을 제시하였다. 본고에서는 주로 파생어의 표제어 설정, 파생접사의 표제어 설정, 표제어의 표기, 파생접사의 뜻풀이, 파생어의 뜻풀이에 대해 살펴보았는데 파생어와 표제어의 설정 문제에 대해서는『표준국어대사전』에서 일관성을 반영하려고 노력했음을 볼 수 있는데 파생접사의 뜻풀이 가령 ‘-거리다/-대다’, ‘-답다’의 뜻풀이 등에 대한 사전 처리는 더 보완할 필요가 있으며 앞으로의 한국어사전편찬에 반영이 되었으면 한다.

이하윤(1906~1974)은 1926년 시 <일허진 무덤>을 발표한 이후 한국적인 운율과 서정성을 담은 시편(詩篇), 서구지향적인 시편, 그리고 유행가 가사로 사용된 가요시(歌謠詩) 등 다양하고도 이색적인 시편들을 모아 한 권의 시집으로 묶어 간행하는 등, 1930년대로서는 매우 독특한 활동 영역을 보여준 시인이다. 바로, 1939년에 간행된『물네방아』는 이와 같은 이하윤 시의 특성이 고스란히 담긴 중요한 시집이다. 이 논문은 이하윤 시집『물네방아』를 대상으로 하여 1930년대의 한 시인이 지향하고자 한, 시의 전통성과 근대성의 표출 방식을 살펴보고, 서로 상반된 두 성향이 어떻게 한 시인의 시집 안에서 반영되고 드러나는지를 고찰해 보고자 한다. 특히, 1930년대에 새로운 시 장르로 편입된 ‘가요시’의 형성을 이하윤의 시세계를 통해 살펴볼 수 있을 것이다.주지하면, 시집『물네방아』에는 총 109편의 많은 시가 수록되어 있다. 이 시집은 크게 두 부분으로 나뉘는데 ‘물네방아’란 소제목으로 묶인 67편의 서정시와 ‘가요시초(歌謠詩抄)’란 소제목으로 묶인 42편의 가요시가 그것이다. 그러나 물리적인 형식이 아닌 내용상 특징으로 재분류하면, 시집『물네방아』는 세 가지의 서로 다른 시세계를 엿볼 수 있다. 즉, 시집 전반부에 수록된 67편의 서정시는 ‘물네방아’로 대변되는 토속적인 제재와 고향, 자연 등 전통세계로의 회귀를 보여주는 전통지향적인 시와, 도시적 감성과 외래적 시어 등을 근간으로 하여 창작된 근대지향적 시로 다시 나뉜다. 시집 후반부는 1930년대에 유성기음반에 취입된 노랫말(가요시)을 시집 안에 포함시킨 것들이다.이 논문은 이러한 서로 다른 세 가지 방식의 시적 특징이 어떻게 한 권의 시집『물네방아』에 구현되고 있는지를 살펴보고, 그 의미를 ‘1930년대’의 시대상에서 되짚어 보고자 한다.

학교폭력 문제는 우리 사회가 안고 있는 심각한 질병이다. 철학상담은 이 문제에 대해 근본적인 치유책을 내놓아야 한다. 특히 청소년들의 학교폭력과 관련한 현재의 신념상태를 진단해보고 철학적 반성을 거쳐 바람직한 신념상태로 전환시키는 데 철학상담이 기여할 바가 크다. 본고에서는 학교폭력 문제에 대해서 중학교 교실공동체를 장면으로 삼아서 비판적 구성주의 모형을 적용한 집단 철학상담의 사례를 제시한다. 이를 위해 먼저 논리기반치료(LBT)와 합리적 정서행동 치료(REBT)를 비롯한 기존의 철학상담, 철학치료의 이론적 전제들을 비판적 구성주의 모형과 비교해서 검토해보고, 토론중심의 상담자료와 사례를 제시해서 폭력의 정당성 문제를 둘러싸고 학생들의 기존 개념을 비판적으로 검토하여 새로운 개념을 정교화해 구성하도록 하여 정서, 인지, 행동교정을 유도한다.

이 글은 지방자치제의 시행으로 변화한 한국 사회의 여러 지형 가운데 특산품의 사회적 생산 과정에 관심을 두고 있다. 지방자치제 이후 대부분의 지역에서는 인물, 역사적 사건, 민속, 경관, 특산품 등을 지역 상징화하며 홀로서기를 시도했다. 이 과정에서 지역간의 이해관계가 발생할 때에는 지역과 친연성을 강조하기 위한 다양한 담론들을 생산했다.이 글에서 관심을 갖는 ‘원조대게’ 논쟁의 경우 영덕과 울진에서 지역의 특산품인 대게를 상징화하는 과정에서 불거졌다. ‘원조대게’ 논쟁에서 유리한 고지를 점하기 위해 두 지역에서 펼친 전략은 크게 ‘역사만들기’, ‘마을만들기’, ‘축제만들기’로 요약된다. 먼저 역사만들기 과정에서는 문헌, 민속, 구술, 생활사 등을 발굴하거나 재해석하며 대게의 역사성과 정통성을 드러내려 했다. 다음으로 마을만들기 과정에서는 역사만들기를 통해 생산한 성과들을 바탕으로 ‘대게의 고향’을 만들면서 신화적 공간을 구축했다. 이어서 축제만들기의 과정에서는 각종 담론들을 담아내고 새로운 전략을 선보이는 장으로 활용했다. 이처럼 두 지역에서 대게를 품안으로 끌어들이기 위해 펼친 행보를 통해 특산품이 사회적 생산과 의미화 과정을 살필 수 있을 것이다.

이 글의 목적은 정신적 빈곤과 마음의 병을 치유하기 위한 철학상담의 구체적인 모형을 제시함으로써 철학상담의 본질을 보여주는 데 있다. 2절에서는 질병을 신체의 병과 마음의 병으로 구분하고 철학상담의 대상은 마음의 병이라는 점을 주장한다. 이어서 철학상담의 대상인 되는 마음의 병을 전통적인 철학 분야에 따라 유형별로 구분하고 그 특징을 제시한다. 3절에서는 목적론적 모형(teleological model)이 제시된다. 먼저 목적론적 모형의 이론적 기반인 체화된 마음 이론(theory of embodied mind)과 행위에 대한 목적론적 설명을 설명하고, 이어서 폰 리히트(von Wright)의 행위설명 이론에 기반을 둔 목적론적 치유 모형이 제시된다. 4절에서는 목적론적 모형에 따른 철학상담의 사례를 제시함으로써 철학상담에 대한 목적론적 접근의 특징과 장점이 구체적으로 제시된다.

이 글은 요한계시록 11장에 나오는 두 증인 이야기가 의도하는 바를 밝히려 하는 것이다. 이런 목적을 위해서 요한계시록 기록 당시의 역사적 상황 이해와 요한계시록 11장에 나타난 문학적 상징에 대한 이해에 집중하여 요한의 문학적 ‧ 신학적 의도를 찾고자 하였다. 당시의 정치적, 경제적 상황 속에서 요한이 지켜내려고 했던 것은 독자들의 충성스러운 신앙이었다. 따라서 요한은 두 증인 이야기를 통해 독자들의 믿음을 강화하고 독자들에게도 예수와 동일시되는 충성스러운 증인이 되라고 권고하고 있는 것이다. 신실한 선지적 증인의 패러다임을 제공하는 이러한 문학적 ‧ 신학적 고안은 박해와 같은 고난과 죽음의 정황 가운데 있는 독자들에게 하나님이 미래에 대해 가진 목적을 볼 수 있는 통찰력을 제공한다. 또한 그렇게 함으로써 현재에 대한 독자들의 관점과 태도를 형성하여 그러한 하나님의 목적에 능동적으로 참여하도록 요청한다. 요한은 독자들에게 두 증인 이야기라는 상징을 통해 하나님의 목적에 능동적 참여라는 새로운 의미를 부여하고 있는 것이다. 이런 점에서 요한계시록 11장의 문학적 가치와 신학적 가치는 서로 분리될 수 없다.