이 논문은 근대시 형성과정에 대한 두 가지의 의문으로 시작 했다. 첫째, 근대시의 형성과정은 개화가사→ 창가→ 신체시→ 자유시로 단계적인 이행을 거쳤을까? 둘째, 19세기말 찬송가의 유입은 창가처럼 노래를 전제한 시가(詩歌) 뿐만 아니라, 신체시와 자유시의 형성에도 상당하게 영향을 주었을까? 하는 것이었다. 사실 창가와 신체시는 서양의 선교사들이 중심이 되어 찬송가가 활발하게 번역되면서 개화기의 시가(詩歌)에 영향을 주게 되고, 이후 자유시의 태동에도 일정부분 영향을 끼친 것으로 생각된다. 이 글의 논점은 찬송가는 서양악곡을 기반으로 한 종교음악이었지만 번역과정을 통해 시적(詩的)인 형식과 새로운 문물에 대한 인식의 전환을 가져와서 근대시의 형성에도 영향을 준 것으로 보 았다. 최남선의 신체시는 그 가운데에 등장하게 된 것이며, 본고는 이를 갈등과 변화 속에서 탄생한 ‘메타모포시스 시학’으로 불러보고자 했다.

This study was conducted to investigate the bioconversion of ginsenosides as well as anti-inflammatory activities of fresh ginseng Kkakdugi during fermentation. Fresh ginseng Kkakdugi reached proper ripeness, pH 4.30, and acidity 1.69% at 15oC after 10 days. Lactic acid bacteria grew until reaching 1.10×109 CFU/mL after 20 days of fermentation, and β- glucosidase activity increased from 1.154 to 1.885 units/g. The bioconversion of ginsenosides was confirmed based on increased content of Rg3, an aglycone, from 0.13 to 0.17 mg/g during fermentation through HPLC. Fresh ginseng Kkakdugi did not display cytotoxicity up to the concentrations of 80 μg/mL, regardless of ripening period. Nitrite production and expression of inflammation-related proteins, iNOS and COX-2, decreased in a dose-dependent manner regardless of ripening period. From these results, fresh ginseng Kkakdugi showed the bioconversion of ginsenosides to aglycone during the lactic acid fermentation as well as an anti-inflammatory effect through the reduction of NO production and iNOS and COX-2 expression

The purpose of this study is to gauge the opinions of parents and teachers of English for the primary and secondary schools. It seeks to discover the implications for English education and provide referential data necessary to run a better English policy in school. A survey was conducted on a total of 3,294 particpants including 2,040 parents of public schools and 1,254 English teachers in primary and secondary schools. The questionnaire consists of 12 questions about the policies of TEE (Teaching English in English) and the NEAT (National English Ability Test). We used the SPSS 20.0 software to perform chi-square and t-tests. The results showed that teachers and parents were in agreement about the necessity of both TEE and the NEAT. In particular, the majority of parents thought that teaching English in English is important, and that the NEAT should be used for practical English improvement.

Antioxidant activity of dropwort fermented extract (DFE) was measured according to fermentation period, and liverprotective effects were examined using Sprague-Dawley rats. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents as well as DPPH andABTS radical scavenging activities increased up to 60~80 days and then decreased slightly. Proper fermentation time forDFE was more than 60 days and less than 80 days. Administration of alcohol to rats for 10 days at 10mL/kg/day raisedserum AST, ALT, total cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG) levels, which were then lowered by DFE and sugar liquid with thesame soluble solids. While sugar liquid increased the blood lipid profile, especially TG levels, DFE had no effect due to itsantioxidant activity. When TBARS content of the DFE group in liver tissue significantly decreased in a concentration-dependent manner compared to that of the ALH group (p<0.05). Liver damage was recovered by DFE treatment and wasconfirmed by hamatoxylin-eosin staining. These results suggest that DFE has a protective effect against alcohol-inducedhepatotoxicity in SD rats.

(Y123) powders for the fabrication of bulk superconductors were synthesized by the powder reaction method using (99.9% purity), (99.75%) and CuO (99.9%) powders. The raw powders were weighed to the cation ratio of Y:Ba:Cu=1:2:3, mixed and calcined at in air with intermediate repeated crushing steps. It was found that the formation of Y123 powder was more sensitive to reaction temperature than reaction time. The calcined Y123 powder and a mixture of (Y123 + 0.25 mole + 1 wt.% , (Y1.5)) were used as raw powders for the fabrication of poly-grain or single grain superconductors. The superconducting transition temperature () of the sintered Y123 sample was 91 K and the transition width was as large as 11 K, whereas the of the melt-grown Y1.5 sample was 90.5 K and the transition width was 3.5 K. The critical current density () at 77 K and 0 T of the sintered Y123 was 700 , whereas the of the top-seeded melt growth (TSMG) processed Y1.5 sample was . The magnetic flux density (H) at 77 K of the TSMG-processed Y123 and Y1.5 sample showed the 0.53 kG and 2.45 kG, respectively, which are 15% and 71% of the applied magnetic field of 3.5 kG. The high H value of the TSMG-processed Y1.5 sample is attributed to the formation of the larger superconducting grain with fine Y211 dispersion.

이하윤(1906~1974)은 1926년 시 <일허진 무덤>을 발표한 이후 한국적인 운율과 서정성을 담은 시편(詩篇), 서구지향적인 시편, 그리고 유행가 가사로 사용된 가요시(歌謠詩) 등 다양하고도 이색적인 시편들을 모아 한 권의 시집으로 묶어 간행하는 등, 1930년대로서는 매우 독특한 활동 영역을 보여준 시인이다. 바로, 1939년에 간행된『물네방아』는 이와 같은 이하윤 시의 특성이 고스란히 담긴 중요한 시집이다. 이 논문은 이하윤 시집『물네방아』를 대상으로 하여 1930년대의 한 시인이 지향하고자 한, 시의 전통성과 근대성의 표출 방식을 살펴보고, 서로 상반된 두 성향이 어떻게 한 시인의 시집 안에서 반영되고 드러나는지를 고찰해 보고자 한다. 특히, 1930년대에 새로운 시 장르로 편입된 ‘가요시’의 형성을 이하윤의 시세계를 통해 살펴볼 수 있을 것이다.주지하면, 시집『물네방아』에는 총 109편의 많은 시가 수록되어 있다. 이 시집은 크게 두 부분으로 나뉘는데 ‘물네방아’란 소제목으로 묶인 67편의 서정시와 ‘가요시초(歌謠詩抄)’란 소제목으로 묶인 42편의 가요시가 그것이다. 그러나 물리적인 형식이 아닌 내용상 특징으로 재분류하면, 시집『물네방아』는 세 가지의 서로 다른 시세계를 엿볼 수 있다. 즉, 시집 전반부에 수록된 67편의 서정시는 ‘물네방아’로 대변되는 토속적인 제재와 고향, 자연 등 전통세계로의 회귀를 보여주는 전통지향적인 시와, 도시적 감성과 외래적 시어 등을 근간으로 하여 창작된 근대지향적 시로 다시 나뉜다. 시집 후반부는 1930년대에 유성기음반에 취입된 노랫말(가요시)을 시집 안에 포함시킨 것들이다.이 논문은 이러한 서로 다른 세 가지 방식의 시적 특징이 어떻게 한 권의 시집『물네방아』에 구현되고 있는지를 살펴보고, 그 의미를 ‘1930년대’의 시대상에서 되짚어 보고자 한다.

This paper analyzes the effects of six month intensive English teachers’ training on communicative language teaching. The subject includes twenty teachers who showed greater improvement in the pre and post comparison of their English teaching demos out of 37 elementary school English teachers attended in the training. The in-house evaluation criteria have been used to select twenty teachers who enhanced their teaching skills greater than others‘ To look into details of the teaching enhancement, Foreign Language lnteraction (FLint), Communicative Orientation of Language Teaching (COL T) and Target Language Observation Scheme (T ALOS) have been used to investigate changes of interaction, teacher language, activities and methods. The findings ofthis paper include that the positive effects of six month teachers’ training show pal1icularly in the area of designing and implementing activities. Teacher's c1assroom languages have changed into more non-directive and affective after the training. Teachers allow more rooms of students' engagement by using more question, confirmation and feedback discourse routÎne after the training.

Pluripotency of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) is one of the most valuable ability of hESCs for applying cell therapy field, but also showing side effect, for example teratoma formation. When transplant multipotent stem cell, such as mesnchymal stem cell (MSC) which retains similar differentiation ability, they do not form teratoma in vivo, but there exist limitation of cellular source supply. Accordingly, differentiation of hESC into MSC will be promising cellular source with strong points of both hESC and MSC line. In this study, we described the derivation of MSC like cell population from feeder free cultured hESC (hESC- MSC) using direct differentiation system. Cells population, hESC-MSC and bone marrow derived MSC (BM-MSC) retained similar characteristics in vitro, such as morphology, MSC specific marker expression and differentiation capacity. At the point of differentiation of both cell populations, differentiation rate was slower in hESC-MSC than BM-MSC. As these reason, to verify differentially expressed molecular condition of both cell population which bring out different differentiation rate, we compare the molecular condition of hESC-MSC and BM-MSC using 2-D proteomic analysis tool. In the proteomic analysis, we identified 49 differentially expressed proteins in hESC-MSC and BM-MSC, and they involved in different biological process such as positive regulation of molecular function, biological process, cellular metabolic process, nitrogen compound metabolic process, macromolecule metabolic process, metabolic process, molecular function, and positive regulation of molecular function and regulation of ubiquitin protein ligase activity during mitotic cell cycle, cellular response to stress, and RNA localization. As the related function of differentially expressed proteins, we sought to these proteins were key regulators which contribute to their differentiation rate, developmental process and cell proliferation. Our results suggest that the expressions of these proteins between the hESC-MSC and BM-MSC, could give to us further evidence for hESC differentiation into the mesenchymal stem cell is associated with a differentiation factor. As the initial step to understand fundamental difference of hESC-MSC and BM-MSC, we sought to investigate different protein expression profile. And the grafting of hESC differentiation into MSC and their comparative proteomic analysis will be positively contribute to cell therapy without cellular source limitation, also with exact background of their molecular condition.

This paper is to test the mediating effect of superior trust on the relationship between organizational justice and service quality in service food industry. Based on 302 data gathered in western Kangwon area, analysis result showed that procedural, interactional, and distributive justice have affirmative relation with trust, and also trust has close relation with service quality. Therefore, trust appeared to have fully mediating effect on the relationship between organizational justice and service quality.

Korean Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (P. ginseng) is a well-known and one of the most important tonic herbs used in traditional Korean medicine. The pharmacological effects of P. ginseng have been reported by many researchers. Nevertheless, little is known between the mechanism of action and the active compounds. In this study, we performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis and protein categorization in order to understand the physiological characteristics of the major components in the adventitious roots of P. ginseng. Whole proteins extracted from the cultured adventitious roots of P. ginseng were separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE). Among the 1000 spots which were detected by silver staining, 113 spots were labeled and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Our results showed that 40 proteins were identified among the 113 spots, with a hit ratio of 35.3%. A number of proteins identified on the 2-DE gels (30%; 16 spots) were involved in energy metabolism. These proteomic data will be helpful to better understand the physiological and pharmacological effects of P. ginseng.

본 연구의 목적은 빙해역을 운항하는 선박의 쇄빙시 깨진 해빙에 의해 선수부 좌현 외판에 작용하는 국부 빙하중을 계측한 신호의 특성을 조사하는 것이다. 한국 최초의 쇄빙연구선인 아라온호를 이용하여 2010년 8월초 북극해에서 실선 시험을 수행하여 선수부에 설치된 변형률 게이지로부터 국부적인 빙하중에 의한 신호를 계측하였다. 국부적인 빙하중에 의한 구조 응답 특성을 반영한 계측 신호는 전형적인 유체 충격압에 대한 하중-시간 이력과 다소 다른 특성을 갖는 것도 있음이 파악되었다. 본 연구에서는 계측 신호에 대한 시간 이력을 분석하고, 무차원화된 특성값들로 나타내었다.