본 시험은 청보리, 밀, 호밀, 트리티케일, 귀리 등 총체맥류 5종의 주요품종에 대하여 파종시기에 따른 수량 및 사료가치를 비교하고자 2008/2009년에 충남농업기술원(예산) 밭 사료포에서 수행되었다. 파종기는 10월 4일부터 11월 8일까지 7일 간격으로 6회 파종하였고, 시험구 배치는 분할구 배치 3반복이었다. 파종기 이동에 따라 이삭수의 변화는 호밀, 귀리 등이 높았고, 다음은 청보리, 밀 등이었으며, 트리티케일이 낮았다. 월동후 최고 경수에 도달하는 시기는 파종시기가 늦어질수록 늦어졌는데 10월 25일 파종은 3월 중하순, 11월 8일 파종은 4월 상중순에 도달하였다. 월동후 조사기기별 경수의 변화는 파종시기에 관계없이 청보리, 밀, 호밀, 트리티케일은 비슷한 양상으로 변화하였으나 삼한귀리는 다른 총체맥류와 달리 최고분얼기가 4월 중순으로 영양보리에 비하여 약 25일 늦게 도달하였다. 생체수량은 신영트리티케일에서 파종기 이동에 따른 편차가 적었고, 다음은 영양보리와 금강밀이었으며 곡우호밀이 가장 높았다. 건물수량은 영양보리가 파종기 이동에 따른 편차가 가장 적었고, 다음은 금강밀, 신영트리티케일 순이었으며 곡우호밀이 가장 높았다. ADF 함량, NDF함량 및 가소화건물함량은 영양보리와 곡우호밀이 파종기 이동에 따른 변차가 다른 총체맥류에 비하여 적었고, 금강밀과 신영트리티케일에서 높았다. 상대적 사료가치는 영양보리와 금강밀이 높았고 다음은 삼한 귀리와 신영트리티케일이었으며 곡우호밀이 가장 낮앗다. 파종기 이동에 따른 상대적 사료가치의 변화는 영양보리, 곡우호밀, 삼한귀리가 적었고, 다음은 신영트리티케일이었으며, 금강밀이 가장 높았다.

최근 지구온난화와 고유가에 대비하여 신간척지 및 동계 휴경 간척지에 맞는 바이오디젤용 유채품종 개발연 구가 확대되고 있다. 본 연구는 온실 내에서 선망 등 유채 10품종에 대해 지하수(대조구) 및 해수 염 농도별 처리{0.25(해수 EC 4dS/m), 0.5(해수 EC 8dS/m), 1%(해수 EC 16dS/m)}를 통해 염에 대한 유채의 생리반응과 품종간 내염성 차이를 조사하고자 수행 되었다. 농도별 해수 처리에 따른 유채 수장과 근장은 염 농도 증가에 반비례하였고, 염 농도 0.5%이상 처리구에서 급격히 감소하였다. 종실수량도 염 농도가 높아짐에 따라 급격히 감소하였으며, 염 농도 0.5%에서 종실수량이 비교적 높았던 품종은 ‘선망’, ‘탐미유채’ 및 ‘탐라유채’로 나타난 반면, ‘내한유채’, ‘영산유채’, ‘한라유채’, ‘목포59호’ 및 ‘목포64호’는 염농도 0.5%에서 종실 수량이 급속히 감소하여 전반적으로 품종간 내염성 차이를 보였다. 해수 처리에 따른 유채의 생육억제 원인을 분석하기 위해서 해수와 해수 처리된 유채의 무기성분을 조사한 결과, 해수에는 Cl, Na, Mg, Ca 및 K가 지하수보다 더 많이 녹아있었고, 유채에서는 Na와 Cl이 급격한 증가를, K는 급격한 감소를 보였다. 식물체 내에서 이러한 무기성분의 함량변화가 생육억제현상과 관계가 있는 것으로 추정된다. 한편, 종자 내의 지방산 조성을 분석한 결과 ‘선망’, ‘탐라유채’, 및 ‘내한유채’는 염 농도 0.25 와 0.5% 처리 시 대조구와 비교해 볼 때 올레인산 함량이 증가하였으나, 1% 처리 시에는 감소하였다.

We investigated the toxic effects of carbaryl on early embryo development in the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. To test the toxic effects, frog embryo teratogenesis assays using Xenopus were performed. Embryos were exposed to various concentrations of carbaryl (5∼320 μM). LC100 for carbaryl was 320 μM, and the LC50 determined by probit analysis was the concentration of 235.68 μM. Exposure to 160 μM of carbaryl resulted in 10 different types of severe external malformations. Histological examination revealed dysplasia of the eyes, heart, guts, somatic muscle, dorsal, liver, blood vessel and swelling of the pronephric ducts. Malformation of neural tissue and brain was not severe even in the high dose of carbaryl. Benzidine blood stain showed distinct inhibition of inducing erythrocytes in embryos and animal cap explants. Electron micrographs of embryo revealed retinal detachment, loose photoreceptor lamella and the degeneration of sarcomeres in the carbaryl-treated group. The mitochondrial degeneration was also observed in the test group.

The urban microscale wind field around the air quality monitoring station was investigated in order to check how a building complex influences it. For this study as the high density areas Jwa-dong and Yeonsan-dong monitoring sites in Busan were chosen. As the direction of inflow which is perpendicular to the building of the monitoring station was expected to cause the considerable variation of the wind field, that direction was selected. The model Envi-met was used as the diagnostic numerical model for this study. It is suitable for this investigation because Envi-met has the microscale resolution. After simulating it, on the leeward side around a building complex the decrease of flow velocity and some of vortexes or circulation area were discovered. In addition, on the edge of the top at the building and at the back of the building the upward flow was developed. If the sampling hole of monitoring site were located in this upward flow, it would be under the influence of upward flow from the near street.

We classified wind sectors according to the wind features in South Korea. In order to get the information of wind speed and wind direction, we used and improved on the atmospheric numerical model. We made use of detailed topographical data such as terrain height data of an interval of 3 seconds and landuse data produced at ministry of environment, Republic of Korea. The result of simulated wind field was improved. We carried out the cluster analysis to classify the wind sectors using the K-means clustering. South Korea was classified as 8 wind sectors to the annual wind field.

In an effort to examine the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS ver. 4.3) to the initial meteorological input data, detailed observational data of NOAA satellite SST (Sea Surface Temperature) was employed. The NOAA satellite SST which is currently provided daily as a seven-day mean value with resolution of 0.1 o grid spacing was used instead of the climatologically derived monthly mean SST using in RAMS. In addition, the RAMS SST data must be changed new one because it was constructed in 1993. For more realistic initial meteorological fields, the NOAA satellite SST was incorporated into the RAMS-preprocess package named ISentropic ANalysis package (ISAN). When the NOAA SST data was imposed to the initial condition of prognostic RAMS model, the resultant performance of near surface atmospheric fields was discussed and compared with that of default option of SST. We got the good results that the new SST data was made in a standard RAMS format and showed the detailed variation of SST. As the modeling grid became smaller, the SST differences of the NOAA SST run and the RAMS SST43 (default) run in diurnal variation were very minor but this research can apply to further study for the realistic SST situation and the development in predicting regional atmospheric field which imply the regional circulation due to differential surface heating between sea and land or climatological phenomenon.

생물자원의 유전적 다양성을 유지하기 위해서는 보유하고 있는 유전자원의 분석을 근거로 한 다양성확보가 필수적이다. 본 연구는 ICARDA에서 분양받은, 시리아등 87개 지역에서 수집한 야생보리(Horedeum spontaneum) 394점을 재료로 농업적형질 및 표현형을 조사하여 구분정리함으로서 정제된 유전자원의 보존과 이용효율성을 높이고자 연구를 실시하였다.질적형질은 총성을 포함한27개의 형질을 조사하였고, 양적형질은 간장을 포함한 12개의 형질을 조사하였다. 과성 및 찰성을 지닌 자원은 없었으나 탈립성이 강한 7점의 자원을 선발할 수 있었다.추후 철분등 종실의 영양성분 분석 및SSR마커를 이용한 유용관계의 분석이 이루어질 예정이며, 이들 결과는 야생보리를 이용한 기능성 보리 품종 육성에 이용될 것이다.

“Dami”is a new japonica rice variety developed and registered by the rice breeding “Jeokjoong”, a white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety was developed from the cross “Keumkang”/ “Tapdong”. “Jeokjoong” is an awned, semi-dwarf and soft white winter wheat, similar to “Keumkang” (check variety). The heading and maturing date of “Jeokjoong” were similar to “Keumkang”. Culm and spike length of “Jeokjoong” were 78 cm and 7.5 cm, similar to “Keumkang”. “Jeokjoong” had lower test weight (800 g) and lower 1,000-grain weight (40.1 g) than “Keumkang” (811 g and 44.0 g, respectively). It had resistance to winter hardiness, wet-soil tolerance and lodging tolerance. “Jeokjoong” showed moderate to scab in test of specific character although “Keumkang” is susceptible to scab. “Jeokjoong” had lower flour yield (69.2%) and ash content (0.36%) than “Keumkang” (72.0% and 0.41%, respectively) and similar flour color to “Keumkang”. It showed lower protein content (8.9%) and SDS-sedimentation volume (36.8 ml) and shorter mixograph mixing time (3.5 min) than “Keumkang” (11.0%, 59.7 ml and 4.5 min, respectively). Amylose content and pasting properties of “Jeokjoong” were similar to “Keumkang”. “Jeokjoong” had softer and more elastic texture of cooked noodles than “Keumkang”. Average yield of “Jeokjoong” in the regional adaptation yield trial was 6.19 MT ha-1 in upland and 5.33 MT/ha in paddy field, which was 19% and 16% higher than those of “Keumkang” (5.21 MT/ha and 4.58 MT/ha, respectively). “Jeokjoong” would be suitable for the area above the daily minimum temperature of -10℃ in January in Korean peninsula.team of Honam Agricultural Research Institute, NICS, RDA in 2006. This variety was derived from a cross between Iksan438 with lodging tolerance and high yield potential, and Iksan426 This variety has about 122 days of growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in Honam and Youngnam plain of Korea. It is about 83 cm in culm length and tolerance to lodging. In reaction to biotic stresses, it shows moderately resistance to blast, and resistance to bacterial blight pathogen races from K1 to K3, but susceptible to other major diseases and insect pests. The milled rice of “ami”has high Quality, midium short grain. The milled rice yield of this variety is about 5.92 MT/ha in local adaptability test for three years. “ami”would be adaptable to Middle plain, Honam plain and Youngnam plain area of Korea.

To understand the development mechanism of the aerosols in the surface boundary layer, the variation in the aerosol number concentration due to the divergence and convergence of the wind fields was investigated. The aerosol number concentration was measured in the size ranges of 0.3∼10.0 ㎛ using a laser particle counter(LPC) from 0000 LST on 03 Feb. to 0600 LST on 07 Feb. 2004 at Mokpo in Korea during snowfall. The Velocity Azimuth Display(VAD) technique was used to retrieve the radar wind fields such as the horizontal wind field, divergence, and deformations including the vertical air velocity from a single Doppler radar. As a result, the distribution of the aerosol number concentration is apparently different for particles larger than 1 ㎛ during snowfall, and it has a tendency to increase at the beginning of the snowfall. The increase and decrease in the aerosol concentration due to the convergence and divergence of the wind fields corresponded to the particles with diameters greater than 1 ㎛. It is found that the fluctuations in the aerosol number concentration are well correlated with the development and dissipation of snowfall radar echoes due to the convergence and divergence of horizontal wind fields near the surface boundary layer in the inland during the snowfall.

“aegjoong” a white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar was developed by the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA. It was derived from the cross “eumkang”“lgeuru”during 1996. “aegjoong”was evaluated as “ksan307”in Advanced Yield Trial Test in 2004. It was tested in the regional yield trial test between 2005 and 2007. “aegjoong”is an awned, semi-dwarf and soft white winter wheat, similar to “eumkang”(check cultivar). The heading and maturing date of “aegjoong” were similar to “eumkang” Culm and spike length of “aegjoong”were 77 cm and 7.5 cm, similar to “eumkang” “aegjoong”had lower test weight (802 g) and lower 1,000-grain weight (39.8 g) than “eumkang”(811 g and 44.0 g, respectively). It had resistance to winter hardiness, wet-soil tolerance and lodging tolerance. “aegjoong”showed moderate to pre-harvest sprouting (23.9%) although “eumkang”is susceptible to pre-harvest sprouting (38.9%). “aegjoong”had similar flour yield (72.4%) and ash content (0.41%) to “eumkang”(72.0% and 0.41%, respectively) and similar flour color to “eumkang” It showed lower protein content (8.8%) and SDS-sedimentation volume (35.3 ml) and shorter mixograph mixing time (3.8 min) than “eumkang”(11.0%, 59.7 ml and 4.5 min, respectively). Amylose content and pasting properties of “aegjoong”were similar to “eumkang” “aegjoong”had softer and more elastic texture of cooked noodles than “eumkang” Average yield of “aegjoong”in the regional adaptation yield trial was 5.88 MT ha-1 in upland and 5.35 MT ha-1 in paddy field, which was 13% and 17% higher than those of “eumkang”(5.21 MT ha-1 and 4.58 MT ha-1, respectively). “aegjoong” would be suitable for the area above the daily minimum temperature of -10℃ in January in Korean peninsula.

To investigate the effect of NOx and VOCs(volatile organic compounds) on the generation of high ozone episode, examined the hourly variations of ozone, NOx and VOCs concentrations, and calculated the ozone isopleth about maximum ozone concentrations using OZIPR which was presented by U. S. EPA at three sites in Busan. There was some difference by the sites, but decreasing VOCs concentration was effective for reduction of ozone at 22 July, the episode day of 2005. In the year 2006, the episode day was 8 August and the variations of NOx and VOCs concentration was little than variation of ozone. So it was estimated that the photochemical production of ozone was low than transportation of ozone. And the result of the OZIPR modeling was that decreasing VOCs concentration was effective for reduction of ozone.

The objective of this work is the air quality modeling according to the scenarios of emission on complex terrain. The prognostic meteorological fields and air quality field over complex areas of Seoul, Korea are generated by the PSU/NCAR mesoscale model (MM5) and the Third Generation Community Multi-scale Air Quality Modeling System (Models - 3/CMAQ), respectively. The emission source was driven from the Clean Air Policy Support System of the Korea National institute of Environmental Research (CAPSS), which is a 1 km x 1 km grid in South Korea during 2003. In comparison of air quality fields, the simulated averaged PM10, NO2, and O3 concentration on complex terrain in control case were decreased as compared with base case. Particularly PM10 revealed most substantial localized differences by (18 ～ 24 μg/m3). The reduction rate of PM10, NO2, and O3 is respectively 18.88, 13.34 and 4.17%.

We have investigated coarse wind sectors in Busan metropolitan area and simulated detailed wind field using local atmospheric circulation model, RAMS in preceding studies (Part I, Part II). In this study, we divided and analyzed local wind sector in Busan according to the preceding results. We found that Busan metropolitan area is divided into 2 or 3 local wind sector in each coarse wind sector. The 9 coarse wind sectors were classified into 20 local wind sectors in total. But three local wind sectors were finally excluded because of these sectors were located on the complex hill area and the sea. Local wind sectors, therefore, in Busan metropolitan area were defined as 17 regimes. We assessed the location of air quality monitoring sites at Busan metropolitan area using the information of these wind sectors. Most of these were located at proper points, but 6 sites were placed at 3 local wind sectors as a couple and no site was set up at 3 other sectors. Hence the location of these sites was in need of rearrange.

We have analysed the observed surface and vertical meteorological data to get atmospheric information over the Busan metropolitan area. For this, we have selected 10 days in all season such as spring, summer I(Jangma season), summer II(hot season), autumn and winter. The result which have performed cluster analysis using atmospheric data represented that these days are included to most frequently appeared synoptic cluster. We have simulated wind field around Busan metropolitan area which is assigned as 1km2 using RAMS. The calculated air temperature and the wind speed was similar to the observed the that, and the trends of daily variation showed good agreement. RMSE and IOA also showed reliable value. These results indicated the RAMS is able to simulate and predict detailed atmospheric phenomenon.