Usually, we have many difficulties in funding because of the prejudice that the bridge inspection facilities are not a critical part in bridges. Also, high initial cost resulted in the decrease trend in installing the bridge inspection facilities. But, in this research, we reached to the conclusion that installing fixed bridge inspection facilities are most economical and more effective in required time, input man-power and equipments than any other means to approach bridges by analysis considering LCC(Life Cycle Cost).

This study was conducted to examine the effect of LED light quality and supplemental LED light on growth and flowering for potted flowering plant of Kalanchoe. 1. Plant height of Kalanchoe was enhanced under Red, regardless of treatment time. 2. Root length and stem diameter of Kalanchoe were enhanced by Red+Blue. 3. The number of internodes was not influenced by LED light quality. Length of flower stalk of Kalanchoe increased under Red+Blue, but treatment time did not result in statistically significant differences. 4. Leaf area was not influenced by LED light quality in Kalanchoe. 5. The number of flower buds and open flowers was decreased by LED light treatment, but days to flowering was reduced by Red+Blue for 4 hr after sunset in Kalanchoe. 6. Chlorophyll and anthocyanin content was not significantly affected by LED light treatment, but anthocyanin content tended to increase by Blue 4 hr after sunset. 7. Fresh and dry weight did not increased by LED light treatment in Kalanchoe.

Growth and physiological disorders caused by abnormally low temperatures were evaluated in pepper, an important field crop in Korea. In addition, the effects of chemical treatment using glutamine was verified on minimizing the damages by low temperature. The growth of pepper plants in stem length and diameter was suppressed as the temperature decreased from 25℃, and the suppression level was the highest for plants grown for 90 days at 20℃. However, root growth was not affected by the different temperatures. The number of leaf and leaf area decreased at the temperatures below 25C, an optimum temperature for growth. Fresh weight and dry weight decreased for plants grown at 20℃. Pepper fruit yield also decreased by 11% at 20℃ in comparison to 25℃. Falling blossom rate was different depending on the growth temperature, and the rate was 27.2% at 25℃, 35.2% at 22.5℃, and 41.0% at 20℃, indicating that falling blossom rate increased as temperature decreased. Different growth temperatures did not affected on the level of symptom of calcium deficiency and Phytopathora blight. Falling blossom was severe at abnormally low temperature of 20℃, but the treatment of glutamine reduced falling blossom rate and increased the yield by 7.0% as compared to control. The optimum concentration of glutamine treatment was 10 mg/L for yields.

Tetragonia tetragonides is a medicinal plant native to ocean sand soil of southern provinces and has significant effects on the prevention and curing of gastroenteric disorders. Despite of its popularity, supply of the plant has never met the level of demand because of the absence of an adequate culturing method. The present study, thereby, was conducted for classifying the plants with geographically different characteristics, studying growth habits, developing a new culturing method and establishing a large scale propagation system of selected superior individual plants. The study was also aimed for revealing optimum conditions for seed treatment, fertilization, and efficient culturing system and thereby, for utilizing the plant as a new income source for rural communities. The seed was elongated with size of 2.6 mm (width) × 1.8 mm (length). No difference in seed size was observed depending on different inhabitate. Each flower produced about 4.5~4.8 seeds. Germination rate was high for seeds matured for 40 days after fertilization, but deceased to 50% for seeds matured only for 20 or 30 days. Seed dormancy lasted 6 months and seed storage at humid 5℃ facilitated germination. Mechanical obstruct of seed germination was due to seed coat and removal of seed coat enhanced the germination rate. Optimum temp. for seed storage was 5℃, and high germination rate was maintained for 350 days. However, for stratification condition or at room temperature, germination was significantly reduced as storage time increased Optimum treatment of plant growth regulators was soaking in GA3 250 mg/L for 1 hr. The priming treatment with 50 mM Ca(NO3)2 at 20℃ for two days improved the seed germination with 10% compared to non-treated control. The treatment of 20% NaOCl for 3 hr. improved the seed germination rate up to 10% and 1 day ahead.

국산밀을 재배하는 전국 175농가를 대상으로 2년 동안 재배 현황에 대한 자료를 수집· 분석한 결과, 평균 재배 경력과 재배면적은 7.7년과 2.4～3.3 ha였으며, 재배 품종은 금강밀이 주로 재배되었고 조경밀과 백중밀이 남부지역에서 재배 면적이 늘어나고 있다. 파종은 대부분 농가에서 10월 하순에서 11월 상순에 휴립광산파로 이루어지고 있으며, 시비는 2종 복합비료를 이용하여 평균 29.7 kg/10a이상 기비로 시용하였으며, 추비는 2월 하순～3월 상순에 질소비료를 1회 시용하는 농가가 주를 이루었는데, 농가 현장에서 표준시비량에 비해 과량의 비료가 시용되고 있기 때문에 적정 시비에 대한 관리가 필요하다. 재배 밀의 출수는 기상 영향으로 2011년은 5월 상순, 2012년은 4월 하순에 이루어졌으며, 밀 수확은 대부분 농가에서 6월 중순에 이루진 것으로 나타났다. 재배 면적 확대와 밀 재배 농가 소득 향상을 위하여, 수발아 및 붉은곰팡이병 저항성 증진과 기상이변에 대응할 수 있는 재해저항성 증진 품종 개발이 이루어져야하며, 국산밀 품질 향상을 위한 보급종 생산 및 확대가 필요하며, 지역별 밀 재배 농가의 규모화에 대한 지원과 재배 관리 체계 확립과 현장 지원 확대가 필요하다.

In Korea, the chemical oxygen demand(CODsed) in freshwater sediments has been measured by the potassium permanganate method used for marine sediment because of the absence of authorized analytical method. However, this method has not been fully verified for the freshwater sediment. Therefore, the use or modification of the potassium permanganate method or the development of the new CODsed analytical method may be necessary. In this study, two modified CODsed analytical methods such as the modified potassium permanganate method for CODMn and the modified closed reflux method using potassium dichromate for CODCr were compared. In the preliminary experiment to estimate the capability of the two oxidants for glucose oxidation, CODMn and CODCr were about 70% and 100% of theoretical oxygen demand(ThOD), respectively, indicating that CODCr was very close to the ThOD. The effective titration ranges in CODMn and CODCr were 3.2 to 7.5 mL and 1.0 to 5.0 mL for glucose, 4.3 to 7.5 mL and 1.4 to 4.3 mL for lake sediment, and 2.5 to 5.8 mL and 3.6 to 4.5 mL for river sediment, respectively, within 10% errors. For estimating CODsed recovery(%) in glucose-spiked sediment after aging for 1 day, the mass balances of the CODMn and CODCr among glucose, sediments and glucose-spiked sediments were compared. The recoveries of CODMn and CODCr were 78% and 78% in glucose-spiked river sediments, 91% and 86% in glucose-spiked lake sediments, 97% and 104% in glucose-spiked sand, and 134% and 107% in glucose-spiked clay, respectively. In conclusion, both methods have high confidence levels in terms of analytical methodology but show significant different CODsed concentrations due to difference in the oxidation powers of the oxidants.

집중호우 등의 빈번한 증가로 인해 수방시설 관리의 중요성이 증대되고 있다. 수방시설 관리를 위해서는 구조물에 대한 정보와 구조물이 위치한 지역의 표고, 경사, 토양분포현황, 수계현황 등의 분석 자료를 구축하여야만 한다. 이러한 구축된 정보를 바탕으로 침수 모의를 통해 재난상황 발생 시 수방시설물의 대피 경로의 확보가 필요하다. 이를 위해서는 수방시설물에 저류되는 수자원에 대한 계측데이터를 기반으로 BIM(Building Information Modeling, BIM)과 연계하여 신속한 의사결정이 수반되어야 하며 극한홍수 등의 재해로부터 대피할 수 있는 통로를 설정하여야 한다.본 연구에서는 BIM기술과 연계되는 재해 상황 별 시나리오인 확률강우량의 범위를 지점빈도해석과 지역빈도해석을 통해 극한 홍수가 일어나는 범위를 산정하여 제시하고자 한다. 일반적으로 빈도해석에 의한 확률강우량 추정 방법은 지점빈도해석과 지역빈도해석에 의한 방법으로 확률강우량을 추정한다. 지역빈도해석에 의한 확률강우량 추정은 지점빈도해석을 보완한 방법으로 강우 자료의 기록년이 짧아 지점빈도해석에 의한 불확실성이 커졌을 경우 다수의 강우 관측소로부터 수문학적 동질성이 확보하여 적용한다. 본 연구의 대상 유역은 BIM기술에 활용되는 극한 홍수에 대한 침수 피해가 분석 가능한 의정부시의 홍복저수지와 백석천 및 중랑천 유역을 선정하였고, 재난상황별 극한 홍수의 시나리오를 제시할 수 있는 지속기간별 확률강우량을 추정하였다. 대상 유역의 침수 분석은 1차원 홍수침수모형인 “HEC-RAS” 를 이용하여 하천구간별 경계조건에 대한 유량 및 수위값을 산정하였고, 2차 홍수침수모형은 “HYDRO AS_2D”를 이용하였으며 효과적인 침수 모의를 위해 두 모형을 연동하여 모의하였다. 침수모의를 위한 재해 상황에 따른 시나리오별 강우자료는 기상청 산하의 서울 지점의 강우 관측소를 선정하였으며, BIM기술에 활용할 수 있도록 극한 홍수에 대하여 침수범위를 제시하고자 지속기간별 확률강우량을 지역빈도해석과 지점빈도해석에 대하여 적절한 재해 상황별 시나리오를 제시하고자 한다.