This study investigated the chemical composition of headspace gas from white-flowered lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner). Volatile flavor compositions of headspace from white-flowered lotus (floral leaf, stamen, flower stalk, stem) were investigated through the solid-phase microextraction method using polydimethylsiloxane-divinylbenzene fiber. The headspace was directly transferred to a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sixty-three volatile flavor constituents were detected in the headspace of lotus floral leaves, and undecanoic acid (7.81%) was the most abundant component. Fifty-three volatile flavor constituents were detected in the headspace of lotus stamina, and isobutylidene phthalide (7.94%) was the most abundant component. Forty-four volatile flavor constituents were detected in the headspace of lotus flower stalks, and 3-butyl dihydrophthalide (11.23%) was the most abundant component. Fifty-nine volatile flavor constituents were detected in the headspace of lotus stems, and ligustilide (16.15%) was the most abundant component. The content of phthalides was higher in the headspace of flower stalks and stems, while alcohols and acids were the predominant compounds in lotus floral leaves.

This study investigated the chemical composition of Petasites japonicus (S. et Z.) Maxim essential oil. During the period 2011~2013, P. japonicus (S. et Z.) Maxim plant was investigated for composition of the essential oil. Chemical composition and characteristic compounds of the essential oils from the aerial parts of the plant according to the crop year studied. The essential oils consisted of sesquiterpene compounds, which were the most abundant components. Samples collected in 2011 were found to be richer in oxygenated sesquiterpenes, while samples collected in 2012 and 2013 were richer in diterpene alcohols and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, respectively. Ninety-two compounds were identified in the P. japonicus (S. et Z.) Maxim essential oil of 2011, and caryophyllene oxide (20.49%), β-caryophyllene (10.28%), β-bisabolene (6.80%), and alloaromadendrene (6.50%) were the major compounds. Seventy-four compounds were identified in the plant essential oil of 2012, and phytol (17.22%), α-farnesene (15.31%), α-caryophyllene (9.93%), and β-caryophyllene (6.12%) were the major compounds. Ninety-two compounds were identified in the plant essential oil of 2013, and α-farnesene (22.42%), α- caryophyllene (21.49%), pentadecane (15.35%), and germacrene (5.70%) were the major compounds. The content of most of the chemical constituents varied significantly with different harvesting time. The content of α-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide was increased significantly from 2011 to 2013. The content of α-caryophyllene and isocaryophyllene was decreased significantly from 2011 to 2013.

This study investigated the chemical composition of Cirsium japonicum var. ussurience Kitamura essential oil and the quantitative changes of major volatile flavor compounds according to the harvesting season. The essential oils obtained by the method of hydrodistillation extraction from aerial parts of C. japonicum var. ussurience Kitamura were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Sixty-four volatile flavor compounds were identified in the essential oil from C. japonicum var. ussurience Kitamura harvested in May 2012; hexadecanoic acid (49.31%) was the most abundant compound, followed by 6,10,14- trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (13.72%), phytol (13.40%) and 9-hexadecenoic acid (4.16%). Eighty-three compounds were identified in the essential oil from the plant harvested in October 2012; phytol (40.56%), hexadecanoic acid (17.69%), 6,10,14- trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (13.71%), and caryophyllene oxide (4.15%) were the most abundant compounds. Types and levels of volatile compounds from different harvesting seasons varied. The essential oil composition of C. japonicum var. ussurience Kitamura harvested in the spring and autumn was characterized by higher contents of aliphatic fatty acid, diterpene and sesquiterpene, respectively.

This study investigated the chemical composition of Solidago virga-aurea var. asiatica Nakai essential oils collected using different extraction methods. The essential oils obtained by simultaneous steam distillation extraction (SDE) and hydrodistillation extraction (HDE) methods from the aerial parts of Solidago virga-aurea var. asiatica Nakai were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Ninety-nine volatile flavor compounds were identified in the essential oil produced from Solidago virga-aurea var. asiatica Nakai using the SDE method. These compounds were classified into eight categories in terms of chemical functionality: 26 hydrocarbons, 8 aldehydes, 36 alcohols, 7 ketones, 12 esters, 5 oxides and epixides, 4 acids, and a miscellaneous one. Spathulenol (15.66%) was the most abundant compound. Ninety-eight compounds including of 35 hydrocarbons, 6 aldehydes, 29 alcohols, 6 ketones, 10 esters, 4 oxides and epixides, 7 acids, and a miscellaneous one were identified in the essential oil from the plant using the HDE method. Hexadecanoic acid (24.74%) was the most abundant compound. The chemical composition of Solidago virga-aurea var. asiatica Nakai essential oils extracted by SDE and HDE methods are characterized by high content of sesquiterpene alcohols and acids, respectively. The extraction methods may be influenced in the chemical composition of natural plant essential oils.

본 연구는 다문화교육을 인문학에 기반하여 배움이라는 주제를 중심으로 새롭게 정립함을 그 목적으로 한다. 21세기 포스트모던의 지식기반사회에서 다문화교육은 한국교육의 성패를 좌우할 수 있는 중요한 열쇠이다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 현재까지 이루어진 다문화교육은 미래지향적이지 못하다. 이를 위하여 인문학과 그에 기반한 배움의 의미와 가치가 도움을 준다. 배우는 것은 인간의 본능이다. 그러기에 배운다는 것은 개인의 삶과 공동체를 개조하는 힘이다. 인간의 배움이 제대로 실현되기 위해서는 인간자본과 사회자본, 그리고 교육자본이 상호관여적으로 연계된 교육자본화의 노력이 필요하다. 다문화교육을 교육자본화 하기 위해서는 이 나라에 머물고 있는 다문화인들을 이 사회의 중요한 인력자원으로 간주하는 관점부터 필요하다. 그래서 그들을 위한 공간, 관계 활동의 교육자본화가 필요하다. 이러한 노력은 이 사회의 발전을 약속하는 기대의 힘으로 작용한다.

This study investigated the chemical composition of Artemisia princeps var. orientalis (Pampan) Hara (ssuk in Korea) essential oil and the quantitative changes of major terpene compounds according to the time of harvest. The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation extraction from the aerial parts of ssuk were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The essential oil composition of ssuk was characterized by higher contents of mono- and sesqui- terpene compounds. Ninety-nine volatile flavor compounds were identified in the essential oil from ssuk harvested in 2010, with camphor (11.9%), β-caryophyllene (9.11%), dehydrocarveol (8.51%), and borneol (7.72%) being the most abundant compounds. Eighty-three compounds were identified in the essential oil from the plant harvested in 2011, with borneol (12.36%), caryophyllene oxide (12.29%), β -caryophyllene (10.24%), camphor (9.13%), and thujone (8.4%) being the most abundant compounds. Eighty-four compounds were identified in the essential oil from the plant harvested in 2012, with β-caryophyllene (20.25%), caryophyllene oxide (14.63%), and thujone (11.55%) being the major compounds. Eighty-nine compounds were identified in the essential oil from the plant harvested in 2013, with thujone (23.11%), alloaromadendrene oxide (12.3%), and β-caryophyllene (11.48%) being the most abundant compounds. Thujone and aromadendrene oxide contents increased significantly from 2010 to 2013, while camphor and dehydrocarveol contents decreased significantly during those 4 years. The quantitative changes in these 4 compounds according to the time of harvest can served as a quality index for ssuk essential oil. The ecological responses to recent climate changes may be reflected in the chemical components of natural plant essential oils.

벼메뚜기(Oxya chinensis sinuosa) 실내 대량사육 시 포획에 과다한 노동력이 소요되어 이를 해결하고자 4실배양기(Multi-room incubator HB-103-4)를 이용하여 각 실의 온도를 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15℃로 고정하고 암컷과 수컷 성충을 구분하여 345×195×235mm 사육상자에 각각 20마리씩 투입한 후 3회에 걸쳐 저온 경과시간별 움직임 정도를 비교하였다. 시험결과, 움직임이 약한 개체 비율이 95%에 달하는 시기는 7.5℃처리에서 수컷 2시간 암컷 3시간, 10℃처리에서 수컷 3시간 암컷 4시간이었으며, 12.5℃와 15℃처리에서는 7시간이 경과하여도 도달하지 못하였다. 동일한 온도처리에서 암컷에 비하여 수컷의 저온저항력이 약한 경향이었고, 15℃처리에서는 7시간 경과 후 저온적응 개체수가 늘기 시작하였으며, 각 처리에서 폐사한 개체는 없었다.

각종 비위생적인 환경에서 서식하는 바퀴류는 박테리아 등 미생물에 대항할 수 있는 유용물질을 함유하고 있음을 시사하고 있으나 이를 이용한 산업화 관련 국내 연구는 거의 전무하다. 따라서 바퀴류로부터 기능성 소재 개발에 기초를 마련하고자 바퀴류의 화학적 특성 및 추출물의 DPPH radical 소거 활성을 측정하였다. 바퀴류의 일반성분분석 결과 조단백은 이질바퀴가 33.49%로 가장 높았고, 조지방은 먹바퀴가 9.28%로 가장 높았다. 독일바퀴와 먹바퀴의 지방산 조성은 팔미트산, 올레산 및 리놀레산 3종류가 가장 많이 검출되었고 이중 불포화지방산인 올레산과 리놀레산의 함량이 각각 독일바퀴는 28.35, 18.72, 먹바퀴는 28.91, 23.02였으며 이질바퀴는 43.52, 34.62%였다. 바퀴류의 필수아미노산 조성은 이질바퀴 3.83, 독일바퀴 6.43, 먹바퀴 7.33% 이었다. 바퀴류 추출물의 DPPH radical 소거활성은 먹바퀴동결건조 분말의 Methanol 추출원액이 90.61%로 가장 높았다.