In this study, a relatively effective process is used to sterilize Escherichia coli on the surface of micro-sized calcium citrate powder using nitrogen and argon as process gases in a low-temperature vacuum plasma treatment. The purpose of this study is to confirm and to introduce the effectiveness of homogeneous surface treatment for the sterilization of fine inorganic powder by the rotatable low-temperature RF plasma system designed by ourselves. The results of the test using 3M petrifilm showed that there were no remarkable spots in the case of the surface of plasma treated powder, whereas the untreated powder showed many blue spots, which indicating that the E. coli was alive. After 5 days, in the same samples, the blue spots were seen to be larger and darker than before, while the plasma-treated powder showed no changes. The results from FE-SEM analysis showed that the E. coli was damaged and/or destroyed by reactive species generated in the plasma space, resulting in the E. coli being sterilized. Furthermore, the sterilization effects according to the selected parameters (N2 and Ar; flow rate 30 and 50 sccm) adapted in this study were mutually similar, regardless of such different process parameters, and this indicates that homogeneous treatment of powder surfaces could be more effective than conventional methods. Therefore, the plasma apparatus used in this study may be a practical method to use in a powerful sterilization process in powder-type food.

ZIFs (Zeolitic imdazolate frameworks)은 높은 화학적⋅열적 안정성, 높은 비표면적과 조절 가능한 기공구조로 최근 분리막 소재로 큰 관심을 받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 두 가지 종류의 다공성 지지체(α-alumina 및 YSZ)를 사용하여 in situ 성장법으로 ZIF-8 분리막을 합성하고, H2/CO2 기체 투과 특성을 조사하였다. 결함 없는 ZIF-8층을 합성하는데 있어, 기공이 작은 YSZ 지지체는 α-alumina 지지체 보다 더 적은 시간이 요구되었다. 합성시간이 3 h인 경우, α-alumina 및 YSZ 지지체 위에 형성된 ZIF-8 분리막은 약 10 정도의 H2/CO2 선택도를 보였다.

목 적：MRI Upper Extremity(elbow, forearm) 촬영 시 피사체가 bore center에서 벗어나는 정도가 클 수 밖에 없다. 일반적으로 bore의 isocenter에서 촬영하는 것이 자기장의 균일도가 높아 영상의 SNR이 높 을 것이다. 본 연구에서는 Upper extremity 촬영 시 isocenter에서 벗어나는 정도에 따라 테이블을 기 준으로 피사체의 수직 위치변화에 따른 MRI영상의 SNR을 비교해 평가하고자한다. 대상 및 방법：원기둥모양의 water phantom을 MRI bore의 가장자리에서 1)테이블에 붙여서, 2) 테이블에서 11cm 올려서, 촬영하였다. 장비는 Siemens사 Verio 3T장비를 이용하였다. Flexible Large Coil을 사 용하여 T2 TSE sequence를 TR = 4560ms, TE = 76ms, slice thickness = 3mm, FOV = 120mm의 파라미터로 두 경우 모두 일치시켜서 촬영하였다. 결과의 공정함을 가하기 위해 prescan은 자동으로 수행하게 하였다. 영상을 평가하는 방법으로 두 영상의 중앙지점, 가장자리지점 12개 지점의 SNR을 측정 하여 정량적 평가를 하였다. 두 영상간의 SNR 차이가 통계적으로 유의미한지 확인하기 위해 Microsoft Excel의 paired t-test를 이용하였고, 이 때 유의성을 판단하는 기준은 p<0.05으로 하였다. 추가적으로 실제 flip angle이 피사체에 어떻게 들어갔는지를 확인하기 위해 double angle method를 이용하여 B1 mapping을 하였다. B1 map을 얻기 위한 촬영방법은 똑같은 위치에서 Flash sequence를 사용하여 TR = 1000 ms, TE = 3ms, flip angle 45도의 파라미터로 촬영하고, 같은 조건에서 flip angle 90도로 영상을 얻었다. 45도로 얻은 영상과 90도로 얻은 영상을 통해 double angle method를 이용하여 B1 map을 구한 후, B1의 균일성을 평가하였다. 결 과：정량적 평가를 통해 영상의 SNR 측정지점 12개 지점에 대한 검정을 한 결과 통계적으로 유의하게 테이 블에서 11cm를 올려서 촬영한 경우에 SNR이 더 높았다 (p<0.05). B1 map 촬영결과는 11cm를 올려서 촬영한 영상이 실제 가해지는 flip angle이 정상적으로 들어가고, 테이블에 붙여서 촬영한 영상은 더 높 은 flip angle이 들어간 것을 알 수 있었다. 이를 통해 T2 TSE를 촬영 시 테이블에 붙여서 촬영한 영상은 excitation및 refocusing RF의 flip angle이 의도대로 들어가지 못해 SNR이 떨어졌을 것임을 추측해볼 수 있다. 결 론：일반적으로 MRI 촬영 시 bore center에서 촬영하지만 Upper Extremity 검사 시 bore의 가장자리로 갈 수 밖에 없다. 3T장비에서 flexible coil을 이용하여 elbow, forearm등의 검사를 할 때 테이블에서 올려 검사 하게 되면 원하는 flip angle이 정상적으로 들어가서 SNR이 높은 영상을 얻을 수 있을 것 이라고 사료된다. 만약, 피사체를 올리기 어려운 경우라면 transmit gain이 제대로 조정이 되었는지 확 인해 볼 필요가 있다.

Polyurethane 중합에 있어서 isocyanate 경화제인 H12MDI와 IPDI의 혼합비율에 따른 물성변화를 조사하여, H12MDI 를 사용한 polyurethane resin은 단단하여 가공성 시험에서 밴딩 시 crack 발생이 심하게 일어났으며 IPDI는 비대칭적인 구조로 인하여 polyurethane resin의 구조가 얽혀 유연성을 가지므로 crack이 발생하지 않은 것으로 보인다. IPDI의 가교 도가 높아 혼합비율이 증가할수록 가공성, 내마모성, 내용제성에서도 향상됨을 알 수 있었다. 반면에, H12MDI의 혼합비 율이 높은 polyurethane resin은 코팅피막이 단단하여 내오염성에서는 우수한 결과를 얻었지만, 오히려 내용제성, 내마모성에서는 취약함을 나타냈으며 적외선 분광 스펙트럼 분석 결과와 실제 점도 경시변화를 관찰한 결과 H12MDI의 혼합비율이 증가할수록 보관 안정성은 높았으며, IPDI의 혼합비율이 높을수록 보관 안정성은 낮았다.

The aim of this paper is to clarify the structural stability of 30m fly(maximum working radius of 30m) and telescopic boom with composition. In order to reduce the weight and insulate, the boom of special vehicle has a 3-stage telescopic boom of DOMEX960, pocket part of acetal, 2-stage refracting boom of ATOS80, insulation boom of glass fiber composition and effector. In this process, CATIA is applied to create 3D modeling, then ANSYS are performed the structural analysis. The structural analysis is performed for a case where the thickness of the insulating boom of the ATOS 80 is 7[㎜] and the thickness of the insulating boom of the FRP material is 15[㎜] and 16[㎜].

본 연구는 Bacillus subtilis를 포함하는 3개의 균주를 지렁이 분변토에 접종하여 제조한 생균제인 분변토 발효사료가 육계의 사양성적 및 닭고기 품질에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 수행하였다. 육계 240마리를 4개의 처리구로 완전임의 배치하였다. 실험 처리구는 대조구, Lactobacillus fermentum으로 제 조된 상업용 생균제 (CP) 0.2%, 분변토 발효사료 0.3% (FECF3), 분변토 발효사료 0.5% (FECF5)로 구분하였다. 평균 체중 증가량, 흉선, 비장, F낭의 무게는 대조구, CP 처리구와 비교할 때 FECF 처리구가 높았다. 혈액 IgG 함량은 대조구, CP 처리구와 비교할 때 FECF 처리구가 증가하였다. 맹장 Lactobacillus는 대조구, CP 처리구와 비교할 때 FECF 처리구가 높았으나 Escherichia, Salmonella, Coliform bacteria 및 total aerobic bacteria는 FECF 처리구가 낮았다. 닭고기의 보수력은 대조구, CP 처리구와 비교할 때 FECF 처리구가 높았다. 닭고기 n-6/n-3 지방산의 비율은 대조구, CP 처리구와 비교할 때 FECF 처리구가 낮게 나타났다.

This article’s aim is to review the jurisprudence which has emerged pursuant to the international dispute settlement provisions and to provide a provisional expectation as to the future of international dispute settlement under“UNCLOS”. Globally, marine fisheries play an important role in ocean biodiversity and the food security of millions of people, providing a vital source of high-quality dietary protein and supporting individuals’livelihoods and income. In the 1982 Convention, the establishment of co-operative mechanisms for effective monitoring, control, surveillance and enforcement, decision-making procedures facilitating the adoption of such measures of conservation and management, and the promotion of the peaceful settlement of disputes are called for. In this study,‘Northeast Asian Sea’means that the Yellow/ East China Sea, the East Sea, the Ohotsk Sea, the Kamchaka Sea, the Alaska Sea, and the Bering Sea surrounded by Korea, China, Japan, Russia, U.S.A. and Canada including their EEZs. There are several bilateral fisheries agreements existing in Northeast Asian area, the Fisheries Agreement between Republic Korea and Japan, between Republic of Korea and China, between China and Japan, between Republic Korea and U.S.A., between Republic Korea and Russia, between Russia and Japan, And there are several regional fisheries organizations existing in Northeast Asian area, for example NPAFC(Convention for the Conservation of Anadromous Stocks in the North Pacific Ocean), CBSPC (Convention on the Central Bering Sea Pollack Conservation), PICES(North Pacific Marine Science Organization), NPFC(North Pacific Fishery Commi-ssion) etc. It analyzed the proliferation of bilateral treaties and multilateral treaties due to the adoption of the EEZ in Northeast Asia reviewed the strengthening of management rights on the high seas marine living resources and marine environment preservation of regional fisheries organizations. In view of the changes in the international fisheries mechanism this paper suggested the future direction of the country in overseas fisheries. We concluded as follows. We shall apply bilateral treaties first, regional fisheries organizations’treaties secondly, and provisions under“UNCLOS”for dispute settlement last.

목적: 정시안과 안경 및 콘택트렌즈 착용 근시안의 조절반응량을 비교하고, 근시안에서는 굴절 이상도와 조절반응량의 상관성을 확인하고자 하였다. 방법: 안질환 및 전신질환이 없고 굴절교정수술을 하지 않은 성인 (19~25세) 중 암실 (scotopic) 조명상태에서 Pupilmeter (VIP™-200, NEUROPTICS, USA)를 이용하여 동공크기를 측정한 뒤, 그 크기가 평균 동공크기 7.5±0.8 mm 이내(6.7 ~ 8.3 mm)의 인원을 선별하여 대상자로 정시안 16명, 근시안 25명 총 41명이 참여하였다. 굴절검사는 포롭터를 이용한 자각식 굴절검사 시행하였다. 근시안의 경우 안경렌즈와 콘택트렌즈로 완전교정한 후 양안개방형 ARK(autorefractokeratometer, NVISION-K 5001, SHIN-NIPPON, JP)를 이용하여 원/근거리(5 m/33 cm)를 주시하게 한 후 조절반응량을 측정하였다. 통계분석은 MedCalc Version 17.9.7 (MedCalc, Belgium)을 이용하였고, 안경렌즈 교정군과 콘택트렌즈 교정군의 조절반응량은 독립표본 t 검정(independent t-test)으로, 굴절이상도에 따른 조절반응량은 Pearson correlation test를 이용하여 상관성검정을 하였다. 모든 통계분석은 p값이 0.05 미만인 경우를 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 해석하였다. 결과: 양안개방형 ARK로 측정한 조절반응량은 근시안이 정시안에 비해서 작았고, 안경렌즈 교정군과 콘택트렌즈 교정군의 조절반응량은 유의한 차이가 없었다(p=0.849). 양안개방형 ARK로 측정한 조절반응량과 근시도는 안경렌즈 착용군(r=0.4726, p=0.0197), 콘택트렌즈 착용군 (r=0.4745, p=0.0191)에서 모두 상관성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 정시안이 근시안에 비해 조절반응량이 높았고, 근시도가 증가할수록 조절반응량은 작았다. 안경렌즈 교정군과 콘택트렌즈 교정군의 조절반응량은 유의한 차이가 없어 이에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

As ZIF materials have their unique properties such as high surface area, tunable pore structure, thermal and chemical stability, they can be used in various applications including gas separation and catalysis. For synthesis of ZIF membranes, fixing sub-micron ZIF seed particles on the support is challenging and important. In this work, ZIF-8 seed layer was synthesized by conversion synthesis of ZnO layer on support in H-mIm solution, followed by the secondary growth synthesis of ZIF-8 membranes. The parameters of conversion seeding had been investigated to control the reaction rate combining the dissolution rate of ZnO and the crystallization rate of ZIF-8. This ZIF-8 membranes showed the better coverage of seeding layer and improved gas separation properties compared with the membranes prepared by traditional dip-coating seeding method.

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign tumor of the salivary glands. About 80-90% of pleomorphic adenoma occurs in the parotid gland and about 5-10% of them occur in the submandibular gland and sublingual gland. The rest proportion comprises the minor salivary glands. The palate is the most common area, followed by the lips and the cheeks. Pleomorphic adenoma of the submandibular gland shows clinically a slow-growing, painless mass found on submandibular aspect. In this case report, we report a case of pleomorphic adenoma of the right submandibular gland in a 63-year old female patient who was referred from the department of neurosurgery, due to the heterogenous mass detected by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

The present study was conducted to determine the optimal supplementation level of beta-mannanase in the diet of laying hens. A total of 320 Hy-Line Brown layers (80 weeks of age) were assigned randomly into four groups on the basis of laying performance. Each treatment had eight replicates with 10 birds each (80 birds per treatment). Two hens were caged individually. Treatments were basal diet supplemented with 0 (control), 0.04, 0.08, and 0.16% beta-mannanase during the nine-week feeding period. Laying hens fed diets supplemented with increasing levels of beta-mannanase had increased (linear, p<0.05) overall egg production and egg mass. In addition, these hens had greater retention of dry matter, crude protein, gross energy, calcium, and mannan (linear, p<0.05). Dietary beta-mannanase treatments had no effect on blood metabolites such as total carbohydrate, triglycerides, glucose, total protein, and blood urea nitrogen, or excreted ammonia nitrogen and volatile fatty acids. The results obtained in present study indicate that dietary supplementation of beta-mannanase has the potential for improving the performance of laying hens. The optimal supplementation level is 0.04% beta-mannanase in the diet.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and gut health of broiler chickens when a dietary supplementation of multienzymes was added to diets, containing different energy levels. A total of 480 broiler chickens of similar body weight (Ross 308, 1-day-old) were randomly subjected to four treatments. The dietary treatments included a corn-soybean meal-based diet supplemented with: multienzyme (amylase+protease+ mannanase+xylanase+phytase), 0.05% enzyme, and different energy levels (3010 and 3060 kcal/kg). The experimental diets were fed to the chicks in a mash form for 35 days in two phases (1–21 d, phase I; and 22–35 d, phase II). During the overall period, chicks fed with diets supplemented with multienzymes had a better weight gain (p<0.05) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) than those fed with diets without enzymes. There was no difference in the growth rate and FCR among the chicks fed with diets supplemented with enzymes, even though the dietary energy levels were different. The apparent fecal and ileal digestibility of dry matter, gross, crude protein, calcium, and phosphorus were significantly enhanced (p<0.05). The population of cecal and ileal Lactobacillus spp. was significantly increased (p<0.05), and Clostridium spp. and coliforms were significantly decreased (p<0.05) in diets supplemented with enzymes. Villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio in the small intestine was also significantly enhanced (p<0.05) in diets supplemented with enzymes. In conclusion, multienzyme supplementation had positive effects on the weight gain of broilers, FCR, digestibility of nutrients, and on the growth of intestinal microbiota.

Warthin tumor, also known as papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum is a benign neoplasm which occurs mostly in the parotid gland. It is the second most common benign neoplasm of the parotid gland, following pleomorphic adenoma. In occasion, the size of neoplasm grows slowly, and there is no symptom, except swelling. To prevent the recurrence, some surgeons prefer superficial parotidectomy, but the others prefer local resection with minimal surrounding tissue due to its low recurrence rate. We present a case of Warthin tumor of 55-year-old male.

The aim of this paper is to clarify the structural stability of Refracted Telescopic Boom in 30m Class with the Property of Working Range Insulation. The boom of insulation special vehicle consists of a 3-stage telescopic boom, 2-stage refracting boom, insulation boom and effector. The catia solid geometry of the boom was used to generate both a basic ADAMS model and the finite element meshes for the flexible components. The flexible bodies were generated by using the finite element program of ANSYS and then imported into the ADAMS model and their flexibility accounted to the dynamic analysis of boom. Embedding finite element representations within the ADAMS model, offers the advantage being able to perform the durability analysis and the resulting damage. Through this approach, the crack locations(hot spots) in a prototype can be predicted successfully, thereby validating the analysis procedure.

본 연구는 차세대 랫드에서 혈액 지질 감소에 관한 식이 내 오메가 6와 3 지방산 비율의 생 화학적 메카니즘을 조사하였다. 실험처리군은 오메가 6:오메가 3비율 0 (대조구), 1:1, 8:1, 19:1로 구 분하였다. 혈액 중성지방, 총콜레스테롤, 저밀도지질단백질(LDL-C), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glucose의 수준은 오메가 6:오메가 3 비율 1:1 그룹에서 가장 낮았다. 혈액 고밀도지질단백질(HDL-C), 인지질의 수준은 오메가 6:오메가 3 비율 1:1 그룹이 가장 높았다. HMG-CoA reductase activity는 전체 저리구 가운데 오메가 6:오메가 3 비율 1:1, 8:1 그룹에서 가장 강하게 억제되었으나 분을 통한 스테롤의 배설량은 촉진되었다. 혈액 오메가 6:오메가 3 비율은 섭취한 식이 내 오메가 6:오메가 3 비율 증가에 따른 농도 의존적으로 감소하였다. 본 연구결과는 부모 세대로 부터 차세대 랫드에 이르기까지 오메가 6:오메가 3 비율이 8:1 이하로 낮아진 식이를 섭취하면 영양소 대사작용 활성화 메카니즘에 의한 혈액 중 유해지질 감소, 간 기능 유지 및 성장을 자극한다는 새로운 사실을 나타낸다.

As ZIF materials have their unique properties such as high surface area, tunable pore structure, thermal and chemical stability, they can be used in various applications including gas separation and catalysis. For synthesis of ZIF membranes, fixing sub-micron ZIF seed particles on the support is challenging and important. In this work, ZIF-8 seed layer was synthesized by conversion synthesis of ZnO layer on support in H-mIm solution, followed by the secondary growth synthesis of ZIF-8 membranes. The parameters of conversion seeding had been investigated to control the reaction rate combining the dissolution rate of ZnO and the crystallization rate of ZIF-8. This ZIF-8 membranes showed the better coverage of seeding layer and gas separation properties compared with the membranes prepared by traditional dip-coating seeding.

Proton-exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis is a promising technology for hydrogen production. Meanwhile, recently, hydrogen water production has attracted great attention owing to the increasing demand in healthcare market. Therefore, hydrogen water production via PEM water electrolysis has also gained much interest. The PEM is the key component dominating the hydrogen production efficiency in the system. Although a Nafion meets the criteria for a number of key physical properties required for the operation in PEM water electrolysis, it is too expensive for commercial applications. In this work, therefore, we have developed the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) prepared with cost-effective pore-filled PEMs via a nonequilibrium impregnation-reduction (I-R) method.