Flaring gas에서 CO2 제거를 위해 폴리술폰 고분자를 이용한 중공사막을 제조하였다. 제조된 중공사막은 1단과 2단 공정의 전산모사와 실제 공정을 통해서 CH4 농도 99% 이상 CO2 농도 1% 미만의 운전조건과 성능을 확인하였다. 또한 25 Nm3/h 급 bench scale CO2 분리막 연속공정에서 100시간의 운전시간 동안 CO2의 농도를 1% 미만으로 안정적으로 운전 하였고 이때의 CH4 회수율은 약 98%였다.

This study is conducted to suggest ways to mitigate the mismatch phenomenon between job seekers who want to find right company for themselves and companies looking for appropriate new employees. For this purpose, this study improves the company assessment framework reflecting job seekers interests by using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. The improved evaluation framework is a three-level hierarchical structure, where there are 4 groups at the top level, 12 factors at the intermediate level and 36 indexes at the bottom level. For the empirical analysis of the applicants preferences based on the improved model, a survey for F-AHP analysis is carried out to university students and then priorities of components in the evaluation model are calculated. Moreover, the differences of priority of the company assessment framework are analyzed for different genders, college years, and major divisions. The results show that job seekers’ most concerning factors are wages, stability, working environments, and labor deal, which are ranked highly in this order and the differences in preferences for each type of job seekers (genders, college years, and major divisions) are obvious. The results also show that the male prefers wages to environment, on the other hand female does working environment to wages.

We develop a real-time data transfer system for the Korea Microlensing Telescope Network (KMTNet) photometry data and test whether it is suitable for Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) and three different observatories, which are Cerro Tololo Inter-Ameriacan Observatory (CTIO) in Chile, Siding Springs Observatory (SSO) in Australia, and South African Astronomical Observatory (SAAO) in South Africa. For this test, we use a high speed global network being dedicated for researches. From the test, we obtain that the elapsed times between KASI and each three observatories, CTIO, SSO, and SAAO to transfer 650 MB of data are 99.0, 9.2, 119.0 seconds, respectively. This means that the system can be used for the real-time data processing of KMTNet.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dynamic balance and activity of internal oblique muscle, multifidus muscle, gluteus maximus muscle, biceps femoris muscle during the Y balance test following the wearing of pelvic compression belt. Forty healthy adults were recruited for this test. The dynamic balance score was estimated as the following: (anterior+posteromdial+posterolateral)/(3×leg length)×100. The electromyography signals were measured through %reference voluntary contraction, which was normalized by reference voluntary contraction of Y balance test without wearing the pelvic compression belt. The paired t-test was carried out to compare the dynamic balance score and the activity of the trunk and hip extensor with and without the wearing of pelvic compression belt. The dynamic balance score of the Y balance test when wearing pelvic compression belt was significantly than when measured without wearing the pelvic compression belt (p<.05). The muscle activity of the internal oblique and the multifidus was significantly decreased when wearing pelvic compression belt (p<.05). The muscle activity of the gluteus maximus was significantly increased when wearing pelvic compression belt (p<.05). However, there was no significant difference in hamstring muscle activity, with or without wearing the belt (p>.05). In conclusion, this study shows that the wearing of pelvic compression belt affects trunk muscle and hip extensor muscle activity related to the pelvic mobility and stability and increases dynamic balance and also contributes to the stabilization of the external pelvic stabilization.

본 연구는 가축분뇨 혐기성소화에서 발생된 바이오가스 이용 활성화를 위하여 효율적인 가스성상별 분리 및 정제 방법을 모색코자 수행하였다. 바이오가스의 분리 및 정제를 위하여 폴리술폰 고분자 소재를 상분리법을 이용하여 중공사막을 제조하였고, 중공사막이 충진된 맴브레인 모듈을 제작하여 바이오 가스 분리 및 정제를 실시하였다. 이러한 특징을 가진 중공사막을 사용하여 멤브레인 모듈을 제작하였으며, 제작된 멤브레인 모듈을 사용하여 혐기성소화조에서 발생하는 바이오가스를 분리 및 정제하였다. 바이오가스의 분리 및 정제를 위해서 멤브레인 모듈에 공급한 바이오가스는 실록산 0.1 ppm 이하, H2S 3 ppm 이하, Dewpoint –20℃ 이하로 제어하여 공급하였다. 멤브레인 모듈의 운전압력은 4∼7 ㎏f/㎠, 온도의 범위는 15∼45℃이였다. 가축분뇨에서 발생하는 바이오가스를 분리 및 정제한 결과, CH4 94.2%, CO2 92.0%로 분리 및 정제되었으며, 회수율은 CH4 102.1%, CO2 83.5%가 회수되었다. 따라서 본 연구에서 제작한 멤브레인 모듈을 사용한 바이오가스의 분리 및 정제 실험을 통해서 분리 전 바이오 가스의 성분(CH4 68%, CO2 28%, O2 0.6%, H2S 1 ppm 이하, Balance 2.7%)에 대해서 CH4 94.2%, CO2 92.0%의 고농도 분리 및 정제가 가능한 것을 알 수 있었다.

본 연구는 냉각코일과 리튬브로마이드 수용액을 활용 하여 유리 chamber 내 냉각 및 제습 실험을 수행하였다. 냉각수 온도별 냉각 효과와 리튬브로마이드 수용액의 제습량을 확인하였으며, 이를 동시에 적용하여 실험을 수행하였다. 냉각수 온도별 냉각 실험은 279K, 286K, 293K에서 각각 19K, 13K, 10K 가량 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 냉각수 온도가 낮을수록 높은 냉각 성능을 보였으며, 여름철 상하수도 온도인 293K의 물로도 충분히 작물이 생육하기 좋은 온실 내부온도를 유지할 수 있다고 판단되었다. 또한 리튬브로마이드 수용액을 활용한 제습 실험에서는 약 80%의 외부 습도가 리튬브로마이드 수용액과 결합하여 약 50%로 감소되어 약 30%의 제습량을 보였으며, 이는 시설 내 제습 시스템의 적용에 적합한 물질로 판단된다. 냉각코일과 리튬브로마이드 수용액을 동시에 적용한 실험에서 약 9K의 온도 강하, 15%의 제습량을 나타냈으며, 리튬브로마이드 수용액이 수증기를 흡수하는 과정에서 반응열이 발생하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 시뮬레이션을 통해 냉각 실험 결과와 대비 비교 한 결과 약 299.7K의 내부 온도를 보여 일치하는 것을 확인하였다. 수분의 제습과정을 거치면서 농도가 낮아진 리튬브로 마이드 수용액(희용액)은 수집탱크로 모아 재생부로 이송되어 가열, 수분을 증발시켜 농용액으로 전환된 후 열 교환을 거쳐 냉각되어 다시 제습시스템으로 공급되는 시스템을 적용하면 일정량의 리튬브로마이드 수용액만으로 온실 제습을 할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 본 실험을 통해 냉각 및 제습이 동시에 가능하다는 것을 확인하였으며, 리튬브로마이드 수용액을 활용하여 실제 온실에 적용된다면 기존 온실에서 사용하고 있는 냉방 및 제습 방법에 비해 에너지 절감을 통한 경제적 효과를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 향후, 제습 부분은 시뮬레이션을 통한 분석 및 실험결과와 대비 검증이 요구되고, Lab scale의 제습 시스템에 서 Farm scale의 온실 규모로 확장하여, 추가 변수에 대한 제습 및 냉각 연구가 수행되어야 할 것이다.

최근 농가에서 모떼기 작업의 용이성 때문에 널리 이용되는 개량상자를 위한 적정 물관리 방법을 본 연구에서 제시하였다. 개량상자 +중량상토 조합으로 마른 못자리와 물 못자리에서 고랑관개와 상면관개를 하여 시험하였는데 그 결과 못자리 종류에 관계없이 상면관개가 안정적인 물관리 방법으로 선정되 었으며 고랑관개는 안정성이 낮아 배제되었다. 선정된 물관리방법이 경량 상토 및 매트상토에서도 유효한지 확인하기 위해 상면관개를 하여 못자리 별로 중량상토, 경량상토, 매트상토에서의 물관리 시험을 시행하였다. 그 결과 상면관개는 동일 못자리내에서 상토 종류에 관개없이 정상적으로 이앙 가능한 수 준의 모를 얻을 수 있었다. 따라서 개량상자를 이용할 경우 못자리 종류와 상토에 관계없이 상면관개를 해야만 하며 모를 안정적으로 얻기 위해서는 물 수위가 낮아지지 않게 주의해야 한다.

Fall is one of the most intimidating health conditions in elders. Comprehensive assessment is necessary to understand the individual and environmental aspects of the falls such as balancing abilities, depression, and quality of life. The purpose of this study was to compare the balancing ability, depression, and quality of life between elderly fallers and elderly non-fallers. Thirty-two community-dwelling elders (fifteen males and seventeen females between 65 and 83 years old), who have experienced fall on walking during last twelve months, were involved in the elderly fallers group. And twenty-four males and twenty-two females between 65 and 83 years old of community-dwelling elders, who have no experienced fall on walking during last twelve months, were involved in the elderly non-fallers group. Berg balance scale (BBS), timed up and go test (TUG), and functional reach test (FRT), were used to evaluate the ability of the physical balance. ‘Beck depression scale in Korean’ questionnaire was used to assess the depression. ‘Korean version of World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Instrument-Bref’ questionnaire was used to assess the quality of life. The results were as follows: 1) Balancing abilities measured by the BBS, TUG in the elderly fallers group were meaningfully lower than that of the elderly non-fallers group (p<.05), whereas no significant difference in the FRT was found (p>.05). 2) Depression level in the elderly fallers group was significantly higher than that of the elderly non-fallers group (p<.05). 3) Quality of life in the elderly fallers group was significantly lower than that of the elderly non-fallers group, excluding environment domain (p<.05). Therefore, in order for clinical evaluation of the community-dwelling elders those with reduced balancing ability, it is necessary to evaluate and understand the fall experience, depression, and quality of life.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hip external rotation angle on pelvis and lower limb muscle activity during prone hip extension. Sixteen healthy men were recruited for this study. Each subject performed an abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) in a prone position, and extended the dominant hip at three different hip external rotation angles (0°, 20°, 40°) with a 30° hip joint abduction. Activity of the gluteus maximus (G Max), gluteus medius (G Med), and hamstring (HAM) and the G Max/HAM and G Med/HAM ratios were determined with surface electromyography (EMG). The EMG signal was normalized to 100% maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs) and expressed as %MVIC. Data were analyzed by one-way repeated analysis of variance (alpha level=.05) and the Bonferroni post hoc test. Significant differences in G Max and G Med muscle activity were noted among the three different hip external rotation angles. G Max muscle activity increased significantly at both 40° (p=.006) and 20° (p=.010) compared to a 0° hip external rotation angle. G Med muscle activity increased significantly at 20° (p=.013) compared to a 40° hip external rotation angle. The G Max/HAM activity ratio increased significantly at both 40° (p=.004) and 20° (p=.014) compared to a 0° hip external rotation angle. The G Med/HAM activity ratio increased significantly at 20° (p=.013) compared to a 40° hip external rotation angle. In conclusion, 40° and 20° hip external rotation angles are recommended to increase G Max activity, and 20° hip external rotation is advocated to enhance G Med muscle activity during prone hip extension with ADIM and 30° hip abduction in healthy subjects.

PURPOSES: Used in transportation planning and traffic engineering, almost traffic simulation tools have input variable values optimized by overseas traffic flow attribution because they are almost developed in overseas country. Thus, model calibration appropriated for internal traffic flow attribution is needed to improve reliability of simulation method. METHODS : In this study, the traffic flow model calibration is based on expressways. For model calibration, it needs to define each expressway link according to attribution, thus it is classified by design speed, geometric conditions and number of lanes. And modified greenshield model is used as traffic flow model. RESULTS : The result of the traffic model calibration indicates that internal congested density is lower than overseas. And the result of analysis according to the link attribution indicates that the more design speed and number of lanes increase, the lower the minimum speed, the higher the congested density. CONCLUSIONS: In the traffic simulation tool developed in overseas, the traffic flow is different as design speed and number of lanes, but road segment don't affect traffic flow. Therefore, these results need to apply reasonably to internal traffic simulation method.

Lumbopelvic stabilization exercise has become the most popular treatment method in lumbar rehabilitation since its effectiveness was shown in some aspects of pain and disability. The abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) has been extensively implemented to promote lumbopelvic stability. However, performing ADIM correctly is difficult even for healthy subjects, and it is time consuming to train people in ADIM. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare abdominal muscle [rectus abdominalis (RA), external oblique (EO), and transverse abdominis/internal oblique (TrA/IO)] activity during lumbopelvic stabilization exercises (ADIM only, ADIM with a ball, maximum exhalation only, and maximum exhalation with a ball) performed in a supine position with feet against a wall. Fifteen healthy subjects were recruited for this study. Surface electromyography was used to measure abdominal muscle activity during lumbopelvic stabilization exercises. A one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to determine the statistical significance of RA, EO, and TrA/IO muscle activity during four lumbopelvic stabilization exercises. Both-side TrA/IO muscle activity was significantly greater with maximum exhalation with a ball than with ADIM only or ADIM with a ball (p<.008). The results of this study suggest that maximum exhalation with a ball can be used as an effective lumbopelvic stabilization exercise to increase TrA/IO muscle activity in healthy subjects.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate effect of fabric ankle-foot orthosis on spatiotemporal gait parameters, compared to a barefoot condition in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Eleven children with spastic cerebral palsy participated in this study. Spatiotemporal gait parameters were measured with the GAITRite system. Fabric ankle-foot orthosis significantly improved Timed Up and Go test time and gait velocity. There was no significant difference in cadence. The step time significantly improved in both the more and less affected foot compared to the barefoot condition. The step length of the affected foot also significantly improved, but there was no significant difference in the step length of the less affected foot. There was significant improvement in the stride length of both the affected and less affected foot, but no significant difference in single stance or double stance. The fabric ankle-foot orthosis could improve stability, and selective control of the joint and promote better walking in children with cerebral palsy. Consequently, the fabric ankle-foot orthosis might be an alternative assistive device for neurological populations as a primary role instead of the typical ankle-foot orthosis.

The purpose of this study were to determine the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of shoulder passive range of motion measurement using the “Clinometer + bubble level”, a smartphone application and to compare with the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of measurement using a goniometer. Twenty six patients with stroke were recruited for this study. Two raters measured the passive range of motion of four types of shoulder movements (forward flexion; FF, abduction; ABD, external rotation at 90° abduction; ER90 and internal rotation at 90° abduction; IR90) using a goniometer and a smartphone to determine within-day inter-rater reliability. A retest session was performed thirty minutes later to determine within-day intra-rater reliability. The reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and the standard error of measurement (SEM). The ICC (2,1) for the inter-rater reliabilities of the goniometer and smartphone were good in FF and ABD [ICC (2,1)=.75∼.87] and excellent in ER90 [ICC (2,1)=.90∼.95]. The intra-rater reliabilities for the goniometer and smartphone were good or more than good, with an ICC (3,1) value >.75, the exception was IR90 measured by rater 2 on the smartphone. These results suggest that smartphone could be used as an alternative method tool for measurement of passive shoulder range of motion in patients with stroke.

In this paper we offered a new UI design for Chinese input method on smart devices during Gameplay. Currently the well-known conventional stroke-based Chinese input method using only five basic stroke types could achieve low leaning curve and small keypad implementation, we made the UI design base on this stroke-based input method compensating the problem that input speed is limited and finally relatively higher the input speed. For experiment we designed and implemented the new UI for input method by Unity3D. Input by pressing or typing keys is replaced by more using sliding. To improve the input speed of the stroke-based method slide direction arrows are used and selected character will be intuitively shown to user in real time as designed. And the Four Tones(四声) in Chinese pronunciation is also been used to improve the input speed for this input method. In addition, to evaluation the new input method UI, we have conducted experiments on smart device comparing with four basic Chinese input methods. Through the numeric values recorded in the evaluation by inputting random 20 Chinese characters and two-letter Chinese words, comparing the input speed, click times, the typo rate shows the advantages of the new UI and proved that the new UI is better than others for using in smart device game.

최근 지구온난화에 대한 우려가 증가되면서 농업분야에도 저탄소 녹색성장에 대한 필요성이 대두되고 있으며 친환경 유기 농산물에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 친환경 유기농업을 위하여 녹비작물로 헤어리베치를 재배하여 이앙 1개월 전에, 트랙터 부착형 진압기로 진압하여 녹비작물을 피복하였다. 피복 직후 물을 관수하여 헤어리베치를 부숙시킨 후 경운작업 없이 이앙할 부분만 경운 동시에 이앙하여 녹비작물 피복 논에서 부분경운효과를 분석하였다.

PDMS 단일 막을 이용한 투과증발공정을 통해 이소프로필알코올(Isopropyl alcohol, IPA)―물계에 대한 분리특성 을 알아보았다. RTV-655 주재와 가교제의 비율을 9:1과 10:1로 달리하고 반응온도를 40, 60, 80°C로 변화하여 경화시켰다. 이렇게 제조된 막을 이용하여 특성평가를 위해 물/IPA 혼합액에 대한 투과증발 실험을 수행하였다. 공급액의 조성은 85 wt% IPA 수용액을 사용하였으며, 온도는 25, 35, 45, 55°C로 변화시켰다. 공급액의 변화와 반응온도의 조건변화에 따른 투과도 및 IPA 농축농도를 측정하였는데, 투과도는 9:1 비율, 공급액 온도 55°C일 때 148 ⋅, 선택도는 10:1 비율, 공급액 온도 55°C일 때 17%로 가장 높은 값을 얻을 수 있었다.

일본의 과수 재배 일반현황과 기계화 동향을 살펴본 결과, 일본의 과수 재배면적과 농가 수는 점점 줄고 있으나 호당 경지면적은 증가하고 있고, 특히 3 ha 이상의 대규모 재배농가가 증가하고 있었다. 주요 과수작목의 10 a 당 평균 노동시간은300시간으로 벼 재배의 약 10배 이상을 보였으며, 포도가 가장 긴 455시간을 보였고, 감이 가장 짧은 186시간을 보였다. 과수 기계화율 향상을 위해서는 첫째로 재배측면에서 농기계가 자유롭게 작업할 수 있는 재배양식의 표준화, 저수고화를 포함한 수체의 콤팩트화, 수형의 규격화 등 재배환경의 최적화가 우선되어야 할 것으로 판단되었다. 재배양식의 표준화는 차세대형 기계화는 물론 이미 개발된 기술을 실용화함에 있어서 필수 불가결한 조건이기 때문이며, 재배양식 다양성이 기계의 보급대수를 제한하고 제조비용을 높게 만들어 보급이 진행되지 못하게 막는 방해 요인이 되기 때문이다. 수체가 콤팩트하게 된다면 기계도 소형화 될 수 있고, 에너지와 기계 비용도 개선할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 또한 수체 피복형 작업기가 실현가능하게 되어 환경보전형 방제기와 각종 작업의 로봇화에도 크게 공헌 할 수 있기 때문이다. 더욱이 수형의 규격화가 진행됨으로서 기계개발의 가능성이 크게 넓어질 것이다. 즉, 노력이 가장 많이 들고 있는 전정과적과, 수확 등의 기계화 여부는 수형의 콤팩트화와 규격화에 달려 있다고 해도 과언이 아니기 때문이다. 둘째로 기계측면에서는 노동력 부족 해결을 위해 전정·제초로봇, 친환경 방제용 기계, 수확 운반기계의 개발이 추진되어야 할 것으로 판단되었다. 그리고, 고령 농업인들을 위한 농작업 부하경감을 위해 파워 어시스트 슈트의 개발과 허리, 손, 무릅에 부담이 가는 작업의 부담경감을 위해 동작 패턴을 기억하여 재현 가능한 기술의 개발 등이 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단되었다.