Mobile phone market, a market of the device leading the digital convergence as well as positioning itself as one of the national growth driving industry and as a daily necessity, is led globally by companies that have been actively responding to changes in the so-called Smart Revolution environment. Lately, however, the Smart Phone market is prospected to move from growth phase to mature phase by the scholars. In order for a company to proactively respond to the change in such market condition, it is imperative that they ensure absolute advantage in customer loyalty over their competitors by revolutionising the after-sales service(A/S) quality that will lead to service satisfaction. This study aims to configure what dimensions make up for mobile phone A/S quality, and how this quality affects customer satisfaction and loyalty as well as proposing directions for A/S quality improvement by identifying them case by case to see what dimensions have more impact on customer satisfaction.

This paper is about improvements to prevent the crack on welding parts of bleed air duct and vent tube in Advanced Trainer ECS owing to vibration. The configurations and the path of vent tube should be changed to prevent the crack. To assure the result of improvements, measured the status of each pressure condition attaching pressure censers on duct and vent tube. The result of life analysis shows that a crack does not happen on improved configuration while a crack initiates after 19th flight and thru cracking could happen after the 30th flight on previous configuration.

PURPOSES : Visibility of lanes on the road improves as retro-reflectivity rises. This helps reduce traffic accidents at nighttime or in bad weather. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of improved visibility on reduction of traffic accidents when the color of the lane in the median of the highway was changed from yellow to white. METHODS: In order to evaluate the accident reduction effect of the white left shoulder line, Hauer (1997)'s Comparison-Group method was chosen as an analysis methodology. The JungBu-2 highway, which is equipped with the white left shoulder line and is in trial operation, was chosen as a target for analysis. Data of accidents for 10 months before and after installation was collected and analyzed. In addition to the number of accidents, the types of accidents were classified into nighttime accidents, accidents in bad weather, and median collisions. The accident reduction effect of improved visibility of lanes was analyzed. RESULTS : The analysis’finding showed that installation of the white left shoulder line decreased the number of accidents by 28%. Moreover, improvement in visibility was effective in reducing nighttime accidents by 67.63%, accidents in bad weather by 55.19%, and median collisions by 48.55%. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the analysis’results in this study, it was concluded that white left shoulder line on the freeway contributed to reduce traffic accidents, especially nighttime accidents, accidents in bad weather, and median collisions.

Recently, in Korea various kinds of genetically modified (GM) crops have been imported and used as a raw material to manufacture foods and livestock feeds, but the different social concerns about the benefits and the potential risks of GM crops are being shown with a different reaction from the public. Thus a persistent management is required for the safe utilization of genetically modified organism (GMO). PCR analysis of transgene into crop is generally performed for the efficient post management of GMOs. The most important prerequisite for the application of nucleic acid detections is to decide the effective DNA-extraction methods. Particularly, in the case of processed feeds, the nucleic acids of which may be damaged by heating, high pressure, pH treatments, fermentation, etc. in processing, DNA must be extracted with high sensitivity from the samples to perform the PCR successfully. In this study, seven of DNA-extraction methods used commercially and non-commercially were compared with respect to the yields and quality of DNA extracted from livestock feeds and those crop materials. Amounts of genomic DNA obtained from the extraction methods varies according to feed configurations and crop materials. The DNA yield and uniformity of samples extracted with PG, CTAB, and QF method is greater than that obtained from other extraction methods. In the DNA integrity of the selected extraction methods, PCR analysis showed distinct amplifications and similar patterns in detecting crop endogenous genes and GMO genes. These results would be applicable for the selection of an adequate DNA-extraction method in extracting processed feeds and/or crop materials.

최근 콘크리트 구조물은 구조적인 역할뿐만 아니라 경관구조물로써의 역할이 증대되고 있다. 이러한 상황에서 자연암반 연출이 용이한 시공기술이 필요하게 되었다. 고성능 숏크리트를 사용한 자연암 옹벽시 공기술 개발로 기존 공법의 조각공정을 단순화하기 위해 스템프형태로 시공하는 문양을 찍는 방법을 선정 하였다. 벽면에 암무늬 및 석축무늬의 형태를 표현하는 기술을 조각공이 아닌 일반인부에 의해 표현하고자 기 존 암반무늬 우레탄틀 또는 사각형틀을 이용하여 숏크리트 타설 후 무늬를 찍는 스템프형 자연암 옹벽 시 공기술을 개발하여 조각공에 의한 공사비용을 저감하였다. 그림 1은 시공 순서이고, 그림 2는 시공전후와 마무리별 무늬 질감을 나타낸 그림이다.

Although recombinant human Bone Morphogenetic Proteins-2 (rhBMP-2) is clinically useful for bone regeneration, induction of new bone formation requires a large amount of rhBMP-2 in humans. Many investigators have been concentrated efforts on searching materials which enhance the effect of rhBMP-2, and then heparin was found as a potentiating material to rhBMP-2. The purpose of this study were histomorphometrically to analyze the enhancing effect of heparin to rhBMP-2 and to study the mode of actions of heparin to rhBMP-2. Stem cells obtained from rabbit adipose tissue were divided into 4 groups according to heparin concentrations(0, 0.25, 2.5, and 25 μg/ml) with a constant rhBMP-2 concentration(150 ng/ml) and cultured for 2, 4, and 8 days. Naphtol AS phosphate-fast blue BB staining for alkaline phosphatase content and Alizarin red staining for calcium content were performed as time schedules and the morphology and osteoblastic activity were observed closely. 5 μg/ml rhBMP-2 was mixed with the following doses of heparin: 0, 0.25, 2.5, and 25 μg/ml. Each mixture was blotted into 0.5 g of multiporous anorganic bovine bone and was inserted into the critical sized calvarial defects(diameter of 0.8-mm) of rabbits. After 1, 3, and 6 weeks, the harvested tissues were processed and stained using H&E and Masson’s trichrome methods. And the areas of newly formed bone in the grafted material were measured and statistically analyzed. During culture experiment of adipose stem cells with rhBMP-2 and heparin, the degree of osteoblastic differentiation was increased with increasing heparin concentration, but the cellular degeneration was accelerated at higher concentration of heparin as time passed. Consequently the osteoblastic differentiation of progenitor cells were accelerated as the concentration of heparin increased. In addition, the progenitor cells exhibited full differentiations early showing fast degeneration. The higher the concentration of heparin, larger newly formed bone in grafted materials was obtained in initial period. However, the increased amount of the newly formed bone in grafted materials was progressively decreased at the higher concentration of heparin as time passed. In conclusion, the heparin has influence on the osteoinductive effect of rhBMP-2 in the initial stage of bone formation. The use of heparin with rhBMP-2 could offer cheaper, safer, and improve clinical results in grafting procedures.

본 조사를 통하여 2015년 6월부터 8월까지 태안군에서 13개 지역을 선정하여 곤충상을 조사 하였다. 주요조사방법으로 임도와 등산로, 생태탐방로를 따라 포충망을 이용한 채어잡기와 쓸어잡기 방법으로 주간 채집을 실시하였고, UV light trap을 이용한 야간 채집을 수행하였다. 채집된 육상곤충은 총 12목 77과 491종 3657개체가 확인되었고, 이 중 고유종으로 줄우단풍뎅이 (Gastroserica herzi Heyden, 1887, 딱정벌레목 : 검정풍뎅이과), 우리벼밤나방 (Sesamia pseudoturpis Kononenko et Ahn, 1998, 나비목 : 밤나방과), 제일줄나비 (Limenitis helmanni Lederer, 1853, 나비목 : 네발나비과), 팔공산밑들이메뚜기 (Anapodisma beybienkoi Rentz et Miller, 1971, 메뚜기목 : 메뚜기과)와 기후변화생물지표종 먹그림나비 (Dichorragia nesimachus Boisduval, 1836, 나비목 : 네발나비과), 암끝검은표범나비 (Argyreus hyperbius Linnaeus, 1763 나비목 : 네발나비과), 제주등줄박 각시 (Marumba spectabilis Okamoto, 1924, 나비목 : 박각시과)가 확인되었다. Shannon’s diversity 지수(H)와 Simpon’s diversity 지수(D′)를 이용하여 각 지역별 다양성을 산출하였는데 안면도 휴양림 (H=4.486, D′=0.9804)이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 대소산 (H=4.175, D′=0.9622)이 다음으로 높은 다양성을 보였다. 주성분분석(Principal Component Analysis) 결과 월별 종 구성의 차이는 크게 나타나지 않았지만, 지역별 구성에서 백화산, 안면도 휴양림, 대소산에서 다른 군집과 매우 상이한 종 구성을 보였다.

It is very important for the competitiveness and sustainable management of enterprises that the rapid changes in the managerial environments quickly and accurately are responded. For example, the large-scale investment accompanied by bad alternatives in accordance with misunderstanding of the managerial environments yields the huge cost and effort to modify and improve. In firm management, the quality of products and the productivity are influenced by changes of the endogenous factors yielded in manufacturing process and the exogenous factors as market, etc. These changes include not only changes in 4M (man, machine, material, method) but also those in the market, competitors, and technologies in the process of commodification, i.e., first, such disturbances make dispersion of the process big and odd. By Shewhart chart it can be checked that the process monitored is control-in or out. Business administration executes activities for input stabilization by monitoring changes in 4Ms, comparing with the standards, and taking measures for any abnormality. Second, TRM (technology road map) is to prospect product deployment and technological trend by predicting technologies in the competitive environment as the market, and to suggest the future directions of business. So, TRM must be modified and improved according to DR (design review) stages and changes in mass-production like input material change. Therefore, a role of TRM in input stabilization for reducing cost and man-hour is important. This study purposed to suggest that the environment changes are classified into endogenous factors and exogenous factors in production process, and then, quality and productivity should be stabilized efficiently through connection between TRM and input stabilization, and to prove that it is more effective for the display industry to connect TRM with input stabilization rather than to use TRM separately.

This study aims to rediscover the meaning and value of Soswaewon construction represented in Kim In-Hu's 48 poems on the basis of the concept and idea of soundscape. It classified the landscape resources through the various emotional elements such as the sense of sight, hearing, smell, touch, taste, and warmth described in the 48 poems of Soswaewon, and also interpreted the meaning and value of Soswaewon construction. Appreciating various sounds of Soswaewon, Kim In-Hu understood a sound as an important element of the landscape. Also, he abundantly wrote down the interesting changes of Soswaewon which vary depending on time or seasons. The 48 poems contain the scent and feel of Soswaewon as well as the soundscapes which can be heard with ears. A variety of sounds heard in Soswaewon are the whole senses which are combined with the chill of Soswaewon, the fragrance of trees and the mystery of the mountain, etc, and they mean the wider world much more than the value of physical sounds. Soundscapes of Soswaewon are becoming an emotional space which intactly conveys not only the musical inspiration but also the scent of life to us.

건물외피 발생하는 열교현상은 건물의 단열성능 및 외피의 내구성에 영향을 미치며, 국내의 일반적인 주거형식인 공동주택의 발코니에 있어서 이러한 열교현상은 중요하게 고려되고 있다. 이와 같이 내·외부 발코니 슬래브 사이에서 발생하는 열교현상을 최소화하기 위한 목적으로 열교차단장치가 개발되었으며 다수의 건설현장에서 적용되고 있다. 철근콘크리트 슬래브 벽-슬래브 접합부에 열교차단장치를 적용함으로써 건물의 단열성능을 향상될 수 있으나 풍하중과 같은 양방향의 하중에 의해 열교차단장치 삽입부위가 적합한 구조성능을 확보하고 있는지에 대한 검증이 요구된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 철근콘크리트 슬래브에 적용된 열교차단장치의 구조성능을 확인하기 위해 변위제어 방식으로 30 싸이클의 반복하중을 가력하였다. 열교차단장치가 삽입된 접합부는 요구되는 구조성능을 확보하며, 최대 모멘트강도, 에너지소산능력, 연성비가 기존의 철근콘크리트 슬래브와 비교하여 향상되는 것으로 나타났다.

기존에 사용되고 있는 모빌믹서트럭 대신 레미콘과 펌프카를 이용하여 현장에 시공할 수 있는 시공방 법 및 시공 장비 최소화에 대한 대책을 연구한다. 또한 기포에 포함된 수량을 미리 판단하여 물-바인더비 의 변화를 예측 ․ 예방할 수 있다. 그리고 기포의 볼베어링 효과로 인해 실리카 퓸을 콘크리트에 분산시킬 수 있어 교면포장에 사용되는 라텍스의 혼입량을 줄일 수 있기 때문에 재료비를 낮출 수 있다. 장비의 사 용 또한 최소한으로 하여 전체적인 공사비를 절감할 수 있는 대안으로 떠오를 수 있으며 시공이 간편하여 균일한 콘크리트를 생산할 수 있는 이점을 가질 수 있다. 마지막으로 실리카 퓸과 라텍스의 동시 혼입으 로 인하여 콘크리트의 정적강도 증진 및 기포 혼입으로 인한 내구성 향상으로 콘크리트의 고성능화가 가 능하다. 공기량 및 슬럼프 시험 결과 기포를 혼입하였을 때의 공기량, 최종 스프레이 이후의 공기량으로 나누어 측정하였다. 그림 1과 그림 2에서 스프레이를 통하여 과다한 공기량이 일정 수준으로 감소하는 것을 확인 할 수 있다.

To examine species composition, abundance and biomass of fishes in the northwestern East Sea of Russian EEZ, trawl survey were conducted at 31 sampling stations from 2006 to 2008. Also, trawl survey were conducted at 21 sampling stations in the southwestern East Sea of Korean EEZ from 2006 to 2008. A total of 67 fishes were collected in the northwestern East Sea of Russian EEZ, a total of 39 fishes were collected in the southwestern East Sea of Korean EEZ. Among them, a total of 53 fishes were collected in the northwestern East Sea of Russian EEZ only, and a total of 25 fishes were collected in the southwestern East Sea of Korean EEZ only. Mean abundance per area which caught by trawl survey in the northwestern East Sea ranged from a high of 116,478 inds./km2 in 2008 to a low of 19,737 inds./km2 in 2006. And mean abundance per area in the southwestern East Sea ranged from a high of 89,129 inds./km2 in 2006 to a low of 8,234 inds./km2 in 2008. Mean biomass per area which caught by trawl survey in the northwestern East Sea ranged from a high of 11,333 kg/km2 in 2008 to a low of 2,439 kg/km2 in 2006. And mean biomass per area in the southwestern East Sea ranged from a high of 6,273 kg/km2 in 2006 to a low of 1,062 kg/km2 in 2008. Cluster analysis, based on a Bray–Curtis similarity matrix of fourth root transformed data of number of species and individuals per area, showed division into three different groups by depth in the northwestern and southwestern East Sea.

담관 협착의 원인을 양성인지 악성인지 구별하기가 어려운 경우가 종종 있어 많은 임상의사들을 곤혹스럽게 한다. 그러한 이유는 여러 가지 영상검사와 내시경적 역행성 담췌관 조영술에 의한 반복적인 세포검사와 조직검사를 시행함에도 불구하고 양성 담관 협착과 악성 담관 협착을 수술 전 정확히 감별하지 못하는 경우가 많기 때문이다. 저자들은 50 세 남자환자에게 원위부 담도 폐쇄 소견이 있어 세포 검사와 조직검사를 여러 차례 반복적으로 시행하였으나 악성세포는 나오지 않았고, 간흡충 충란이 다량 발견되어 간흡충증에 의한 양성 협착과 악성 협착의 감별이 어려운 상황에서 1개월 후 복부 전산화 단층촬영을 시행하였다. 그 결과 췌장실질의 위축과 췌관확장이 진행하여 악성종양을 강력히 의심하고 유문부 보존 췌십이지장 절제술을 시행하였다. 조직검사 결과에서 췌장 머리의 선암으로 진단하였다. 악성 담관 협착을 수술 전에 정확히 진단하기는 쉽지 않지만, 담관 협착은 악성이 의심되면 수술적 진단 등의 적극적 검사를 주저해서는 안될 것이다.

최근 노후 콘크리트포장은 보수비가 급증하고 있으며, 더불어 노후 콘크리트포장의 연장 역시 앞으로 빠른 속도로 증가할 것으로 보인다. 따라서 앞으로 급증할 노후 콘크리트 물량을 생각할 때 우리나라도 노후 콘크리트 포장의 근본적인 보수/보강대책 마련이 시급하다. 또한, 현재 콘크리트 도로포장의 파손에 대한 적절하고 시급한 보수 및 보강능력을 향상 시키고 교통 지연 및 시공비용을 최소화하기 위한 방법들 이 재료, 배합, 시공 등의 다각적인 측면에서 시도되고 있다. 이러한 보수방법들은 저 교통량 하에 최소한 의 작업시간으로 교통안전과 사고의 위험을 줄일 수 있는 경제적, 환경적 대안을 필요로 한다. 해마다 도 로연장의 증가로 유지보수단면이 증가하고, 특히 교통량의 증가에 따른 신설 도로 확장공사구간이 늘어나 고 있는 추세이다. 이와 같이 증가되는 공사구간에 의해 차량지체현상이 주기적으로 발생하며 사용자비용 또한 증가되고 있다. 이러한 사용자 비용을 감소시키기 위해서는 조기교통개방을 위한 체계적이고 안정적 인 보수공법이 적용되어야 한다.