This study aimed to investigate the effect of acorn powder and starch on the blood parameters of mice fed a high-fat diet. The moisture, crude ash, crude protein, and crude fat contents of acorns were 37.99±0.37%, 1.61±0.06%, 4.36±0.18% and 3.22±0.15%, respectively. Acorn powder and starch contains antioxidant minerals such as selenium and zinc. The iron content was significantly higher in acorn powder than in acorn starch (p<0.05). The total cholesterol concentration was 148.50±29.72 mg/dL in the high-fat starch diet (HFS) group, while in the high-fat diet (HF) group it was 201.50±39.15 mg/dL (p<0.05). Serum LDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower in the HFS group (50.50±10.79 mg/dL) than in the HF group (62.00±20.85 mg/dL; p<0.05). The serum IL-1β levels in mice were not significantly different between the groups. IL-10 levels were higher in the HFP group than other groups. There is a need for strong recognition that acorns are good ingredients worldwide. It is required to develop various products using acorn powder and starch powder. There is also a need for a strategy to globalize food using acorns.

In this study, we analyzed the biochemical factors in lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) leaf, stem, and yeonjabang and their effects on serum factor levels in mice fed a high-fat (HF) diet. The loutus leaf showed 9.47±0.30% moisture content, 8.25±0.39% ash, 21.45±1.25% crude protein, and 2.21±0.13% crude fat content; the lotus stem showed 11.84±0.43% moisture, 10.21±0.64% ash, 17.55±0.92% crude protein, and 4.16±0.23% crude fat content; and the lotus yeonjabang showed 11.86±0.50% moisture, 6.81±0.51% ash, 18.71±1.02% crude protein, and 3.95±0.15% crude fat. Blood triglyceride levels were higher in the HF group (146.43±38.81 mg/dL), and lower in the HF+yeonjabang groups (98.00±17.18 mg/dL). In particular, blood triglyceride levels were significantly lower in the groups that had 10% dry yeonjabang powder added to the high-fat diet. The inclusion of excessive high-fat diet increased concentrations of serum insulin and leptin. Serum leptin concentrations were highest in the HF group mice (3.00±1.35 ng/dL), whereas they were significantly lower in the HF+yeonjabang groups by 1.34±0.52 ng/dL (p<0.05). Thus, addition of dry yeonjabang powder to the high-fat diet was more effective in regulating the levels of serum triglycerides and leptin in mice. Additional studies would help in the development of yeonjabang as a functional food.

In this study, we determined the effect of the mulberry leaf powder on blood lipid metabolism and liver function improvement of mice fed a high fat diet. The mulberry leaf showed a moisture content of 10.74±0.56%, ash 9.67±0.56%, crude protein 25.24±1.02%, and crude fat 2.66±0.08%. In the group with high fat diet supplemented with mulberry leaf powder, serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL-cholesterol) and total cholesterol levels were significantly lower (p<0.05); also, serum phospholipid and aspartate amino transferase (AST) levels were significantly lower (p<0.05). Serum insulin and leptin levels were high in mice fed a high fat diet; however, addition of mulberry leaf powder 10% in the diet had no significant effect on blood insulin and leptin control. The results of the study suggested that various plant sterols in mulberry leaf improve lipid metabolism and liver function in ICR-mice.

This study was conducted to investigate the health effects of the general components of acorns in animals. In Korea, acorns have been used as food material in the form of acorn starch. Acorns contain tannin, gallic acid, digallic acid, and gallotannin. Therefore, the health effects of acorns as functional food are actively being studied. The chemical composition of acorns may vary according to the harvest time, region, and breed. Acorns have excellent antioxidant properties and might be beneficial in controlling hyperlipidemia, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and dementia, as well as strengthening immune competence. Further study is necessary to better understand the benefits of acorns, as it is expected to represent a large part of the food industry.

Taurine is an abundant amino acid in many animals, including humans. Relatively large amounts of taurine are found in leukocytes, heart, muscles, retinas, kidneys, bones, and liver. Taurine has antioxidant effects; it reacts with hydrogen peroxide to prevent oxidation of the cell membrane. Taurine enhances the effects of anticancer drugs, while also reducing side effects, and taurolidine, a taurine derivative, has been shown to exhibit anti-cancer effects without notable side effects in several types of cancer. Taurine aids in cholesterol metabolism by increasing the rate of synthesis of bile acids, and, thus, reduces triglyceride levels. In addition, taurine is involved in the growth and differentiation of nerve cells and is associated with some neurological disorders. Taurine aids in bone formation and prevents bone dissolution. Moreover, taurine prevents liver damage from a variety of drugs and, thus, protects the liver. Taurine is involved in the development and function of the retina and lens. It also has anti-atherosclerotic and anti-thrombotic effects that protect against cardiovascular disease. Taurine may have additional physiological functions, and warrants further investigation.

Taurine is one of the most abundant free β-amino acids in the human body that accounts for 0.1% of the human body weight. It has a sulfonic acid group in place of the more common carboxylic acid group. Mollusks and meat are the major dietary source of taurine, and mother`s milks also include high levels of this amino acid. The leukocytes, heart, muscle, retina, kidney, bone, and brain contain more taurine than other organs. Furthermore, taurine can be synthesized in the brain and liver from cysteine. There are no side effects of excessive taurine intake in humans; however, in case of taurine deficiency, retinal abnormalities, reduced plasma taurine concentration, and other abnormalities may occur. Taurine enters the cell via a cell membrane receptor. It is excreted in the urine (approximately 95%) and feces (approximately 5%). Taurine has a number of features and functions, including conjugation with bile acid, reduction of blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels, promotion of neuron cell differentiation and growth, antioxidant effects, maintenance of cell membrane stability, retinal development, energy generation, depressant effects, regulation of calcium level, muscle contraction and relaxation, bone formation, anti-inflammatory effects, anti-cancer and anti-atherogenic effects, and osmotic pressure control. However, the properties, functions, and effects of taurine require further studies in future.

Since Korean ancient times, powder of Rosa rugosa Thunberg has been used as a folk remedy. This study was conducted to verify the effects of Rosa rugosa Thunberg powder on in vitro antioxidant properties and serum lipid levels of high-fat diet-induced mice from a nutritional viewpoint. In the case of Rosa rugosa Thunberg powders, measurement of TPC, ABTS radical scavenging activity of trolox, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and measured value of FRAP were higher in ethanol extract than water extracts. For LDL-cholesterol concentration, mice fed 10% powder of Rosa rugosa Thunberg with high-fat diets showed a high numerical value compared with other groups (p<0.05). When testing for triglyceride concentrations in blood, mice fed 10% and 20% powder of Rosa rugosa Thunberg with high-fat diets showed the lowest numerical values (p<0.05). When testing for blood insulin concentrations, the high-fat diet group showed higher levels than compared to the control group (p<0.05). When testing for blood leptin concentrations, the high-fat diet group was 5.88±3.53 ng/dL, whereas mice fed 10% powder of Rosa rugosa Thunberg with high-fat diets showed a blood leptin level of 10.36±5.96 ng/dL (p<0.05). Therefore, results prove that powder of Rosa rugosa Thunberg reduces triglyceride concentrations in the blood, and could be used as an excellent natural antioxidant in the future.

본 연구는 노원구 S대에 재학 중인 남자 대학생을 대상으 로 lacto-ovo-vegetarian과 non-vegetarian으로 나누어 신체계측, 건강상태, 식습관 및 영양소 섭취상태를 비교하여 건강에 대 한 기초 자료로 사용하고자 실시하였다. 1. Lacto-ovo vegetarian과 non-vegetarian의 신장은 차이가 없 었지만, 체중은 non-vegetarian에서 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 2. Lacto-ovo vegetarian은 종교적인 이유로 채식을 하고 있 었으며, 영양학적으로 채식 식사의 만족도는 86.0%를 차지하 였다. 3. Lacto-ovo vegetarian과 non-vegetarian은 건강에 대한 관 심도와 영양제 복용율은 낮은 편이었으며, 운동을 하는 비율 은 lacto-ovo vegetarian 64.0%와 non-vegetarian 61.4%가 한다고 답하였다. 4. Lacto-ovo vegetarian은 non-vegetarian에 비해 식사를 규 칙적으로 하였으며, 매일 아침식사를 하는 비율이 높았다. 또 한 전체 조사대상자들은 모두 외식을 한다고 답하였으며, 외 식 시 선호하는 음식으로는 한식을 선호하는 것으로 조사되 었다. 5. Lacto-ovo vegetarian은 non-vegetarian에 비해 우유나 유 제품(요구르트, 요플레 등)을 매일 1병 이상 마시는 점, 김치 이외의 채소를 식사할 때마다 먹는 점, 과일(1개)이나 과일주 스(1잔)를 매일 먹는 점, 식사는 매일 세끼를 규칙적으로 한 다는 점 및 모든 식품을 골고루 섭취하는 점에 대해 높은 경 향을 보였다. 이에 비해 non-vegetarian은 달걀, 콩 및 두부 등 으로 된 음식을 끼니마다 먹는 점과 튀김이나 기름에 볶는 요리를 주 2회 이상 먹는 점이 높은 경향을 보였다. 6. Lacto-ovo vegetarian의 경우, 에너지, 비타민 B2, B6 및 니아신 섭취율이 낮은 반면에, 식이섬유는 충분히 섭취하고 있었다. 그러나 non-vegetarian은 식이섬유는 부족하게 섭취 하였으나, 소디움, 콜레스테롤 등의 영양소는 과잉 섭취하는 것으로 조사되었다. 따라서 본 연구 결과를 종합해 보면, 건강관련사항이나 식 습관에 있어서는 두 군 간에 큰 차이는 없었지만, 영양소 섭 취상태에서는 lacto-ovo vegetarian과 non-vegetarian에 있어서 유의한 차이를 보였다. Lacto-ovo vegetarian의 경우에는 육류 나 생선 섭취를 하지 않는 것을 고려하여 열량을 비롯한 다른 영양소의 섭취를 충분히 할 수 있도록 신중한 식사계획이 필 요하며, 식품교환표를 이용한 대체식품의 이용률을 증가시켜 야 할 것으로 사료된다. 또한 non-vegetarian의 경우는 지속적 인 영양소의 과잉 섭취로 인한 건강상의 문제점이 발생되지 않도록 노력해야 할 것이다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the health status and food habits of male college students in Seoul according to drinking habits. In order to identify risk factors, health surveys were conducted from October 2013 to December 2013. Average height, weight, and BMI of subjects were 175.47±5.27 cm, 67.93±9.28 kg, and 22.04±2.67 kg/m2, respectively. Weight and BMI were higher in the non-drinking groups compared to the drinking groups (p<0.05). Frequency of drinking was 2~3 times per month, and 52.4% of subjects started drinking when starting university. The motivation to start drinking was cited as “From necessity”. Reason for drinking was “Social relations”. The favorite kind of drink was beer. Rate of taking supplements was 24.4% of the subjects. Vitamin preparations were highest in drinking groups and non-drinking groups (p<0.05). The reasons for skipping meal were “too busy” in the drinking groups, and “oversleep” in the non-drinking groups (p<0.05). The preference for snacking in drinking groups were milk, milk products, and fast food, with the highest being listed first. The non-drinking groups preferred carbonated drinks and ice cream. The drinking groups need more education about their drinking habits. Drinking groups also need an increased intake of vegetables and fruits.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the eating patterns, nutrient intakes, blood levels, and health status of male college students in Seoul according to body mass index (BMI). In this study, we classified subjects into normal weight (n=240), under weight (n=11), and obese (n=46) groups according to BMI. The weight and BMI were significantly higher in the obese group compared to other groups (p<0.0001). The obesity was associated with overeating and frequent eating. The under weight group showed significantly higher consumption of fast food, snacks, and fried foods compared to the other groups (p<0.05). The intakes of milk, meat, fish, eggs, and fried food and preference ratios were higher in the obese group (p<0.05). The male college students in this study showed insufficient intakes of calories, vitamin C, folic acid, and calcium. The plasma LDL-cholesterol levels in the obese group were higher compared to the other groups. In conclusion, intake of nutrients among male college students is found to be insufficient and requires nutritional education. The under weight group showed regular eating habits and increased nutrient intake. The obese group was shown to need more exercise with higher intakes of vegetables and fruits.

The objective of this study was to identify the nutritional risk factors by blood analysis, in 1,083 preschool children of age 3 to 6 years. The frequency of anemic children was 7.3% with Hb<11.1 g/dL, 29.9% with ferritin<20 ng/mL, and 16.7% with transferrin Fe saturation(%)<15%. The prevalence of anemia in these children were 12.8% for those with MCV<79 fL, and it was 71% for those with TIBC>400 μg/dL. Serum ferritin concentration was 20 ng/mL in the normal children. Thirty two percent of the children had anemia with Hb<12 g/dL, which is below the normal range of Hb. Exactly 15.4% of the children had serum Fe concentration of 60 μg/dL. The transferrin Fe saturation of the children (16.3%) was >15%. The serum ferritin concentration showed low correlations with Hb, Fe, transferrin Fe saturation, and MCV. The transferrin Fe saturation, higher Hb concentration, MCV, and Hct values were increased significantly. Consequently, iron-deficiency anaemia was thus defined as having Hb concentration <12 g/dL accompanied by ferritin concentration <20 ng/mL or Hct <33%.

본 연구는 50~64세의 성인 남자를 대상으로 설문지를 통 해 일반사항, 건강관심도, 흡연 습관, 식습관 조사, 식생활 평 가 및 영양소 섭취 상태를 조사하였다. 1. 직업의 종류로는 비흡연군는 전문직, 흡연군의 경우는 영업직이 가장 많은 비율을 차지하였다(p<0.05). 한 달 수입 은 조사 대상자의 29.8%가 500만원 이상이라고 답하였으며, 한 달 용돈은 전체 조사 대상자의 58.7%가 20만원 이상이라 고 답하였다. 2. 흡연군(42.0%)은 비흡연군(67.2%)에 비해 건강에 대한 관심도가 낮았으며, 운동을 하는 비율(비흡연군의 85.9%, 흡 연군의 50.0%)도 낮게 조사되었다. 3. 흡연 습관을 보면, 흡연은 처음 군대에서 호기심으로 시 작한 비율이 높았으며, 하루에 흡연량은 10개피 이상 피는 비 율이 68.0%로 조사되었다. 흡연자의 88.0%는 금연을 시도한 적이 있지만, 대부분 의지 부족(62.0%)으로 실패했다고 응답 하였다. 4. 흡연군에서는 고지방 육류를 일주일에 두 번 이상 섭취 하는 비율이 높았으며, 비흡연군의 경우 54.7%는 고지방 육 류 섭취를 하지 않는 것으로 조사되었다(p<0.01). 비흡연군이 흡연군에 비해 세끼 식사를 규칙적으로 하는 것으로 조사되 었다. 5. 흡연군과 비흡연군에서 비타민 B2, 엽산 및 칼슘의 섭취 가 한국인영양섭취기준(2010)보다 매우 낮았다. 그러나 조사 한 영양소 중 나트륨의 섭취량은 두 군 모두에서 기준치(2010) 의 3배 이상을 섭취하는 것으로 조사되었다. 이상의 연구결과를 종합해 보면, 흡연군에 비해 비흡연군 에서 건강의 관심도가 높았으며, 고지방 육류의 섭취비율이 낮았고, 세 끼 식사를 규칙적으로 하는 것으로 조사되었다. 그러나 흡연군은 건강에 대한 관심도가 낮았고, 운동하는 비 율도 낮게 조사되었으며, 고지방 육류를 일주일에 두 번 이상 섭취하는 비율이 높았다. 영양소 섭취 상태에서는 두 군 모두 에서 비타민 B2, 엽산 및 칼슘의 섭취가 낮았고, 나트륨은 과 잉 섭취하는 것으로 조사되었다. 따라서 흡연자의 경우에는 육류의 섭취를 줄이고, 항산화 물질이 많이 함유한 과일이나 채소의 섭취를 늘리도록 유도해야 하며, 저염식을 위한 영양 교육이 실시되어야 할 것이다.

본 연구는 ICR-mouse를 실험군당 5마리를 공시하여 식이에 산벚나무 씨앗 기름 및 옥수수 기름을 첨가하여 배합한 사료의 섭취가 쥐의 혈중 지질 수준에 미치는 영향을 비교․ 분석하였다. 1. 산벚나무 씨앗에는 palmitic acid, oleic acid 및 linoleic acid 등이 함유되어 있으며, linolenic acid와 erucic acid가 소량 함유되어 있다. 2. 산벚나무 씨앗 기름의 항산화 값(DPPH)은 4.63%로 나 타났으며, 신장의 무게는 다른 두 군에 비해 산벚나무 씨앗 기름을 섭취한 군(1.24±0.22 g)에서 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 3. 산벚나무 씨앗 기름을 섭취한 군에서 HDL-cholesterol 농 도는 가장 높았으며, 혈중 LDL-cholesterol 농도는 가장 낮았 다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과를 정리해 보면, 산벚나무의 씨앗 기름의 지방 산 조성은 다른 식물성 씨앗 등의 지방산 조성과 큰 차이가 없었으며, 혈중의 HDL-cholesterol 농도를 높여주는 반면에, LDL-cholesterol 농도는 낮추어 주는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 산벚나무의 씨앗 기름을 현재 유지 자원으로 사용되고 있는 참깨나 들깨와 같이 식용유지 자원으로 개발하기 위해서는 Choi 등(2012)의 연구에서 지적했듯이 씨앗 기름의 항산화 효과, 산패 진행 정도 및 인체에 미치는 영향 등의 지속적인 연구가 이루어져야 한다고 사료된다.

This study is conducted to compare the problems affecting dietary habits and health status between a long-term exercise group and non-exercise group of males older than 50 years. Most subjects of the two groups consider regular exercise to be the most important factor for maintaining health, and recognize hypertension as the number one concern. The most common nutritional supplement among subjects is multiple vitamins, and sleeping time range from 6~8 hours. Breakfast fasting rate was 15.9% among non-exercise group (NEG), where overeating and eating out rates were higher among exercise group (EG) when comparing to NEG. Fasting rates of breakfast, and consumption rates of milk and dairy products, vegetables such as kimchi, and fruits and fruit juices are higher among the EG. Overeating and eating out rates are lower among NEG, whereas eating rates of proteins like meat, fish, eggs, beans, fried foods, high-fat meats carbonated drinks, ice cream, and salt intakes are higher. Rates of health, dietary habits, and nutrient intakes are higher among EG. Energy intakes among the two groups were below the standard level, Vitamin B2 intake is low in EG, and folic acid and calcium intakes were higher in NEG. The exercising group care more about health, eating habits and nutrient intakes, and low smoking rates are being observed. Thus, specific dietary improvement programs for adult men, are required, and it is necessary to consider the practice of nutrition education.