본 연구에서는 악취숙련도 시험을 위한 PTM 물질로 현장시료의 적용가능성을 평가하기 위하여 하수처리장에 채취한 현장시료의 안정성과 채취 균질성을 조사하였다. 또한 현장시료를 PTM으로 사용하여 71개 악취검사기관의 공기희석관능법의 숙련도 시험을 실시하였다. 다양한 설정값(참여기관 또는 기준기관의 악취지수 평균값이나 중위수)를 기준으로 3가지 Z-score 평가법(표준편차 이용한 Z-score, Robust 표준편차를 이용한 Z-score, 목표표준편차를 이용한 Z-score)으로 숙련도의 통계적 분석을 하였다. 하수처리장 농축조에서 채취한 현장시료는 2일 동안 희석배수의 변화 없이 안정적이었고, 참여기관을 4 그룹으로 나누어 순차적으로 채취한 현장시료가 균질한 것으로 평가되었다. 이는 현장악취시료가 악취 숙련도 평가를 위한 PTM 물질로 적용 가능함을 의미한다. 숙련도 시험결과의 통계적 분석을 통해 참여기관의 숙련도 만족비율은 Z-score 평가법이나 설정값의 기준(참여기관 또는 참고기관으로 선택한 3개 대학의 악취지수 평균값이나 중위수) 보다는 목표표준편차(S*ref)값에 의존하였다. 숙련도 만족비율은 S*ref 값이 증가함에 따라 증가하였으며, PTM 시료의 분석결과에 대한 변동계수(CV) 0.13에 해당하는 목표표준편차값에서 숙련도 만족비율은 약 93∼96% 수준이었다.

The correlations among odor intensity, offensive substance concentration, and dilution factor were reviewed for the 12 designated offensive odor substances in this study. It is to propose new regulatory odor standards based on relationships between odor intensity and offensive substance concentration, as well as odor intensity and dilution factor at the site boundary which were obtained from the comprehensive reviews of the adequacy of current regulation standards. Changes in intensity were found to be necessary to reflect exponential changes in concentrations and dilution factors. The change of substance concentrations with respect to the dilution factor was found to be a relatively linear relationship. The thorough evaluations pf relationships among odor intensity, offensive substance concentration, and dilution factor led to the conclusion that the current regulatory standards were inadequate and the modification was necessary to reflect the new understandings. The new regulatory substance standards based on correlations with odor intensity for the 12 compounds were proposed. The proposed ammonia concentrations for the regulatory standard in the semi-industrial and industrial area were 15 ppm and 28 ppm, respectively. These are approximately 15 times higher than those of the current standards. For dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and isovaleraldehyde, the higher concentrations than those of current standards were also pro posed. The proposed regulatory standards of dilution factor in semi-industrial and industrial area were 25 and 50, respectively. It is found that proposed quantitative relationships among the odor intensity, the offensive substance concentration, and the dilution factor in this study turned out to be more adequate to Korean than the current ones.

This study was carried out to provide the stable and homogeneous sample for the proficiency test which was applied for the olfactory dilution method of the offensive odor. For this purpose, the relationship between VOCs concentration and air dilution test results were analysed. As the results, the mixture of 7.1 ppm of toluene and m-xylene were suitable as a low level of PTM(proficiency test material) for air dilution olfactory method. In addition, time stability and homogeneity between samples were investigated through the time of 6 hr ~ 48 hr. As the results, the stability of sample concentration with GC analysis was shown as 5.1% RSD for toluene and 6.8 %RSD for xylene, respectively. The stability of sample was 5.4 %RSD in terms of air dilution olfactory method.

This study aims to evaluate the relationship with the concentration and odor intensity using the odor sensory method for 5 types of aldehyde compounds and styrene. For the measurement, 13 panelists were selected by several criteria through a panel test. The estimation showed that the correlation of the concentration with odor intensity for the 12 compounds including of the sulfur compounds, ammonia, and trimethylamine can be reasonably expressed by the equation I = Aㆍlog C + B (I : odor Intensity, C : material concentration, A : material constant, B : constant). The equations show the sensivities of intensity change for the change of concentration. According to the increase of concentration the odor intensities for acetaldehyde and iso-valeraldehyde increase larger than for the other aldehydes. Regulation standards of 12 species of odor substance concentraton and odor intensity by using the correlation equation was reviewed for adequacy. It was evaluated that the regulation standards on site boundary in operation are too low for NH₃, DMDS, and iso-valeraldehyde and too high for TMA. The result of this study is suggested to be used as a base data for research on measures to improve the regulation standards for complex odor concentration on site boundary in operation.

This study aims to evaluate the relationship with the concentration and odor intensity using the odor sensory method for 4 types of sulfur compounds, ammonia, and trimethylamine. For the measurement, 13 panelists were selected by several criteria through a panel test. Panelists chosen for their closely similar sensitivities provide more reproducible values. The estimation showed that the correlation of the concentration with odor intensity for the 6 compounds can be reasonably expressed by the equation I=Aㆍlog C+B (I: Odor Intensity, C: material concentration, A: material constant, B: constant). The result of this study is suggested to be used as a base data for research on measures to improve the regulation standards for complex odor concentration on site boundary in operation, as well as a correlation between the concentration and odor intensity for the designated foul odor substances, and their characteristics.

The purpose of this study is to investigate that the evaluation of odor analysis is affected by the classification of the agency and the general properties of the odor analysts, including gender, age, smoking behaviour, the number of participation in odor assessment, etc, so as to improve reliability and skills in terms of the result of complex odors by the air dilution methods. The sample for complex odor used the field sample which aimed at the odor analysts in the agency. The general characterizations of the odor analysts have affected the results of the odor analysis. The values of odor evaluation obtained by female odor analysts were more delicate than male, and the value of the result was reduced when above 40 s analysts conducted the evaluation. Moreover, Non-smokers perceived odor more sensitive than smokers. The more experience of odor analysis odor analysts had, The less values of the result were assessed. On the other hand, there are no differences in the value of odor evaluation depending on theclassification of institutions that participate in odor investigation. In conclusion, the selection of odor analysts considered gender, age, smoking behavior, and experience may be required to determine the improved reliability of data in odor evaluation. Ideally, Non-smokers 20~40 years old who have no dysfunction for the olfactory sense can be suitable for being optimal odor analyst.

The aim of this study is to analyze the distribution of particulate matters including PM_2.5 which is known for severe adverse health effect than PM₁₀ in public facilities. The total 40 public buildings are investigated in this study and they are classified into 11 sub-groups as follows : child-care centers, medical centers, libraries, museums, bus terminals, ports, airports, railway terminals, subway stations, large-scale stores, and indoor parking lots. The mean concentration of PM₁₀ was 38.6㎍/㎥ and that of PM₁₀ in all studied facilities were lower than the Ministry of Environment's control standards. The average concentration of PM_2.5 was 27.2㎍/㎥ and that of PM_2.5 in 18 facilities were exceed the guideline of WHO (24h average value : 25㎍/㎥). The subway stations had the highest indoor level of particulate matters and the waiting area in bus terminals, railway terminals, indoor parking lots had followed in order. When comparing mean value of I/O ratio of PM₁₀, the only I/O ratio of subway stations were greater than one. In the case of PM_2.5, however, the average concentrations of PM_2.5 in indoors of subway stations, bus terminals, and indoor parking lots were higher than those of PM_2.5 in outdoors. The mean concentration of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 were gradually increased between 6 A.M and 10 A.M and after 6 P.M in most of target buildings with increasing the number of users in thest facilities.

This study was aimed to evaluate the relationship between the concentration and dilution factor (ratio) using the Air Dilution Olfactory Method, which is suggested in the Standard Method of Odor Compounds, by measuring dilution factor for 5 types of aldehyde compounds and styrene. For the measurement, 13 panelists were selected by several criteria through panel test. Panelists chosen for their closely similar sensitivities provide more reproducible values. The estimation showed that the correlation of the concentration with dilution factor for the 12 compounds including the sulfur compounds, ammonia, and trimethylamine can be reasonably expressed by the equation log C=Af∙logD+F(Af: material constant, F: constant). The result of this study is suggested to be used as a base data for research on measures to improve the regulation standards for complex odor concentration on site boundary in operation, as well as a correlation between the concentration and dilution factor for the designated foul odor substances, and their characteristics.

Since 2011, proficiency test for the air dilution olfactory method started in Korea for the evaluation of the authorized odor inspection agencies’ analysis skill. For this purpose, sulfur compounds of PTMs (proficiency test materials) were made and investigated for the application to the proficiency test as a complex malodor sample. Time stability and homogeneity between samples were analysed for the PTM which was made with 10 ppm of DMS and 10 ppm of DMDS. As the results, the stability of sample concentration with GC analysis was shown around 6%RSD through the time of 6~48 hr. In addition, dilution number during the same test period appeared almost stable, less than 6%RSD in air dilution olfactory method. The reproducibility results of four laboratories showed very similar results except one lab which was caused by the elder panel characteristics.

This study aims to evaluate the relationship with the concentration and dilution factor using the Air Dilution Olfactory Method, which is suggested in the Standard Method of Odor Compounds, by measuring dilution factor for 4 types of sulfur compounds, ammonia, and trimethylamine. For the measurement, 13 panelists were selected by several criteria through a panel test. Panelists chosen for their closely similar sensitiviyies provide more reproducible values. The estimation showed that the correlation of the concentration with dilution factor for the 6 compounds can be reasonably expressed by the equation logC=AfㆍlogD+F (Af: material costant, F: constant). The result of this study is suggested to be used as a base data for research on measures to improve the regulation standards for complex odor concentration on site boundary in operation, as well as a correlation between the concentration and dilution factor for the designated foul odor substances, and their characteristics.

1986년 AASHTO 설계법에서 회복탄성계수를 이용한 다짐관리 기법이 제안된 이후, 국내외에서 경험적 설계법에서 역학적-경험적 설계법으로 전환되고 있다. 10여년의 연구결과 노상 다짐관리는 기존의 다짐도와 평판재하시험에서 평판재하시험 및 소형 충격 재하시험, 동적 콘 관입시험으로 전환되어질 예정이다. 본 연구에서는 노상 재료의 물성치와 구조해석을 통해 한국형 도로포장 설계법에서 제시된 회복탄성계수 예측식을 검증하였으며, 실제 평판재하시험, 소형충격재하시험, 동적 콘 관입시험등의 현장시험을 통해 경험적 모델로 추정된 회복탄성계수와 현장 탄성계수 측정값간의 상관관계식들을 개발하였다. 또한 제안된 상관관계를 이용하여 현장시험을 통한 노상의 다짐관리방안을 제안하였다.

This research determined the threshold value of 12 specified offensive odor substances based on the 3 point comparison sensory method. The panelist’s thresholds were calculated by taking the arithmetic, geometric mean, and 50th percentile. Three methods of calculating the odor thresholds from the same data are compared. For 12 odor substances, the panelist’s thresholds were showed logarithmically normal distribution. The 50th percentile was the best method among the three methods of caculating the odor threshold from the 72 panel’s thresholdes. As a result, the threshold values of individual odor substances, including methyl mercaptane, hydrogen sulfide, trimethylamine, and i-valeraldehyde ranged between 0.0001~0.001 ppm, while the values of styrene and ammonia were relatively higher than of other substances at 0.089 ppm and 3.2 ppm, respectively. The threshold values of the 12 specified odor substances were compared in Korea and overseas, which showed that the characteristics of sensory response varied by substance and nation.

국내에서 일반적으로 보조기층재료로 사용되고 있는 보조기층 다짐재료의 역학적 특성을 반영한 실내 회복탄성계수는 역학적-경험적 포장설계법에서 적용하는 설계 인자이다. 따라서, 역학적-경험적 포장설계법의 보조기층 현장에서 실시하여야 하는 다짐관리는 다짐 후 측정된 현장 탄성계수가 설계에 적용된 실내 회복탄성계수를 만족하는지 여부를 확인하여야 할 것이다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 기존 다짐관리 시험인 들밀도 시험과 평판재하시험(PBT)의 시험결과와 현장탄성계수와의 상관성을 분석하였고, 현장에서 탄성계수를 측정할 수 있는 소형 충격 재하시험(LFWD)을 통한 현장탄성계수와 실내 회복탄성계수와의 상관관계식과 시험간격을 제안하였다. 또한 제안된 상관관계를 이용하여 현장시험을 통한 보조기층의 다짐관리방안을 제안하였다.

This study aims to understand the correlation between odor intensity and dilution factor using the Air Dilution Olfactory Method, which is suggested in the Standard method of Odor Compounds, by measuring odor intensity and dilution factor for NH₃, TMA and styrene. For the measurement, 13 panel members were selected through a panel test, and odor intensity and dilution factor by substance produced from the selected panel were estimated. The estimation showed that the correlation of odor intensity with dilution factor for NH₃, TMA and styrene can be reasonably expressed by the equation [I=AㆍLog D +0.5]. The result of this study is suggested to be used as a base data for research on measures to improve the regulation standards for complex odor concentration at a boundary site in operation, as well as a correlation between odor intensity, concentration and dilution factor for the designated odor substances, and their characteristics.

This study aims to produce the threshold values of 12 specified offensive odor substances based on the 3 point comparison method instead of the 2 point comparison method of ASTM or CEN. As a result, the threshold values of individual odor substances, including Methyl mercaptane, Hydrogen sulfide, Trimethylamine, and I-Valeraldehyde ranged between 0.0001∼0.001ppm, while the values of Styrene and Ammonia were relatively higher than of other substances at 1.8ppm and 0.04 ppm respectively. The threshold values of the 12 specified odor substances were compared in Korea and overseas, which showed that the characteristics of olfactory response varied by substance and nation. When it comes to acetaldehyde or hydrogen sulfide, western countries, including the United States, tended to quite insensible compared to Koreans. Japanese people were more sensitive in the 12 specified odor substances than Koreans in general, suggesting that it is not only because of its olfactory ability, but because of the calculation method that produces Japan‘s dilution threshold values approximately 1.5 times as high as Korea"s.

This study aims to understand the correlation between odor intensity and dilution factor using the Air Dilution Olfactory Method, which is suggested in the Standard method of Odor Compounds, by measuring odor intensity and dilution factor for 5 types of carbonyl compounds. For the measurement, 13 panel members were selected through a panel test, and odor intensity and dilution factor by substance produced from the selected panel were estimated. The estimation showed that the correlation of odor intensity with dilution factor for the 5 carbonyl compounds can be reasonably expressed by the equation [I = AㆍLog D + 0.5]. The result of this study is suggested to be used as a base data for research on measures to improve the regulation standards for complex odor concentration at a boundary site in operation, as well as a correlation between odor intensity, concentration and dilution factor for the designated odor substances, and their characteristics.

This study was conducted to show the odor emission characteristics between the well maintained environment fundamental facility and the poorly maintained environmental facility. It also draws major components of odor emission based on facilities, stages, and suggest the proper way to reduce the level of odor for insufficient facilities. Insufficient facilities" air direct sensory and air dilution value levels are following: foodwaste ＞ livestock ＞ wastewater ＞ night-soil ＞ sewage. For the sewage and waste water facilities, the common characteristic of odor emission on each fundamental facility showed higher air dilution value in depositing reservoir and concentrator. And sulfur and aldehyde compounds came out to be the major odor causing components. In the case of night-soil and livestock facilities, the air dilution value was high in flow equalization tank and liquid erosion tank. And sulfur as well as ammonia component was the major malodorous substance. Foodwaste facility showed higher air dilution value than other facility, which sulfur and acetaldehyde compounds were acting as major malodorous substances.