본 연구는 hesperidin과 hesperidin의 aglycone 형태인 hesperetin의 2,2'-azobis (2-aminopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)에 의해 신장 독성이 유도된 쥐에서 신장 보호 효과에 대해 연구하였다. Hesperidin과 hesperetin은 200 mg/kg/day의 농도로 7일간 위내투여하였으며, AAPH를 복강주사하여 급성 신장 손상을 유도하였다. 이 후 쥐의 신장 조직에서 지질과산화 함량, nitric oxide (NO) 생성량, catalase 효소 활성을 측정하였으 며, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) 및 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) 단백질 발현량을 측정하였다. AAPH로 신장 독성을 유도한 control군의 신장 내 지질과산화 및 NO 생성량은 신장 독성을 유도하지 않은 normal군에 비해 유의적으로 증가하여 산화적 손상이 유도됨을 확인하였다. 반면 hesperidin과 hesperetin를 투여했을 때 신장 내 지질과산화 및 NO 생성량이 control군에 비해 유의적으로 감소하여 산화적 스트레스 개선 효과를 확인하였다. Hesperidin과 hesperetin을 투여한 군의 경우 신장 내 항산화 효소인 catalase 활성을 유의적으로 증가시켰다. 뿐만 아니라, hesperidin과 hesperetin의 투여는 AAPH로 신장독성을 유도한 control군 100% 대비 NF-κB 단백질을 각각 66% 및 71%로, iNOS 단백질 발현을 각각 46% 및 33%로 억제시켰다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 hesperidin과 hesperetin의 투여가 항산화 활성 조절을 통해 AAPH로 유도된 신장 독성을 억제하는 것을 알 수 있었다.

본 연구에서는 점근해석 및 논로컬 이론에서 요구하는 4차 이상의 고차 미분근사를 수행하기 위하여 계방정식에 혼합변분이론을 적용하여 MLS 차분법으로부터 구해지는 고차 미분근사의 정확도를 큰 폭으로 향상시킨다. 또한, MLS 차분법에 존재하는 세 가지 조건변수에 따른 고차미분근사의 정확도를 비교·분석한다. 혼합변분이론의 합응력을 후처리하여 변위의 미분을 근사할 경우 기존의 변위장 기반 계방정식의 차분 결과에 비해 미분 차수가 2차 낮아진다. 해석 범위내 절점 수가 과도하게 많거나 기저 차수가 클 경우 MLS 차분법의 영향영역 내에서 과적합(overfitting)이 발생한다. 또한 영향영역이 최적 범위 이상으로 넓어질 경우 근사의 정확도가 떨어진다. 위 내용을 사인 하중을 받는 단순지지보 수치예제로부터 확인하였다.

본 연구에서는 다공성 보와 논로컬 매개변수 사이의 관계에 대한 유한요소해석을 수행한다. 논로컬 매개변수는 다공성 보의 결함을 표현하는 변수들로 정의하여, 하중조건 및 경계조건에 대한 수치모사를 통해 계산한다. 다공성 보와는 반대 개념의 결함을 가지는 보에 대한 해석도 수행하였다. 이러한 보들의 거동은 논로컬 매개변수의 항으로 표현하였으며, 이 매개변수는 구멍의 지름의 제곱 그리고 원기둥 지름의 세제곱에 비례하는 것을 확인하였다. 특히 작은 원기둥을 가지는 보에 축하중을 가하는 경우, 예상과는 다르게 3 차원 유한요소 해석 결과와 2차원 평면응력 해석 결과는 다름을 알 수 있었다.

Twenty four covered barley cultivars of Korea and subsequently produced malts were evaluated for quality characteristics, diastatic power (DP), and enzymatic actvity. Protein, amylase, starch and β-glucan content of covered barley cultivars were 8.2-12.8%, 4.2-19.1%, 47.9-59.7%, and 4.1-7.4%, respectively. The DP of malt during malting showed a maximum value in Day 4, when the bud length was 2.0-2.5 times longer than the length of the grain itself. α-Amylase activity was very low but increased significantly after Day 4, showing greatest activity on Day 6 (185.5-206.1 unit/g). β-Amylase activity increased as the malting progressed and a considerable amount was detected in barley grain on Day 6 (898.6-1591.6 unit/g). The potential diastatic power (PDP) of various cultivar grains ranged from 89.7 °L to 169.3 °L. The PDP of raw barley had strong correlation with β-amylase of raw barley (r=0.977, p<0.001) while the DP of malted barley was also correlated with the β-amylase activity of raw barley (r=0.654, p<0.001). Since the PDP of raw barley and the DP of malted barley are correlated (r=0.644, p<0.001), the PDP and β-amylase activity of raw barley are useful factors in predicting the DP of malted barley.

Two sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L. Moench cv. Hwanggeumchal-susu and Miryang 3) samples were milled using different milling methods, and their physicochemical properties were tested. Particle size was classified into five groups such as pin mill and low temperature-microparticulation(LTM; 10, 000, 20, 000, 30, 000, and 40, 000 rpm). The water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index(WSI), and a rapid Visco analyzer(RVA) were used to examine particle size distribution and color differences. Particle size of sorghum flour prepared using LTM was lower than that prepared using a pin mill. Particle size was further reduced by successive dry milling of the LTM flour. Lightness of colored pigments increased when particle size decreased. The WAI of Miryang 3 pin milling(M1) flour was the lowest after LTM, and WSI was higher in the order of M2, M3, M4, and M5. LTM sorghum flour had significantly higher pasting viscosity, as determined using a rapid Visco analyzer. LTM Miryang 3 sorghum flour(M2～M5) flour showed lower breakdown viscosity and higher final viscosity compared to those of M1 flour, resulting in an increased setback value.

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is a prevalent pathogen that causes significant yield reduction in soybean production worldwide. SMV belongs to potyvirus and causes typical symptoms such as mild mosaic, mosaic and lethal necrosis. SMV is seed-borne and also transmitted by aphid. Eleven SMV strains, G1 to G7, G5H, G6H, G7H, and G7a were reported in soybean varieties in Korea. A reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) method allowed one-step detection of gene amplification by simple procedure and needed only a simple incubator for isothermal template. This RT-LAMP method allowed direct detection of RNA from virus-infected plants without thermal cycling and gel electrophoresis. In this study, we designed RT-LAMP primers named SML-F3/B3/FIP/BIP from coat protein gene sequence of SMV. After the reaction of RT-LAMP, products were identified by electrophoresis and with the detective fluorescent dye, SYBR Green I. under daylight and UV light. Opmtimal reaction condition was at 58℃ for 60min and the primers of RT-LAMP showed the specificity for nine SMV strains tested in this study.

Generally, the virus was detected by the ELISA using the serological method and RT-PCR based on the genetic information. Recently, NGS (next-generation nucleotide sequencing) has been used in genome analysis and diseases diagnostics. To identify distribution aspects of viruses, we collected diseased samples twice in soybean breeding field. After extraction of total RNA from the collected bulk samples, RNA was sequenced by the NGS method. The NGS data were analyzed using the bioinformatics software. With newly produced NGS data, the identification of distribution aspects of organisms in field was estimated in this study. Sequence based identification method should be more accurate diagnostic tools of the target diseases and be able to predict occurrence of potential and new pathogens. NGS method will also provide the basic data by identifying the distribution of using bacteria. In this study, we analyzed the extracted RNA from the collection of approximately 3000 samples. Consequently, we confirmed the following types: the 7,089 kinds of bacteria including Burkholderiaceae, the 13,397 kinds of Eukaryota, the 952 kinds of viruses from the first bulk samples, the 4,160 kinds of bacteria including Burkholderiaceae, the 10,475 kinds of Eukaryota, and the 576 kinds of viruses from the second bulk samples

본 연구는 고 전분 함유 유용 유전자원 선발 및 콩 우량품종 육성의 기초자료로 활용하고자 국내 콩 주요 품종 및 보존 유전자원의 전분함량과 변이 양상을 분석하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1.총 2354점 국내 콩 주요 품종 및 보존 유전자원에 대한 요오드-전분 반응에 의한 착색 정도에 따라 1에서 4등급으로 분류를 하였으며, 대부분의 콩 유전자원이 2∼3등급으로 분류되었고, 가장 강한 착색 반응을 보인 4등급으로 126점의 유전자원이 선발되었다2.전분함량의 정량적 분석을 수행한 결과, 1, 2등급으로 분류된 유전자원 Daewang, Soheonje, Jyuiku #109는 각각 0.57, 0.45, 0.54%의 낮은 전분함량을 나타내었다. 반면, 4등급으로 분류된 유전자원은 2.81∼4.55%의 상대적으로 높은 전분함량을 보여 요오드-전분 반응법은 유전자원의 대량검정에 유용하게 이용할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.3.각 유전자원에서 전분함량의 차이가 다른 구성 성분의 함량에 영향을 미치는지를 알아보기 위해, 조단백질함량, 조지방함량, 수분함량을 각각 측정하였다. 전분함량의 변화는 조단백질 함량 변화에 영향을 미치며, 조지방과 수분함량의 변화에 영향이 없음을 확인하였다.

We investigated Arctic plants to determine if they have a specific mechanism enabling them to adapt to extreme environments because they are subject to such conditions throughout their life cycles. Among the cell defense systems of the Arctic mouse-ear chickweed Cerastium arcticum, we identified a stress-responsive dehydrin gene CaDHN that belongs to the SK5 subclass and contains conserved regions with 1 S-segment at the N-terminus and 5 K-segments from the N-terminus to the C-terminus. To investigate the molecular properties of CaDHN, yeast were transformed with CaDHN. CaDHN-expressing transgenic yeast (TG) cells recovered more rapidly from challenge with exogenous stimuli, including oxidants (hydrogen peroxide, menadione, and tert-butyl hydroperoxide), high salinity, freezing and thawing, and metal (Zn2+), than wild-type (WT) cells. TG cells were sensitive to copper, cobalt, and sodium dodecyl sulfate. In addition, the cell survival of TG cells was higher than that of WT cells when cells at the mid-log and stationary stages were exposed to increased ethanol concentrations. There was a significant difference in cultures that have an ethanol content >16%. During glucose-based batch fermentation at generally used (30℃) and low (18℃) temperatures, TG cells produced a higher alcohol concentration through improved cell survival. Specifically, the final alcohol concentrations were 13.3% and 13.2% in TG cells during fermentation at 30℃ and 18℃, respectively, whereas they were 10.2% and 9.4%, respectively, in WT cells under the same fermentation conditions. An in vitro assay revealed that purified CaDHN acted as a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenger by neutralizing H2O2 and a chaperone by preventing high temperature-mediated catalase inactivation. Taken together, our results show that CaDHN expression in transgenic yeast confers tolerance to various abiotic stresses by improving redox homeostasis and enhances fermentation capacity, especially at low temperatures (18℃).