Black phosphorus (BP) is incorporated in the electrochemical detection of uric acid (UA) to form few layers of BP nanosheets (BPNS)-modified glassy carbon electrodes (BPNS/GCE), investigated by means of ultrasound-assisted liquid-phase exfoliation. We find a significant increase in the peak current magnitude and positive potential shift in the electrochemical response of BPNS/GCE, which may be attributed to the larger specific surface area and good charge transfer ability of BPNS. Further, the electrochemical response of BPNS/GCE is evaluated under different conditions to achieve the optimal conditions. UA detection using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) shows linear response within the range of 1–1000 μM with a detection limit of 0.33 μM. This work reveals new applications of BP nanomaterials in the electrochemical sensing, thereby promoting further advancement in terms of practical applications of two-dimensional nanomaterials.

Diversity has long been discussed to impact on firm innovation (Arun and Joseph, 2021; Tshetshema and Chan, 2020; Xie et al., 2020; Zhan et al., 2015; Ostergaard et al., 2011). On the one hand, the value of diversity literature suggests that employee’s diverse knowledge is a key driver of competitive advantage at organizational level (Lungeanu and Contractor, 2015; Teece, 2009; Chandler, 2001; Grant, 1996). Employees with diverse knowledge, experience and skills benefit the firms by creating more innovation opportunities via triad-and-error or knowledge combination approaches (Quintana-Garca and Benavides-Velasco, 2008). They extend organizational routines and search activities (Dosi, 1988), and increasing absorptive capacity (Zahra and George, 2002) and organizational learning (van der Vegt and Janssen, 2003). The integration of different resources and knowledge embodied and embedded across the diversified employees within a firm generates new products (Grant, 1996). On the other hand, some empirical studies found that employee diversity result in conflict, division and disbanding of the innovation teams. It creates stereotyping, and in-group/out-of-group and cognitive biases (Williams and O’ Reilly, 1998). For example, gender diversity can create emotional conflicts, reducing team performance (Pelled et al., 1999), and the quality of new ideas may be reduced (Cave and Valentine, 1999). Thus, it is very difficult for firms to manage the employees with diverse cognitive and demographic backgrounds (Joshi and Roh, 2009; Harrison and Klein, 2007; Williams and O’s Reilly, 1998), and eventually get benefits of it (Roberge and Dick, 2010). Employee diversity “appears to be a double-edged sword, increasing the opportunity for creatively as well as the likelihood that group members will be dissatisfied and fail to identify with the group” (Milliken and Martins, 1996, p.403; Zhan et al., 2015; Gonzalez-Moreno et al., 2018).

In order to solve the problem of improper thrust distribution of each thruster of underwater vehicle, the PSO optimization algorithm is used to solve the problem of thrust distribution. According to the spatial layout of the thruster, the algorithm model of the underwater vehicle propulsion system is established. The thrust input is carried out under the broken line search trajectory, and the simulation verifies the thrust allocation results of the PSO algorithm and the traditional pseudo-inverse method. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional algorithm. First of all, the PSO algorithm can set the physical threshold for each thruster to prevent the thruster from having too much thrust. Secondly, it can ensure that the thruster can turn with a reasonable torque to prevent the robot from drifting due to the large thrust gap. This paper provides a theoretical reference for thrust distribution of underwater salvage robot, and has practical engineering significance.

The carbon-containing molecule can be used as an NMR probe to explore the acidic and structural features of various catalytic materials. Thereinto, although mesityl oxide (MO) has been extensively employed to determine the acidity of solution and ionic liquid systems, could it be utilized to characterize the acidic properties of solid acid catalysts? In this work, on the basis of a series of isolated Brønsted and Lewis acid models with varied acid strengths, the adsorption configurations and corresponding 13C chemical shifts of adsorbed MO molecules have been comprehensively studied by means of a theoretical investigation approach. Among them, both the 13C chemical shift difference between β and α carbon atoms (Δδ), and the 13C chemical shift of β carbon atoms (δ13Cβ) in adsorbed MO molecules were explicitly demonstrated to be closely related to the intrinsic acid strength of Brønsted acid sites. These correlations could be utilized to quantitatively scale the Brønsted acid strength of solid acid catalysts. Besides, a moderate relationship was theoretically derived for the relevant 13C NMR parameters and intrinsic Lewis acid strength.

Renewed interest in the reinforced carbon graphite composites has intrigued the community in the advanced materials fields. In this work, we present a simple carbon nanofibers reinforced carbon graphite composites synthetic method by incorporating mixture of coal tar pitch, synthetic graphite, pitch coke and the dispersion liquid of carbon nanofibers via liquid-phase mixing process. The impact of carbon nanofiber utilization on the microstructures and mechanical properties of carbon graphite composites are studied systematically. The covalent surface modification of carbon nanofibers effectively improves its microstructure and thereby promotes the carbon graphite composites’ dispersion behavior. We propose that a small amount of carbon nanofibers could promote the carbonization process of carbon graphite composites, facilitating the densification of carbon graphite composites and reducing the undesired open porosity. The amount of 0.7 wt % of carbon nanofiber concentration allows the enhancement of bend and compressive strength of carbon graphite composites up to 36.50 MPa and 60.46 MPa, increased by 167.9% and 146.9% compared with the pure carbon graphite composite, respectively. Our findings can be rationalized due to the improvement in the mechanical strength of carbon graphite composites could be attributed due to pull-out of carbon nanofibers from the matrix and bridging effect across the crack pores within the matrix.

Maritime navigation is an important mode of transportation in the country. With the development of the country and the world, there will inevitably be higher requirements for the safe transportation of ships in the future. Therefore, intelligent ships have become the latest research direction in ship design. And with the gradual development and improvement of big data and artificial intelligence technology in the industrial field, smart ships are an inevitable trend in the development of the shipbuilding industry. Smart ships need to maintain the stability of the ship to ensure the safety of the ship when operating at sea. Therefore, the research on the autonomous stowage of ballast water for smart ships in the future is very important. This paper analyzes the development background of intelligent ships, introduces the ship optimization model and optimization design algorithm, and speculates the future development direction of intelligent ships.

본 연구는 진로결정자기효능감, 진로동기, 진로성숙도와 각 변인 간의 영향 관계를 알아보는 목적이 있다. 이 연구는 연구 대상자가 중국 동북지역의 랴오닝성 심양시에 소재한 대학생 239명을 연구대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구 도구는 진 로결정자기효능감 척도, 진로동기 검사, 진로성숙도 척도를 사 용하였다. 분 연구에서 설정한 연구문제의 분석을 위해 수집된 자료는 데이터 코딩을 거쳐 통계프로그램인 SPSS 21.0을 사용 하여 통계분석을 실행하였다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫 째, 진로결정자기효능감이 진로성숙도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치 는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 진로결정자기효능감이 진로동기에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 진로동기가 진 로성숙도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같 은 연구결과는 직업교육 과정에서 진로에 대한 인식의 역할이 중요하며, 진로결정자기효능감 및 진로동기를 증진하는 것이 필요함을 느꼈다. 끝으로 본 연구의 후속 및 제한문제에 대하 여 논의하였다.

Pentachlorophenol (PCP), as one of the common pesticide and preservatives, is easily accumulated in living organisms. Considering the high toxicity of PCP, the development of an effective and sensitive inspection method to determine the residual trace amounts of PCP continues to be a significant challenge. Herein, a convenient and sensitive electrochemical sensor is constructed by modifying glassy carbon electrode with cerium dioxide ( CeO2) nanoparticles anchored graphene ( CeO2-GR) to detect trace PCP. Benefiting from the two-dimensional lamellar structural advantages, the extraordinary electron-transfer properties, as well as the intensive coupling effect between CeO2 nanoparticles and graphene, the afforded CeO2- GR electrode nanomaterial possesses excellent electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of PCP. Under the optimum synthetic conditions, the PCP oxidation peak currents of developed CeO2– GR sample exhibit a wide linear range of 5–150 μM. Moreover, the corresponding detection limit of PCP on the CeO2– GR electrode is as low as 0.5 μM. Apart from providing a promising electrochemical sensor, this work, most importantly, promotes an efficient route for the construction of highly active sensing electrode materials.

We report the discovery of four quasars with M1450 ≳ −25.0 mag at z ∼ 5 and supermassive black hole mass measurement for one of the quasars. They were selected as promising high-redshift quasar candidates via deep learning and Bayesian information criterion, which are expected to be effective in discriminating quasars from the late-type stars and high-redshift galaxies. The candidates were observed by the Double Spectrograph on the Palomar 200-inch Hale Telescope. They show clear Lyα breaks at about 7000–8000 ˚A, indicating they are quasars at 4.7 < z < 5.6. For HSC J233107-001014, we measure the mass of its supermassive black hole (SMBH) using its Civ λ1549 emission line. The SMBH mass and Eddington ratio of the quasar are found to be ∼108 M⊙ and ∼0.6, respectively. This suggests that this quasar possibly harbors a fast growing SMBH near the Eddington limit despite its faintness (LBol < 1046 erg s−1). Our 100% quasar identification rate supports high efficiency of our deep learning and Bayesian information criterion selection method, which can be applied to future surveys to increase high-redshift quasar sample.

《佩觽》는 오대 송초 郭忠恕가 저술한 자서로, 위진시대 이후 자형을 판별한 자서들의 종합 판이다. 이 책의 구성과 배열은 매우 독특한 형식적 특성을 지니고 있다. 구성은 “三科”와 “十 段”으로 나뉜다. “三科”는 이론 영역으로 “造字之旨”, “四声之作”, “传写之差”으로 설명되고 있다. “十段”은 구체적인 내용으로 표제자를 음가에 따라 열 가지로 배열하는 형식으로 구성되 어 있다. 결론적으로 이 책의 구성과 배열의 특성은 다른 자서에서 보기 어려운 특성을 지니고 있기 때문에 이 구성과 배열의 특성과 작용을 분석하는 것은 의미있는 연구 영역이다. 특히 지금의 문자학이 자전학 연구에서 중요한 가치와 의의를 지닌다.

지리적 위치를 차지한 싱가포르는 외교 정책을 바꾸어 대국 간 의 균형 을 유지 해 왔 고 무역 친중 정치 친미의 '대독 전략'을 채택해왔다. 2016년은 싱가포르 대중 국 정책을 조정 한해였고 중미 무역 충돌과 전염병 상황의 영향을 받아 싱가포르 대중국 정책도 새로운 도전에 직면 했다. 현재의 국제 환경에 빨리 적응하기 위해 싱가포르는 대중국 정책을 점차적으로 조정하고 대중국의 우호를 계속 증진 시킨다. 본고는 싱가포르가 향후 유행기에 중국 외교정책에 대한 변화 추세를 분석하는데 중심을 두고 있다.

This study investigates the contexts in which emojis occur through co-occurrence, cluster, and association analysis of Airbnb tweets. Findings reveal these positive emojis tend to co-exist with several types of words representing conversation, emotion, activity, and marketing. This study contributes to the textual paralanguage literature in marketing.

중국과 방글라데시가 전략적인 협력관계를 맺은 후에, 양국의 관계는 빠른 속도로 성장해왔고 양국의 상호 협력도 강화되고 있다. 관광산업은 국가 간의 인문교류의 중요한 선두분야이다. 관광산업은 서로간의 이해, 문화교류 등을 통해 신뢰, 공동이익 창출, 상대 국민에 대한 긍정적 이미지 형성에 기여할 수 있고 지역간 교류, 인구이동, 물류, 자금이동 및 정보교류 등 많은 부분을 활성화시킬 수 있다. 중국과 방글라데시의 관광 산업협력은 많은 발전 가능성이 있으므로 향후 양국의 경제 및 무역의 새로운 성장점(New growth point)이 될 수 있다. 더불어 양국의 관광산 업협력으로 중국과 남아시아의 교류에도 크게 이바지할 수 있다. 본 논문은 중국-방글라데시 간 관광산업의 잠재력을 인지하여 양국의 관광산업협력 기반 및 장애요인을 파악했다. 그리고 이를 기반으로 양국의 관광산업 협력방안을 도출하였다.

For applications in cement-based materials, studies on carbon-based nanomaterials have been almost exclusively on carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, and graphite oxide. Graphene sheets (GPs), as a kind of carbon-based nanomaterials, show unusual mechanical, electrical, optical, and other properties. In this paper, the main focus is to enhance the effect of GPs by improving dispersion through ultrasonication and use of surfactant. Then, dispersion and stability are quantitatively measured by comparing absorbance spectra through spectrophotometry and qualitatively observed through digital imaging and SEM imaging. Therefore, the dispersing protocol is optimized and the most effective and stable dispersion is achieved. At last, the piezoresistivities under compressive load of GPs/cement composites pastes at different additions of GPs are studied by comparing with plain cement paste.

Digital channels have been rising to the major shopping paths from the past few years, yet it is interesting to notice that more and more digital retailers advance into offline channel nowadays due to the benefits. For example, the digital retailing giant Amazon opened its first bricks-and-mortar bookstore in 2015. Dell, which distributes its products only in the catalog and digital channels, entered the leading retail stores such as Best Buy and Walmart. The digital retailers’ strategy trend that moves into the real world reveals the unique and powerful capabilities of the offline distribution channel and the importance of launching products in the offline channel. Previous studies in marketing have investigated various complement and substitute impacts of offline channel introduction (i.e., Avery et al. 2012, Wang and Goldfarb 2017). However, most of the literature focus on the pc-based online channel and catalog, there is little research about the impact of offline channel introduction on smartphone-based mobile channel. Although mobile channel is similar to online channel in many ways (i.e., internet access and convenient shopping), it can be distinguished from online channel in terms of search and access, leading to a different interplay with offline channel. This research, therefore, aims to investigate how product launching in offline channel affects purchases in mobile channel versus online channel, and deepen the understanding by exploring the moderating effect of offline store intensity. Besides, we also explore the interaction between two digital channels: online channel and mobile channel. As most of the multi-channel retailers offer products in both online and mobile channels, it is incremental to know the interplay between these two digital channels. Using data from a representative multichannel retailer selling beauty products, we find the following three empirical results. First, product introduction in offline channel has a positive effect on online and mobile sales, and the effect is greater for mobile. Second, as offline store increases, the positive impact of offline product launch weakens on online channel, and even turns to negative once the number of offline stores reaches a threshold. However, the influence on mobile channel stays the same. The results reflect that the complementary interplay between offline and mobile channel is relatively stronger than between online channel. Finally, within the digital channels, online purchases only increase with the growth of sales performance within online channel, whereas mobile purchases are positively affected by both within mobile channel sales and across online channel sales. Our findings contribute critical academic and managerial implications for multichannel retailing.

Nostalgia refers to the sentimental longing for the valued past (Sedikides, Wildschut, & Baden, 2004). It is considered a bittersweet emotion, involving both wistful joy and sadness (Sedikides et al., 2004). Nostalgia is also a social emotion. Nostalgic memories typically center on social activities involving the self and close others (Wildschut et al., 2010). Prior research has mainly focused on the social and emotional nature of nostalgic narratives, and researchers have only recently started to investigate the motivations triggered by the process of recalling nostalgic narratives. For example, recalling a nostalgic event can heighten people’s motivation to savor such an experience and prolong it (Huang, Huang, & Wyer, 2016). In the current research, we posit that thinking about nostalgic events can trigger another motivation, namely, a desire to revive the past. Whenever people experience nostalgic feelings, they are likely to perceive differences between the present and their memorable past and desire to go back in time (Hepper et al., 2012; Sedikides et al., 2004). This motivation, once activated, can lead people to take actions to change their current state in the hope of reviving the past (Koole & Jostmann, 2004; Kuhl, 1985). This tendency of taking actions to make changes may generalize to subsequent unrelated situations (Kruglanski et al., 2002), and consequently increase consumer switching behavior (Jiang, Zhan, & Rucker, 2014). These predictions were tested across five studies in various consumption contexts. Our findings contribute to consumer research in two important ways, (a) by demonstrating a novel motivational impact of nostalgia on consumer behavior, and (b) by delineating a systematic influence of an unexplored but pervasive emotional factor— nostalgia—on consumer switching behavior. This research also offers practical implications. Conventional wisdom suggests that nostalgia can make consumers prefer products reminiscent of the “old days”. Our findings show that nostalgia can have broader implications for consumer choices and marketers may use it to manage consumer switching behavior.

Professor Petersmann has developed a constitutionalization theory for IEL based on Western constitutionalism theory in conjunction with human rights law. However, there is a paradox in his theory considering that he stresses ‘legal pluralism’ on the one hand, while calling for a cosmopolitan conception of IEL on the other hand. The hypothesis of this paper is that there are no ‘universalizable’ principles and common constitutional principles that can guarantee the compatibility between the two. Petersmann’s three often-used keywords, ‘human rights,’ “principles of justice,” and “judicial protection of individual rights,” are clarified in the context of Chinese thought and China’s progressive integration into the world economy. This paper finds that Petersmann’s theory focuses on bottom-up individual struggles, whereas Chinese thought is characterized by top-down overall consideration. The value divergence between the goodness of human nature in Chinese thought and the evil of human nature in Western thought makes ‘legal pluralism’ an insurmountable obstacle to a cosmopolitan conception of IEL.

Based on the inner-effect mechanism of transport infrastructure and regional economic growth, this paper builds a specialized spatial weight matrix by utilizing the panel data from 31 provinces in New Silk Road Economic Belt (NSREB) and other areas from 2005 to 2014, and combines with the spatial panel model to analyze the spatial spillover effects of transport infrastructure. According to the analysis, the transport infrastructure plays an obvious lead role in regional economy growth alongside the NSREB, and the economic growth invigorates common development in surrounding regions. In addition, differences were observed among the different transport infrastructure with regard to their influences on regional economic development, as the highway transport affects regional economic growth to a larger degree than railway transport.