In this study, we fabricated high quality color conversion component with green/red phosphor and low melting glass frit. The color conversion component was prepared by placing the green and red phosphor layer on slide glass via screen printing process. The properties of color conversion component could be controlled by changing coating sequence, layer thickness and heat treatment temperature. We discovered that optical properties of color conversion component were generally determined by the lowest layer. On the other hand, the heat treatment temperature also affected to correlated color temperature (CCT) and color rending index (CRI). The color conversion component with a green (lower) - red (upper) layer which was sintered at 550 oC showed the best optical properties: CCT, CRI and luminance efficacy were 3340 K, 78, and 56.5 lm/w, respectively.

Although companies have to concentrate on effort to save cost to survive competition, transportation costs are taking more portions in total sales costs due to globalization in the modern times. It is the reason why Transportation Management System TMS is getting more important. However, it is practically difficult for the system to fit to all of transportation environments and actually many problems are taking place with the system. Therefore, a new idea is necessary to solve such problems fundamentally rather than temporarily or superficially. To do so, if TRIZ, which is a theory that systematically establishes creative ideas on the basis of patent analysis, is employed, it can bring forth a guideline with some creative principles that can be applicable in drawing out innovative ideas based on conceptual shift. The present study aims to propose a methodology of how TRIZ should be applied to solve the problems that happen in TMS as a whole. Particularly, the study focuses on how to design customized TMS system that can be employed for each of different situations in a creative way.

Materials are limited for pest control and chemical pesticides are prohibited in organic farming. Thus, the concept of pest control may not be effective for pest management in organic farm. As an alternative approach, landscape management is potentially effective and useful approach for preventing pathogen and insect pests in organic farm. It is needed to develop best practices utilizing functional biodiversity for pest management through landscape management. For this purpose, we investigated the effect of companion plants on species richness of insect pests and natural enemies in the field border area and in the crop plants (rice and soybean). In rice paddy fields, Lysimachiae foenum-graecum, Saururus chinensis were selected as effective companion plants on the paddy field levee for conserving Arachnidae as natural enemy and density suppression of insect pest such as Lissorphoptrus oryzophilus, Riptortus clavatus. As a result, damage rate of rice plant by insect pests was significantly lower (2.5%) and yield rate of healthy grains was significantly higher (8.7%) than control. In soybean fields, Marigold plants such as Tagetes patula, T. officinalis, increased Arthropod species richness and ratio of natural enemy group, and decreased ratio of insect pest group. As a result, yield (weight of 100 seeds) of healthy soybean was significantly increased (2.5%) than control. The 2nd infection rate from damage by R. clavatus was significantly lower in the treated plot than that in control. Thus, yield rates of healthy soybean in the control and the companion plant-treated plot were 79.0% and 84.3%, respectively, compared to conventional farming using chemical pesticides. Therefore, use of companion plants on field border was an effective practices for preventing pest insects and increasing yield in organic farming.

본 연구는 인간의 생리적 지표 중 하나인 안면 피부온도를 활용하여 PMV 지표 값에 기반하여 조성된 쾌적/불쾌 실내 환경을 적절하게 구분할 수 있는지 그 타당성을 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 쾌적 실내 환경에 해당되는 PMV 지표 값을 기준으로 물리적 환경을 쾌적 실내 환경과 불쾌한 실내 환경으로 각각 구분하고, 구분된 환경내에서 재실자의 안면 피부온도를 측정하였다. 그 결과, PMV 지표 값으로 구분된 쾌적 실내 환경과 불쾌한 실내 환경에서의 재실자의 안면 피부온도가 서로 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 안면 피부온도가 PMV 지표에 기반한 쾌적한 실내 환경 조성에 있어 활용될 수 있음을 시사한다. 그러나 쾌적한 실내 환경에 비해 불쾌한 실내 환경에서 안면 피부온도가 낮게 나타나는 결과를 통해 오히려 PMV 지표 값에 기반을 두고 조성되는 쾌적/불쾌환경이 타당하지 않을 수 있음도 시사한다.

친수성 단량체를 polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) 분리막 표면에 열중합으로 lamination하여 분리막을 친수화하였 다. 친수화 처리 후 접촉각은 95°에서 55°까지 감소하였고 수투과량은 10배 이상 증가하였으며 bovine serum albumin (BSA) 흡착량은 1/4 수준으로 감소하였다. 열중합 공정에서 각 공정변수별 영향을 조사하였고 이를 최적화하였다. 단량체 중 dimethyl oxobuthyl acrylamide (DOAA)가 친수성이 높아 다른 단량체에 비하여 친수화 효과가 우수하였다. 단량체의 농도가 증가함에 따라 성능이 향상되었으나 30 wt% 이상의 경우 homopolymerization을 유발하여 성능을 저하시켰다. 개시제로 사용 되었던 azobis (isobutyronitrile)(AIBN)의 활성 온도 범위가 benzoyl peroxide (BPO)의 활성온도 범위보다 넓기 때문에 높은 친수화 효율을 나타내었다. 개시제를 먼저 도포시켜주고 단량체를 나중에 첨가하는 2단계 lamination 방식이 일괄 공급하는 1단계 방식보다 친수화도는 크게 향상됐지만 pore blocking현상이 나타나면서 순수투과도는 매우 감소하였다.

This paper is to develope the more comfortable shoes for preventing sprain and slippery for the elderly. The shoes adding layers were designed using the shoe-last based on the Korean anthropometric data. The anthropometric elderly, arbitrarily defined as

본 연구는 옥상녹화 토심에 따른 온도 및 열류량 차이를 알아보고자 수행하였다. 470×270mm 크기에 높이가 10cm, 20cm, 30cm인 플라스 틱 용기를 각각 12개씩 준비한 후 플라이애쉬(fly-ash)를 채워 잔디를 식재하여 실험구를 조성하였다. 이때 아무것도 식재하지 않은 옥상바 닥을 대조구로 하였다. 실험결과 온도저감은 토심이 깊을수록 크게 나타났으며, 최고온도와 최저온도 차이는 대조구가 29.5℃로 가장 크 게 나타났으며, 그 다음으로 토심 30cm 27.2℃, 20cm 23.5℃, 10cm 23.0℃ 순으로 나타났다. 각 실험구 표면과 토양 하부의 최대온도의 차 이를 살펴보면 토심 30cm가 18.4℃로 가장 높았으며, 그 다음으로 토심 20cm가 16.1℃, 10cm가 14.4℃로 나타났다. 최대온도 도달시간을 살펴보면 토심 30cm는 7시간 50분이 소요되었으며, 토심 20cm는 7시간, 10cm는 4시간 50분으로 나타났다. 열류량의 변화는 측정기간 중 일사량이 가장 높았던 날(873.3W․m-2)을 기준으로 대조구에서는 408.9W․m-2를 나타낸 반면에 토심 20cm -3.8W․m-2, 30cm 2.7W․m-2, 10cm 4.5W․m-2로 나타나 토심이 깊어질수록 열전달이 감소되는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면, 옥상녹화를 조성함으로써 표 면온도의 감소는 물론 외기온도가 전달되는데 지연효과로 인한 차열이나 단열효과로 발생하는 냉난방 에너지 절약으로 이어질 수 있을 것 으로 판단된다.

Domestic urban railway underground station structures, which were built in the 1970s ad 1980s, had been constructed as Cut-and-Cover construction system without seismic design. Because the trends of earthquake occurrence is constantly increasing all over the world as well as the Korean Peninsula, massive human casualties and severe properties and structures damage might be occurred in an non-retrofitted underground station during an earthquake above a certain scale. Therefore, to evaluate the retrofit effect and soil-structure interaction of seismic retrofitted underground station, a centrifugal shaking table test with enhanced stiffness on its structural main member are carried out on 1/60 scaled model using the Kobe and Northridge earthquakes. The seismic retrofitted members, which are columns, side walls, and slabs, are evaluated to comparing with existing non-retrofitted centrifuge test results Also, to simulate the scaled ground using variation of shear velocity according to site conditions such as ground depth and density, resonant column test is performed. From the test results, the relative displacement behavior between ground and structures shows comparatively similar in ground, but is increased on ground surface. The seismic retrofit effects were measured using relative displacements and moment behavior of column and side walls rather than slabs. Additionally, earthquake wave can be used to main design factor due to large structural deformation on Kobe earthquake wave than Norhridge earthquake wave.

This experiment was carried out to determine the treatment interval on neem product for control of Bemisia tabaci on eggplant using eco-friendly agriculture. We have investigated the control effect of B. tabaci, growth characteristics of eggplant, economics according to neem product treatment interval on eggplant. The longer neem processing interval tended to decrease control effect on nymphs of B. tabaci. Control effect of nymph of B. tabaci according to treatment interval of 3 days, 5 days, 7 days, 10 days, and 15 days were 96.7%, 89.7%, 76.1%, 73.4%, and 51.0%, respectively. This result was the same tendency in adult of B. tabaci control effects on eggplant. Growth characteristics of eggplant according to neem the treatment interval of 3 days, 5 days, and 7 days, was less damaged on of B. tabaci. However, the 10 days, 15 days, and untreated of neem treatment intervals were badly damaged by B. tabaci. Therefore, neem treatment interval of 3~7 days for control of B. tabaci was high control effect. However, it is considered to be the most suitable to process every seven days considering the economics and so on. The results of economic analysis from income of 7 days neem treatment interval was the most high as 19.505 thousand won per 10a and the most economical treatment for control of B. tabaci.

For elevated railway station on which track is connected with superstructure of station, structural vibration level and structure-borne-noise level has exceeded the reference level due to structural characteristics which transmits vibration directly. Therefore, existing elevated railway station is in need of economical and effective vibration reduction method which enable train service without interruption. In this study, structural vibration non-transmissible system which is applied to vibroisolating material for column member is developed to reduce vibration. That system is cut covering material of the column section using water-jet method and is installed with vibroisolating material on cut section. To verify vibration reduction effect and structural performance for structural vibration non-transmissible system, impact hammer test and cyclic lateral load test are performed for 1/4 scale test specimens. It is observed that natural period which means vibration response characteristics is shifted , and damping ratio is increased about 15~30% which means that system is effective to reduce structural vibration through vibration test. Also load-displacement relation and stiffness change rate of the columns are examined, and it is shown that ductility and energy dissipation capacity is increased. From test results, it is found that vibration non-transmissible system which is applied to column member enable to maintains structural function.

The purpose of this article is analyzing the impacts of climate change on red pepper yield in Korea, with employing a panel data regression model. Our results show that there is a negative impacts of high temperature and precipitation amount on red pepper yields. Especially high temperature and rainfall in July cause serious damage to red pepper yield. According to the reduction schedule on greenhouse gas emission(RCP 8.5 scenario.), red pepper yield would be 25.4% lower than it is, for reasons of high temperature and rainfall damages by the end of 21st century.