This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of adding CNC parameter monitoring functionality using OPC UA to the existing HMI for CNC grinding machines, specifically focusing on maintaining machining precision for ferrous materials despite changes in grinding wheel diameter post-dressing. Three workpieces, each ground with different wheel diameters (WD162.24, WD162.22, WD162.20), were subjected to profile error measurements at various angles within a ±4.0μm tolerance range. The elliptical shape of the workpieces required diameter measurements across a 90-degree section. Results indicated that, despite slight deviations, all workpieces remained within the specified tolerance range, demonstrating that the OPC UA-based monitoring system effectively maintains machining precision after wheel dressing. This suggests significant potential for improving grinding processes for ferrous materials using OPC UA-integrated CNC systems.

In response to the global transition towards carbon neutrality, there's an increasing emphasis on sustainable energy solutions, with offshore wind power playing a crucial role, especially in South Korea. This study presents an AI-based safety management system specifically designed for offshore wind operators. At the heart of this system is a machine learning algorithm that processes sensor data to automatically recognize human behavior and improve the accuracy of predicting worker actions and conditions. Such predictive analytics not only refines the analysis of behavioral patterns, but also increases the effectiveness of accident prevention. The results of this research are expected to significantly improve safety measures in offshore wind facilities and further sustainable energy initiatives.

Recently, as ESG management has become an important issue, major companies in the automotive parts manufacturing industry are conducting ESG evaluations of their suppliers for the purpose of supply chain management. The results of these evaluations are being incorporated into contractual agreements. However, many small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) are lacking in their capacity and resources to effectively respond to ESG evaluations. Furthermore, existing ESG management guidelines do not provide an industry-specific guidance, making it necessary to establish industry-specific guidelines that SMEs can refer to. Therefore, in this study, the evaluation Indicators of ESG supply chain assessments are surveyed, which is conducted by domestic major automotive parts companies and global automobile manufacturers. Then 56 supply chain ESG evaluation Indicators are derived. Also, ESG management indicators for SMEs is analyzed through the Importance-Performance Analysis(IPA), based on an interview of expert groups. Therefore, this study could propose industry-specific ESG guidelines, based on the results of the derived indicators, which reflects the need for SMEs to practice ESG management within certain boundaries.

ASL estimation of public building is based on how appropriate the maximum age of the asset is derived based on the age record of the asset in the statistical data owned by public institutions. This is because we get a 'constrained' ASL by that number. And it is especially true because other studies have assumed that the building is an Iowa curve R3. Also, in this study, the survival rate is 1% as the threshold value at which the survival curve and the predictable life curve almost coincide. Rather than a theoretical basis, in the national statistical survey, the value of residual assets was recognized from the net value of 10% of the acquisition value when the average service life has elapsed, and 1% when doubling the average service life has elapsed. It is based on the setting mentioned above. The biggest constraint in fitting statistical data to the Iowa curve is that the maximum ASL is selected at R3 150%, and the 'constrained' ASL is calculated by the proportional expression on the assumption that the Iowa curve is followed. In like manner constraints were considered. First, the R3 disposal curve for the RCC(reinforced cement concrete) building was prepared according to the discarding method in the 2000 work, and it was jointly worked on with the National Statistical Office to secure the maximum amount of vintage data, but the lacking of sample size must be acknowledged. Even after that, the National Statistical Office and the Bank of Korea have been working on estimating the Iowa curve for each asset class in the I-O table. Another limitation is that the asset classification uses the broad classification of buildings as a subcategory. Second, if there were such assets with a lifespan of 115 years that were acquired in 1905 and disposed of in 2020, these discarded data would be omitted from this ASL calculation. Third, it is difficult to estimate the correct Iowa curve based on the stub-curve even if there is disposal data because Korea has a relatively shorter construction history, accumulated economic wealth since the 1980’s. In other words, “constrained” ASL is an under-estimation of its ASL. Considering the fact that Korea was an economically developing country in the past and during rapid economic development, environmental factors such as asset accumulation and economic ability should be considered. Korea has a short period of accumulation of economic wealth, and the history of 'proper' architectures faithful to building regulations and principles is short and as a result, buildings 'not built properly' and 'proper' architectures are mixed. In this study, ASL of RCC public building was estimated at 70 years.

In this paper, we proposed and tested an indoor obstacle recognition and avoidance algorithm using vision and ultrasonic sensors for effective operation of drone with low-power. In this paper, the indoor flight of a drone is mainly composed of two algorithms. First, for the indoor flight of the drone, the vanishing point and the center point of the image were extracted through Hough transform of the input image of the vision sensor. The drone moves along the extracted vanishing point. Second, we set an area of interest so that the drone can avoid obstacles. The area of interest is a space where the drone can fly after recognizing an obstacle at a distance from the ultrasonic sensor. When an obstacle is recognized in the drone's area of ​​interest, the drone performs an obstacle avoidance action. To verify the algorithm proposed in this paper, a simple obstacle was installed in an indoor environment and the drone was flown. From the experimental results, the proposed algorithm confirmed the indoor flight and obstacle avoidance behavior of the drone according to the vanishing point.

본 연구는 국내에 자생하는 약용식물인 개똥쑥을 배지 재료로 활용하여 느타리 재배를 위한 적정 혼합비율을 설 정하였다. 개똥쑥의 첨가량에 따른 균사생육과 균사밀도를 조사한 결과 균사생육은 배양 23일 후 개똥쑥 5% 첨 가된 배지에서 12.7 cm였고, 대조구인 포플러톱밥+미강 (8:2)배지에서는 12.5 cm로 개똥쑥 첨가배지와 균사생육이 거의 비슷하였다. 그러나 개똥쑥 첨가량이 증가할수록 대조구 보다 균사생육이 느렸으며, 개똥쑥 70%에서는 2.1 cm로 거의 생육하지 못하였다. 개똥쑥 첨가량에 따른 균사밀도는 처리간에 뚜렷한 차이가 없이 높은 밀도를 보였다. 개똥쑥의 첨가량에 따른 느타리 자실체 특성을 조사한 결과 갓의 직경은 대조구보다 개똥쑥 첨가에서 높았지만, 갓의 두께는 대조구에서 조금 높았다. 대의 두께는 개똥쑥 15% 첨가에서 가장 높았고, 대의 길이는 개똥쑥 10%에서 가장 높았지만 대조구보다는 낮은 경향을 보였다. 수확기 자실체의 갓과 대의 색도를 측정한 결과 대의 L값은 개똥쑥 10%에서 가장 높았고, 갓의 L값은 개똥쑥 5%에서 가장 높은 경향을 보였고, a, b값은 처리간에 뚜렷한 차이가 없었다. 자실체 수량은 대조구가 119 g/850 ml였고, 개똥쑥 5%에서 122 g/850 ml으로 가장 높았고, 개똥쑥 첨가량이 증가할수록 수량은 감소되었다.

In this study, we developed and validated microanalysis methods for the determination of linear alkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS), sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), and alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS). The conditions for the analysis of the surfactants using HPLC with FLD, RID, and ELSD detectors were investigated. The methods were validated by determining the linearity, limits of detection (LODs), limits of quantification (LOQs), recovery, precision, and accuracy. LAS analysis by FLD revealed calibration curves that were linear in the range of 10-200 mg/L for an LAS mixture. The calibration curves for C10-C13 had correlation coefficients of 0.995, 0.997, 0.996, and 0.997, respectively. SLS analysis using RID generated a linear calibration curve in the range of 10-300 mg/L. The calibration curve for SLS C12 had a correlation coefficient of 0.9994. AOS analysis using ELSD resulted in a correlation coefficient of 0.9940. For LAS, the LODs and LOQs were 0.09-0.56 and 0.30-1.87 mg/L, respectively. For SLS C12, the LOD and LOQ were 0.07 and 2.33 mg/L, respectively. For AOS C14, the LOD and LOQ were 16.55 and 21.83 mg/L, respectively. The recoveries were 97.17-98.84% for LAS C10-C14, 97.94% for SLS C12, and 96.11% for AOS C14. The established methods provide acceptable precision and accuracy. Our methods could be useful for the detection of anionic surfactants in dishwashing detergents.

Pulpose : Although diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been widely used for the quantitative analyses of the integrity of white matter in the brain in clinical and research fields, quality assurance (QA) for DTI has not been fully established. The purpose of this study suggests a QA guideline for DTI using the American College of Radiology (ACR) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) head phantom. Materials and Methods : All experiments were performed using 1.5T and 3.0T scanners (InteraAchiva 1.5T and AchivaTx 3.0T; Philips Medical Systems, Netherlands) equipped with an 8-channel SENSE head coil. The standard axial SE T1-weighted MR images with 6, 15 and 32 directions of DTI were obtained using the standard scanning protocol “Phantom Test Guidance for the ACR MRI Accreditation Program” . Slice thickness and slice gap were set at 5 mm for standard axial SE T1 images and echo planar images, and then both images were compared. Reproducibility was tested with 7 repeat scans in 1.5T scanner and 10 repeat scans in 3.0T scanner. Between the scanning, the ACR MRI phantom was completely removed from coil and was repositioned for each new trial. Parameters for the QA protocol are shown in Table 1. The ACR MRI phantom was stored in the scanner room for at least 24 hours before an experiment, and the room temperature was measured before scanning for DTI. Results : There were statistically significant differences in the geometric accuracy between the 1.5T and 3.0T two scanners across all scan directions. The top-to-bottom diameters had a 11.3 mm error in 1.5T scanner and a 7.2 mm error in 3.0T scanner. Image intensity uniformity tests were significant in 6, 15, and 32 directions at 1.5T and 3.0T comparative analysis (p < 0.001). Additionally, percent signal-ghosting tests were significant in all directions, such as 6, 15 and 32 directions, in both 1.5T and 3.0T scanners (p < 0.001). The DTI images from 1.5T scanner had a ghosting ratio less than 0.025 at 1.5T scanner while 3.0T scanner had a ghosting ratio greater than 0.045. The low-contrast object detectability had a significant differences in 6, 15, 32 directions at 1.5T and 3.0T systems (p < 0.001). The DTI images from 1.5T system showed 2.85 spokes in 6 directions, 14.00 spokes in 15 directions, and 26.14 spokes in 32 directions. The DTI images from 3.0T system had 7.80 spokes in 6 directions, 32.20 spokes in 15 directions, and 37.30 spokes in 32 directions. Image distortion was significant in the anteriorposterior (AP) direction (p <0.001), but was not significant in right-left (RL) direction (p = 0.359). Image distortions in 1.5T scanner were 6.93 mm for the AP direction and 0.26 mm for the RL direction while the same for 3.0T system were 8.55 mm for the AP direction and 0.28 mm for the RL direction. For the FA and the ADC values, we acquired significant results in 6, 15, and 32 directions for 1.5T and 3.0T scanners (p < 0.001). The FA values were relatively lower for 3.0T system than for 1.5T system, and 32 directions for 3.0T scanner had the lowest value. The ADC values of 3.0T system were lower than those of 1.5T system, and 15 and 32 directions had the lowest values. Conclusion : This study is the first trial using the ACR MRI phantom that is easily accessible in most clinical MR centers. Also, the present study using the ACR MRI phantom suggests a QA method for DTI with high reproducibility and easy accessibility.

Methyl bromide (MB) has been banned by Montreal Protocol due to ozone depletion in developed countries since 2005 but uses for quarantine & pre-shipment (QPS) remains exemption. Current MB alternatives such as phosphine gas, ethyl formate has been showing their potential in terms of their no phytotoxic damages to target perishable commodities post fumigation as well as their efficacy at low temperature. We evaluated phosphine (PH3) gas as MB alternatives welsh onion, carrot, and lettuce fumigation. on sensitivity test, larvae of Aphis gossypii were most tolerant to PH3 among the all stage of A. gossypii, Tetranychus urticae and Plutella xylostella. The LC99 and LCT99 value of mixture gas for adult of A. gossypii was 1.79 mg/L (24hr, 5℃) and 33.56 mg h/L(5℃), respectively. On confirmation trials scheduled in 28m3 container for 24hr at 5℃, all stages of T. urticae was completely controlled in 2g/㎥ of phosphine gas, but A. gossypii and M. persicae were not completely controled. No phytotoxic damage was observed in vegetables.

Internet website is widely used as strategic mean for making profits as well as corporate advertisement. Therefore, website becomes necessary to evaluate for improving the efficiency of the website. Especially companies construct the website with differen

4차 산업혁명의 기술 중 3D 프린팅 기술의 소재에 따른 선량평가를 통해 볼루스 적용 가능성을 평가하 였다. 선량의 평가는 몬테카를로 방식의 MCNPX프로그램을 이용하였으며, 3D 프린트 물성은 ABS, PC, PL A 세 가지로 하였다. 그리하여 볼루스 10 mm와 동일한 효과를 보이는 두께를 산정한 결과 6 MeV 전자선의 경우 ABS 10 mm, PC 9 mm, PLA 9 mm로 나타났다. 6 MV X-선의 경우 ABS 11 mm, PC 10 mm, PLA 9 mm로 나타났다. 본 실험을 통해 3D 프린터 소재로 제작하는 조직등가물질이 볼루스를 대체할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

건강한 삶에 대한 현대인의 관심이 나날이 고조되고 있으며, 이에 따라 노화와 질병의 예방에 효과가 있는 항산화제의 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 특히 천연물이나 식품을 소재로 한 식이성 항산화제에 대한 연구는 꾸준히 증가하고 있는 추세이며, 천연물의 소재나 연구 분야의 폭이 매우 넓다. 본 연구는 고들빼기의 기능성 식품으로서 이용 가능성을 검토하기 위하여 동결건조 후, 각각의 용매(에탄올, 메탄올, 물)로 추출한 샘플을 DPPH radical 소거능, 아질산염 소거능, 총 페놀함량, 유기산 및 미생물함량을 측정하였다. 고들빼기 추출물에 대한 DPPH radical 소거능은 대체로 추출농도가 높아질수록 증가하는 경향을 보였고, 메탄올로 추출한 80% 희석액으로 추출했을 때 DPPH radical 소거능이 약 76.3%로 가장 높게 나타났다. pH가 증가함에 따라 아질산염 소거능은 감소하였고, 메탄올로 희석한 시료가 pH 1.2에서 77.8%으로 가장 높았다. 총 페놀 화합물 함량은 에탄올로 추출한 100% 희석액에서 76.7 mg GAE/g으로 가장 높았다. 고들빼기 김치의 유기산은 젖산, 구연산 순으로 높게 검출되었다. 저장기간이 길어질수록 총균수는 줄어들고, 유산균수함량이 증가하였다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때 고들빼기는 폴리페놀 함량이 풍부하고, DPPH, 아질산염 소거효과를 보여, 기능성 소재로서의 활용이 가능하리라 생각된다.

현재 대형 빌딩이나 공동주택에 건설되는 지하구조물은 건조수축, 시공이음, 폼타이부 등에서 콘크리트 균열로 인한 누수가 많이 발생되고 있다. 누수가 발생하게 되면 구조물의 지하공간은 결로, 곰팡이 등이 발생되어 지하 환경을 악화시키고 구조물의 콘크리트로 흡수되 면 철근의 부식 등을 유발하여 구조물의 안전을 위협한다. 이는 지하구조물의 사용과정에서 장기적인 쾌적성과 구조물에 안전성이 고려되지 않은 설계와 시공의 결과이며 누수 하자에 대하여 유도배수처리로 대응하기 때문에 근본적인 누수보수가 이루어지지 않아 지하구조물은 항시 누수를 허용하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 지하에 적용되는 방수공법을 내방수와 외방수로 분류하고 이를 바탕으로 지하구조물 과 유사한 간이시험체를 제작하였으며, 결로가 많이 발생되는 동절기의 온도조건을 기준으로 지하환경의 방수공법별 습도변화량을 분석할 것 이다.