This study was carried out to extract ginsenosides in by-products from honeyed red ginseng. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction conditions. Based on D-optimal design, independent variables were ethanol (extraction solvent) concentration (30-90%, v/v), extraction temperature (25-70oC), and extraction time (5-11 h). Extraction yield (Y1) and total ginsenosides (Y2) in the extract were analyzed as dependent variables. Results found that extraction yield increased with increasing extraction temperature and time, whereas it was decreased with increasing ethanol concentration. Similar trends were found for the content of ginsenosides in the extracts, except for ethanol concentration, which was increased with increasing ethanol concentration. Regression equations derived from RSM were suggested to coincide well with the results from the experiments. The optimal extraction conditions for extraction yield and total ginsenosides were an extraction temperature of 56.94oC, ethanol concentration of 57.90%, and extraction time of 11 h. Under these conditions, extraction yield and total ginsenoside contents were predicted to be 84.52% and 9.54 mg/g, respectively.

밤재배원에서 발생하는 밤바구미를 물리적으로 방제하기 위하여 침지처리 온도 및 시간별로 유충에 대한 방제효과와 밤 종실에 미치는 성 분변화 등을 조사하였다. 밤 종실내의 밤바구미 유충을 방제하기 위하여 다양한 온도조건(30, 35, 40, 45, 50℃)과 시간별(1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 22, 24시간)로 처리하여 방제활성을 조사하였다. 침지처리에 의한 밤 종실의 변화 조사로는 밝기(lightness), 적색도(redness), 황색도(yellowness) 등의 색도의 변화와 발아율, 부패율과 같은 생리적 변화, 경도(hardness)와 같은 물리적 변화, 수분함량과 유리당, 탄닌과 같은 성분변화를 조사 하였다. 침지처리를 이용한 밤바구미 유충의 방제 효과는 30℃에서 2시간 후부터 70%이상의 살충효과를 보였으며, 7시간 후부터는 100% 방제 효과를 보였다. 40℃에서는 2시간 후부터 90%의 효과를 보였으며, 45℃ 이상에서는 침지 처리 1시간 후부터 90%이상의 살충효과를 나타내었 다. 밤 종실에 대한 색도의 변화는 30℃와 35℃에서는 큰 유의차가 없었으나 40℃ 이상의 온도에서는 시간이 증가할수록 밝기, 적색도, 황색도 에 영향을 미쳤다. 발아율의 경우 침지처리에 대한 영향은 크지 않은 것으로 조사되었으나, 40℃ 이상의 온도조건에서는 침지시간이 증가할수록 부패율이 증가하는 것으로 조사되었다. 경도는 온도와 침지처리 시간이 증가할수록 감소하였다. 침지처리에 의한 종실 성분의 변화는 온도와 침 지처리 시간이 증가할수록 유리당함량이 감소하였다. 이상의 결과들은 적절한 온도와 시간조건에서의 침지처리가 밤바구미 유충 방제에 효과적 이며, 밤 종실의 상품성에도 큰 영향을 미치지 않음을 보여주었다. 따라서 본 연구결과는 밤 종실의 침지조건을 선별하는데 기초자료로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

This research carried out to figure out the effect of the green manure crop cultivated at a preparation field and the shading net on the growth, development, and quality of ginseng. Followings are results obtained from the research. Leaf width of ginseng under the shading net of a two-layered blue and two-layered black polythylene net (TBTBPN) was good at rye and hairy vetch cultured group. Leaf length of ginseng under the shading net of a threelayered blue and one-layered black polyethylene net (TBOBPN) was good at barley and hairy vetch cultured group. Meanwhile, leaf width was good at hairy vetch cultured group. Leaf length of ginseng under a blue polyethylene sheet (BPS) was good at a barley and barley + hairy vetch cultured group, but stem length was shorter compare to other shading net cultivations. Root weight of ginseng was good under the shading net of a two-layered blue and two-layered black polyethylene net (TBTBPN) at a rye and hairy vetch cultured group, and was good under the shading net of a three-layered blue and onelayered black polyethylene net (TBOBPN) at a barley + hairy vetch cultured group, but there was no significant difference under blackout screen according to manure crop varieties. Ratio of rusty root was 10.2% at the barley cultured group under the shading net of a two-layered blue and two-layered black polyethylene net (TBTBPN), and was 23.1% at hairy vetch cultured group under shading net of a three-layered blue and one-layered black polyethylene net (TBOBPN). Ratio of rusty root was the lowest at a rye cultured group regardless the shading nets. Content of the ginsenoside was the highest at the rye cultured group under the shading net of two-layered blue and two-layered black polyethylene net (TBTBPN), was the highest at the barley cultured group under the shading net of a three-layered blue and one-layered black polyethylene net (TBOBPN), and was the highest at the rye cultured group under the blackout screen.

고품질 우량인삼 생산을 위한 해가림자재별 인삼의 생육 상황과 해가림 아래의 미기상 변화를 조사하였고, 각각의 해가림자재에서 생산된 수삼의 유효성분들을 조사 분석한 결과, 6~8월까지의 해가림자재별로 온도는 차광지>차광판> 차광지 순이었고, 투광량도 차광지가 8월에 381.7 μmol/s/m2 로 인삼포내 온도가 가장 높은 원인이었다. 2~3년 인삼의 지상부 생육은 차광망>차광판>차광지 순이었으며, 4년근은 차광판=차광지>차광망 순으로 좋았다. 4년근 인삼의 진세 노사이드 총함량은 차광판>차광지>차광망 순으로 많았으 며, 수삼의 색도는 차광망>차광판>차광지 순으로 높았다

This study investigated ginseng growth and ginsenoside contents after control a reserved ginseng cultivation land using various green manure crops for stable ginseng cultivation. Followings are results obtained from this research. After cultivate the green manure crops, microbial flora in soil was diversified, organic matter and total-N content increased, but salt content decreased. The highest output obtained from the wheat cultivated area among various green manure corps. Growth of shoot and root of two years old ginseng increased significantly at the green manure crop cultivated area. Specially, the wheat cultivated area was the most effective in growth. Also, the rate of the leaf discoloration at the aerial part and the rusty root at the root was the least at the wheat cultivation area. Meanwhile, the ginsenoside content was the most at the wheat cultivation area. Thus, the reserved ginseng cultivation land could be managed by cultivating wheat for effective ginseng growth.