In using both hands, everyone dominantly use one hand and it is called left-handedness or right-handedness person. Measurements of grip and pinch strength provide objective indexes to represent functional integrity of the upper extremity. This study was conducted for thirty female college students(19 right-handedness and 11 lefthandedness). For assessment of the type of handedness, questionnaire was used; for grip strength, Jamar dynamometer was used; for pinch strength, Jamar pinch gauge was used. In right handedness, the grip and pinch strength of the dominant right hand was significantly higher than those of the non-dominant hand. In addition, regular exercises were shown to give influences on reduction of strength gaps between dominant and non-dominant hands. In both groups of left and right handedness, the grip and pinch strength of the dominant hand were significantly higher than those of the non-dominant hand, and regular exercises were shown to give influences on reduction of strength gaps between dominant and non-dominant hand.

This paper investigates the effects of time constraints on writing performance of Korean college students by comparing the overall quality of two types of writing samples-the term paper with a 5-week time allowance and the in-class timed essay with 30-minute time constraints. Thirty-nine college students majoring in Englishlanguage education participated in the study, and their compositions were compared in terms of 5 criteria. To ensure the compatibility of the two different types of tasks, two textbook passages whose topic was similar to each other were presented to the students. The writing task in both conditions was to build a lesson plan in an essay format explicitly detailing the rationale for each activity. The t-test results suggest a meaningful difference in the areas of content, language use, and mechanics; but not in organization and vocabulary. The results indicate that there are limitations on measuring students’ writing ability under timed conditions, which was also validated by survey responses collected at the end of the experiment. Implications for writing assessment are offered.

목 적: 대학생 95명(190안)의 사위검사에서 프리즘분리법과 마독스로드법으로 측정되어진 수평 및 수직사위 값의 차이를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 검사방법은 원거리 완전 교정된 상태에서 프리즘 분리법, 마독스로드 검사법 등 두 가지 다른 방법을 이용하였다. 결 과: 프리즘 분리법에 의한 수평사위 검사에서는 정위 34명(36%), 외사위 41명(43%), 내사위 20명(21%)이었다. 마독스로드 검사법에 의한 수평사위 검사에서는 정위 32명(34%), 외사위 49명(51%), 내사위 14명(15%)이었다. 프리즘 분리법에 의한 수직사위 검사에서는 정위 84명(88%), 수직사위 11명(12%)이었다. 마독스로드 검사법 의한 수직사위 검사에서는 정위 82명(86%), 수직사위 13명(14%)이었다. 결 론: 두 검사의 각각의 평균값은 프리즘 분리법 1.07△ B.I., 마독스로드 검사법 0.95△ B.I.으로 측정되었다. 검사 방법에 따른 뚜렷한 수평 및 수직사위 값의 차이는 찾을 수 없었다. 또한 heterphoria법으로 AC/A비를 측정한 결과 최저, 1.00에서 최대 6.8까지 분포하고 있었으며, 굴절이상과는 특별한 관계를 발견할 수 없었다.

This paper accommodates EIL(English as an international language) together with EFL in English pronunciation teaching and learning. In recognizing EIL, I suggest three strategic levels for phonological norms in assessing leaners’ pronunciation: the level P(phonemic) as a mandatory level to achieve, the level NLA(native language accent) as a cautious level to suppress the native accent, and the level TLA(target language accent) as a desirable level to accomplish a "native-like" accent. After probing the significance of each level, the paper addresses the issue of learning patterns depending on different proficiency levels, together with the effect of formal instruction. The sounds under investigation are English /l/, /r/, and /si/ for the level P, Korean Nasalization and Lateralization for the level NLA, and English /p, t, k/ for the level TLA. Two groups of local college sophomores served as experimental subjects, one as an intermediate group and the other as beginners group. The correctness rate for each level turned out to be the level TLA the lowest(14.21%～ 22.22%), the level NLA the next (49.37%～57.95%), and the level P the highest(66.47%～74.08%). The level TLA achieved the highest effect of formal instruction(13.30%), and the other two levels achieved less effect(5.69%～5.79%). In the level NLA, three factors that affect native interference are suggested: familiarity, syntactic distance, and the length of previous vowels. It is argued that the lowest correctness rate of the level TLA is less alarmimg than the low number indicates, while the level P is more demanding to overcome regardless of the highest correctness rate in regard to effective communication in English.

목 적: 2년간의 추적을 통하여 초기 성년의 굴절이상 변화에 미치는 요인을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 2008년 3월과 2010년 3월 37명(74안)을 대상으로 조절마비 상태에서 Canon RK-F1으로 자동굴 절검사를 실시하였고 IOLMaster V.5.2(Carl Zeiss Meditec)를 이용하여 각막곡률반경, 전방깊이, 안축길이를 측정하였다. 2008년 피검자들의 나이는 18세에서 21세에 분포하였다. 결 과: 등가구면 굴절이상도는 -0.305±0.430D(t = 6.115, p = 0.000) 근시방향으로 진행하였으며 각막 곡률반경 변화량과 굴절이상도 변화량은 양의 상관성이 있었고(r = 0.282, p = 0.015), 굴절이상도 변화량과 AL/CR 비의 변화는 음의 상관성이 있었다(r = -0.240, p = 0.039). 굴절이상도 변화량과 안축길이 변화량의 상관성은 유의하지 않았다(r = -0.012, p = 0.388). 굴절이상도에 따른 변화에서 정시군에서는 등가구면 굴절이상도 변화와 각막곡률반경 변화 사이에서 유의한 상관성(r = 0.722, p = 0.002)이 관찰되었으나 등가 구면굴절이상도 변화와 안축길이 변화 사이에서는 상관성을 유의하지 않았다(r = -0.295, p = 0.286). 근시 군에서는 등가구면 굴절이상도 변화에 대한 각막곡률반경 변화와 안축길이 변화간의 상관성은 각각 r = 0.287, p = 0.048과 r = -0.046, p = 0.756으로 나타났다. 원시군에서는 등가구면 굴절이상도 변화와 상관성을 보이는 항목이 없었다. 2년간의 굴절이상도는 근시군에서 가장 유의한 변화를 보였다(t = 7.599, p = 0.000). 결 론: 굴절이상도 변화와 유의한 상관성을 보이는 항목은 각막곡률반경 변화와 AL/CR비의 변화였으며, 초기 성인들에 있어 주요한 굴절이상도 변화를 유발하는 요인은 각막곡률반경의 변화로 나타났다. 근시군에서 굴절이상의 변화양상이 현저하였으며, 초기 성인에서의 굴절이상도 변화는 안축길이 변화보다는 각막곡률변화와 관련이 있는 것으로 추정된다.

Although many studies have suggested that introducing the distance learning method, including Web-based learning, to a practice class is effective, studies applying the distance learning method to subjects who are practicing cooking are rare. The purpose of this study was to determine the perception of the distance learning method, the degree of computer use, and the use of distance learning by college students with cuisine-related majors to practice cooking. The results showed that most students used the distance learning method, and that the method was positively perceived, as it was a great aid in learning. Most of the cooking information was obtained through the internet, and the most effective learning media for practicing cooking was "e-learning" using a computer. The most effective learning method for those who were practicing cooking was a "face-to-face learning method", because face-to-face type of teaching and learning was most universally recognized. Most of the students surveyed responded that using the distance learning method was a positive experience, indicating that cyber lectures could be applied at more universities for subjects practicing cooking.

본 연구는 대학생들의 일상생활에서의 사회 및 정치에 대한 인식이 대학생들의 정치의식에 미치는 영향을 경험적으로 분석하였다는 것이다. 기존연구와의 차이점은 청소년기의 생활환경의 요소들을 중심으로 이러한 것들이 청소년 정치의식에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다는 것이다. 본 연구는 2009년 청소년정책연구원에서 조사한 실태자료를 참고하였으며 대학생 1363명을 대상으로 분석한 것이다. 본 연구를 위한 분석방법으로는 SPSS 13.0을 통한 기술통계와 회귀분석을 사용하였으며, 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대학생들의 정치에 대한 관심도는 정치의식에 유의미한 영향을 미칠 가능성이 있다. 둘째, 본인과 형제, 자매, 부모, 이웃과의 사회 정치 대화정도는 청소년 정치의식에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 셋째, 대학생들의 매체 즉, TV, 라디오, 신문, 잡지, 인터넷 등을 통한 사회 및 정치에 대한 접촉정도는 그들의 정치의식과 유의미한 상관관계가 있을 가능성이 있다. 이러한 결과는 대학생들의 사회 및 정치에 대한 관심 및 담론의 기회를 넓히고, 다양한 매체를 통한 사회 정치의 참여의 경험이 필요하다는 것을 알 수 있게 한다. 또한 실생활을 통한 청소년들의 사회 정치의식에 대한 교육의 접근방법에도 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다.

The purpose of the study was to compare the culture and the clothing value between Korean and American college students, especially men. Also, this study was to analyze the culture effect on the clothing value. The survey was performed and 200 questionnaires were utilized for this study. The SPSS 12.0 was used to analyze the technical statistics like average, frequency, t-test, factor analysis, multiple regression analysis. The result showed, first, there were some 2 major cultural differences such as power distance and long-term orientation between Korean and American college men. Comparatively, Korean college men showed higher masculinity and lower power distance and long-term orientation. Second, there were differences in the clothing value aspect. Both of them considered the economic clothing value to be most important. Third, there were some differences in the clothing value because of the cultural differences. For Korean college men, there were masculinity and long term orientation that had an effect on the social and religious clothing values, however, for American college men, power distance, masculinity and long term orientation that had an effect on the social, religious, theoretical and economic values.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of narcissistic personality and self-esteem on the appearance management behaviors(weight, skin care, makeup, hair care, clothing selection) of female college students. The questionnaires were administrated to 362 female college students living in Gwang-ju city, Korea. For analysis of data, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, Cronbach'α, regression analysis were applied. The results were summarized as follows. First. the female college students' narcissistic personality was categorized into four factors, need for administration, leadership/self-confidence, need for power/entitlement, and superiority. Second, narcissistic personality significantly influenced appearance management behaviors. The further examination of the effects showed that need for administration appeared to affect clothing selection, hair care, skin care, makeup, and weight. Third, self-esteem turned out to have positive effects on overall appearance management behaviors. The further examination of the effects showed that self-esteem appeared to affect clothing selection, skin care, hair care, makeup, and weight. The results indicated that female college students' narcissistic personality and self-esteem were important factors to their appearance management behaviors and marketing programs for fashion industries.

This study examines the appearance management attitude factor of male college students and groups them according to their characteristics. Then this research analyzes their interest in knitwear, buying behavior, and characteristics to see what kind of differences exist. The results of the research are as follows: First, after conducting a factor analysis to identify the appearance management attitude of male college students, 3 factors emerged(sought personality, pursued trends, and appearance interest). Second, as a result grouping the students according to their attitude. It is created 3 groups(fashionista group, personality group, and appearance interest group). Third, for the interest in knitwear, the fashionista group had the highest interest in knitwear, with a preferred brand when purchasing. Fourth, the fashionista group that values personality and latest trends was more likely to purchase knitwear than the personality group or the appearance interest group. Finally, the majority preferred solid colors. Over 50% of the students preferred knits without any patterns. Also, the most preferred 100% cotton. As this survey was only surveyed in Seoul and Gyounggi areas. The next research requires to be surveyed in a more comprehensive area. Additionally, male college students must more effectively be segmented and surveyed to get accurate results.

목적: 대전지역 대학신입생들의 굴절상태와 안광학상수를 측정하여 성인의 굴절이상 변화에 미치는 요인들을 분석하였다. 방법: 2008년 3월과 2009년 3월 2회에 걸쳐 76명(남 23명, 여 53명)을 대상으로 기본신체검사, 자동굴절검사, 각막곡률반경, 전방깊이, 안축장을 현성 및 조절마비 상태에서 측정하였다. 결과: 등가구면 굴절이상도는 -0.080±0.301D(p=0.001) 근시방향으로 진행하였고, 각막곡률반경은 -0.015±0.040 mm(p=0.000) 감소하였다. 전방깊이는 0.036±0.066 mm(p=0.000) 증가하였으며 안축장의 변화는 유의하지 않았고(p=0.274), AL/CR 비는 0.004±0.020(p=0.004) 증가하였다. 각막곡률반경 변화량과 굴절이상도 변화량은 양의 상관성이 있었고(r=0.578, p=0.000) 굴절이상도 변화량과 AL/CR 비의 변화는 음의 상관성이 있었다(r=-0.542, p=0.000). 굴절이상도 변화량과 안축장 변화량의 상관성은 유의하지 않았다(r=-0.074, p=0.367). 굴절이상도에 따른 변화에서 근시군의 등가구면 굴절이상도가 -0.134±0.316D 증가하여 원시나 정시보다 변화량이 가장 컸다. 근시군에서 굴절이상도 변화와 각막곡률반경 변화는 양의 상관성을(r=0.664, p=0.000), AL/CR 비 변화와는 음의 상관성을 보였다(r=-0.600, p=0.000). 각막곡률반경 변화와 AL/CR 비 변화는 음의 상관성을 보였다(r=-0.719, p=0.000). 정시군에서 굴절이상도 변화와 안광학성분 변화의 상관성은 유의하지 않았다. 원시군에서 굴절이상도 변화와 각막곡률반경 변화만 양의 상관성을 보였다(r=0.490, p=0.024). 결론: 이상으로부터 성인근시도의 증가는 각막곡률반경 변화 및 AL/CR비의 변화와 관련이 있으며, 성인근시의 원인은 안구성장보다 각막곡률반경의 변화가 더 큰 영향을 미치는 요소로 추정된다.

This study was carried out to evaluate the consumer recognition with regard to the safety management for imported foods. In order to evaluate the effect of the prgram on consumer education, the program was practiced for 89 female college students in Seoul, Korea. The participants were given an instruction with materials on imported food safety, including the safety management of imported foods and their distribution. The results showed that the participants achieved a greater understanding of imported foods. In particular, they had firmly grasped the importance of expiration date in selecting imported foods. Before the instruction, 50.6% of total participants blamed the Korean government for the problems arising from imported foods; only 18.0% placed the blame on individuals or businesses importing from foreign countries. After the instruction, 39.3% had blamed the individuals or businesses importing from foreign countries. Furthermore, 36.0% had disapproved of the foods that are imported from China before the instruction, while 32.6% found objectionable the views on the illegally distributed foods; 29.2% criticized the junk foods that target children (after the instruction). In addition, the level of participant satisfaction via-a-vis imported foods safety supervision had improved from 2.76 ± 1.59(before the instruction) to 3.37 ± 1.58(after the instruction). The results indicate that consumers are concerned with the imported foods that contain adulterated or forbidden substances and the illegally distributed foods from foreign countries. Thus, consistent and informative educational programs on imported food safety could help consumers in choosing safer products, resulting in an improvement in the consumer confidence with respect to imported foods.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the multilateral weight control program provided by the university health care center for female college students. The program was 8weeks long and composed of nutrition consultation, exercise, and behavior modification. Nutrition education focused on a low calorie and balanced diet, increasing the intake of protein and micronutrients and reducing carbohydrate and fat consumption. Evaluations were made upon completion of an 8-week program and upon follow-up at 6 months after the end of program. A total of 92 women completed the 8-week program, while 20 completed the follow-up survey. Upon completion of the 8-week program, significant decreases in body weight, BMI, body fat (kg), and %body fat were observed, and muscle mass was also reduced. The total energy and carbohydrates intake were also significantly decreased in subjects with weight loss, while the percentage of subjects whose consumption of protein, calcium, iron, vitamin B1, B6, and niacin did not meet the EAR, were decreased. The blood values of glucose, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were decreased. The follow-up survey revealed that the subjects continued to lose weight after completion of the program. In addition, a Mini nutrition assessment revealed that diet quality improved, especially with respect to reductions in the consumption frequency of fried, greasy and salty food. In conclusion, the multilateral weight control program with diet education for female college students was effective for long lasting weight control and improved dietary behavior. Nutrition education for weight reduction should focus on balanced nutrition as well as lowering the total caloric intake.