PURPOSES: Seoul introduced public bicycles to reduce environmental pollution and create a healthy society. Because the use of bicycles is highly weather dependent, and bicycles are rented by the people, member characteristics and seasonal influences should be considered. This study analyzed bicycle traffic characteristics considering seasonal and member characteristics and highlighted some implications. METHODS: The Yeouido and Sangam districts, which have multiple business districts, were taken as the areas of interest. In order to reflect seasonal and membership characteristics, the traffic volume, time of use, and characteristics of each zone were categorized by season (spring, summer, autumn, winter) and membership type (season, daily, group). In addition, we analyzed the pattern of traffic volume and usage time according to the traffic purpose after separating rental locations into residential, business, subway, and park, reflecting the land characteristics. RESULTS: The results revealed that seasonal characteristics were high for bicycle traffic, time of use, and occupancy rate for park locations in spring and autumn. In terms of membership characteristics, group and daily users appeared as major visitors for park locations, and the trends of commuter pass users showed that bicycle use meets the purpose of introducing public bicycles. CONCLUSIONS: Traffic characteristics differed according to seasonal and membership characteristics. It is necessary to involve and extend the users of the commuter pass. Situations in which commuter pass users cannot function as a group or in which daily users monopolize bicycles (especially near parks, near subway stations, etc.) must be avoided.

This research provides empirical support to the understanding of the consumers’ public self-consciousness and its impact on the luxury brand attachment. A self-administered survey questionnaire was distributed to an online consumer panel in Australia. The results show that both actual and ideal self-congruity positively influence the consumers’ luxury brand attachment. The impact of actual self-congruence on luxury brand attachment is stronger than that of the ideal self-congruence for privately consumed luxury products. The impact is non-significant for publicly consumed luxury products. Moreover, highly attached consumers tend to advocate the luxury brands to other consumers. The research also reveals that public self-consciousness does not moderate the relationship between consumers’ perceived self-congruence and luxury brand attachment. The results suggest that luxury brand advertisers should incorporate the consumers’ actual and ideal self into the advertising message to strengthen the attachment. Future research may validate the hypothesised relationships within different luxury product and service category to enhance the generalisability of the findings.

Introduction This study examines acceptance effect of successful advertising public-relations campaign strategy in 4th industry innovation on students in dept. of advertising public relations. And this paper tries to analyze how university students feel and perceive acceptance effect of concept of successful advertising public-relations campaign strategy in 4th industry innovation and how the types are classified. Examining opinions of concept of successful advertising public-relations campaign strategy in 4th industry innovation on university students is an important direction for research at the level of multiple discussion in which we can look at it from the center of social and cultural issues, and meaningful for the development of the related researches in the future. This paper purposes to examine the characteristics and the subsequent implication of acceptance type of acceptance effect about concept of successful advertising public-relations campaign strategy in 4th industry innovation on university students' self-consciousness and to suggest subsequent use value. Theoretical Development This study is to examine the types of university students who perceive acceptance effect of successful advertising public-relations campaign strategy in 4th industry innovation. In addition, until now, the interests and researches of the related societies are most actively in progress however there is hardly analysis on the acceptance types of acceptance effect of successful advertising public-relations campaign strategy in 4th industry innovation on university students' self-consciousness found. So this study tries to discover a type of acceptance in which university students themselves define and structuralize acceptance effect of successful advertising public-relations campaign strategy in 4th industry innovation through Q-methodology approach. Research Design In this study, Q-methodology will be applied to the sorting of statement cards to determine students’ reception type derived from the effect of a behaviors. As a source for statement cards, a Q-concourse was developed based on newspaper articles, specifically Korean articles on acceptance effect of successful advertising public-relations campaign strategy in 4th industry innovation related political items, advertisements, and interviews; from this data a Q-statement was written and a P-sample selected. Following this, sorting was done to determine the Q-sort, which was then analyzed using a PC QUANL program(for Dos). The Q-sample for this research is composed from the statements of acceptance effect of successful advertising public-relations campaign strategy in 4th industry innovation, in order to document their subjective opinions and values. At first, 34 Q-population (concourse) was selected based on the media related literature review described above, and interviews targeting the general public. As the next step representative statements were chosen randomly and reduced in number to a final 16 statement samples for the purposes of this study. These statements include all opinion values and were written to have positive, neutral, and negative balance. Since Q-methodology deals with intraindividual differences rather than inter-individual differences, it is not influenced by the number of the P-sample. In addition, since the methodology of a Q-study does not infer the characteristics of the population sample from the sample, selecting of the P-sample is likewise not governed probabilistic sampling methods. Finally, in this research, 34 people were selected as the P-sample. Result and Conclusion In order to see the subjectivity types of the university students' participation in acceptance effect of successful advertising public-relations campaign strategy in 4th industry innovation, Q-factor analysis was conducted and three factors were found. As the result of the using QUANL program, 12 students were in type 1, 12 students were in type 2, and 10 students were in type 3. Here, the number of students are meaningless and these three types explains about 40(0.4011)% of total variance. Since the people whose factor weight is higher than 1.0 is 6, 4, and 2 for each group, we can say that type 1 is the biggest factor. In addition, the representative Eigen values are 5.4079, 4.6256, 3.6039 each. The study used Q methodologies in order to observe the subjective propensity of the university students about successful advertising public-relations campaign strategy in 4th industry innovation. At 3 types of analyzed results, it’s not unfamiliar concepts compared to the past, the most of respondents shown the various opinions as a matter of the expanding and understanding successful advertising public-relations campaign strategy in 4th industry innovation of university students.

This research investigated how neuromarketing can improve and determine the effectiveness of action-based public health and social cause marketing communications with social amplification platforms. Action-based advertisements (Ferrier, Ward, & Palermo, 2012) aim to encourage consumers to ‘act’, ‘share’, make a ‘pledge’ or complete a ‘challenge’ for a public health or social cause. Public health messages as non-commercial advertisements attempt to change public behaviour (Vecchiato, Cherubino, Trettel, & Babiloni, 2013). Research was conducted using a 64 channel EEG wet cap with electrodes placed according to the international 10/20 system (Gountas et al., 2014; Treleaven-Hassard et al., 2010). The study applied an exploratory design which involved 4 tasks where participants viewed 7 advertisements (6 action-based, 1 control) and their logos while EEG was recorded. Preliminary LORETA results from the first five seconds of the most effective advertisement indicated approach responses due to left prefrontal and right parietal cortex activation (Davidson & Irwin, 1999; Vecchiato et al., 2013). Results suggest that consumer’s decision making about an advertisement occurs within the first five seconds of viewing an advertisement.

Despite the continued and increasing relevance of public policy and regulatory issues in managerial marketing, legal topics related to marketing are often covered in little detail. “Business law” or “legal environment of business” courses typically address marketing issues superficially, while courses for marketing majors may include a few references to legal or regulatory topics as anecdotes or archaic history (e.g., Sherman Antitrust Act). Managerially germane topics such as consumer privacy, antitrust, consumer protection, product safety, or intellectual property may be cursorily included in an introductory business law course or principles of marketing course, but this does not insure connection of these concepts with “real life” significance. Many practical factors, such as globalization, and academic factors, such as those related to the establishment of a broad domain of research and conceptual development in “marketing and public policy,” have expanded the domain of marketing from a pure business orientation to one through which law, regulation, and public policy are worthy of more in-depth treatment of these topics in the tertiary marketing education curriculum. This paper outlines why and how “marketing and public policy” can be taught and how it can complement the broader curriculum of the business school. From the manager’s perspective, the legal environment of business often represents a series of challenges or impediments to the manager’s decisions and to a business’ success. At the same time, whether or not a consumer is aware of it, these same business impediments often represent protections to the consumer from financial or physical harm. Criminal sanctions in a global (or national) marketing context can include imprisonment for managers or multimillion dollar judgments against companies; this should provide sufficient incentive for marketing practitioners in the business community to develop an interest in marketing law, and this interest can be fostered through examples, cases, and student research. Public policy topics often compel decision makers to consider broad questions (“what is a market?”) as much as they must bear in mind matters related to consumers and competitors (“Is comparative advertising effective?”). Teaching marketing students to be concerned and informed about the law can produce marketing managers who are aware of their social and legal environments. Incorporating public-policy related examples across courses can also satisfy pedagogical objectives.

The use of brand communities have been hailed as an effective tool for marketers to develop relationships between their brands and consumers, with the ultimate goal to create and sustain brand loyalty. The majority of theoretical assertions regarding brand communities are underpinned by the use of social identity theory (Tajfel, 1982). Social identity theory posits that individuals have a need to construct and display a ‘self-concept’ and a strategy to communicate this is the process of identification with groups. As the focus of a brand community is the brand itself it is clear that brand community identification and brand identification must be correlated, but little research has explored this relationship or its effects. This study aimed to fill a gap within the knowledge by further exploring the relationship between brand identification and brand community identification by providing more insight into the role which an individuals’ identification with a brand community (Muniz and O’Guinn, 2001) has within their relationship with the focal brand and their loyalty to that brand. Specifically, this research aimed to gain a greater understanding of the different effect brand community identification had upon the relationship between brand identification and both public and private brand loyalty. This was explored through the utilisation of a survey of fans of a professional basketball team within the UK (n=298). The data and subsequent analysis supported the hypotheses that individuals’ brand community identification has a positive relationship with both public and private forms of brand loyalty. More importantly it also presented brand community identification as a mediator in the relationship between brand identification and public brand loyalty. Therefore, this study is the first to present brand community identification as critical within consumers’ development of publicly displayed brand loyalty. Managerially this understanding provides support for the proactive utilisation of brand communities by marketers. It also provides guidance for the context in which brand communities are critical for the success of the brand. This research delivers support for marketers, to utilise brand communities proactively when trying to motivate consumers to participate in publicly displayed pro-brand behaviour. This guides the re-allocation of budget away from pure brand identification activities to brand community engagement strategies.

Customer online engagement is crucial to online travel websites which depend online reviews to attract new users and maintain current ones. The distinctive features of public attractions in tourism and the unique webdesign of TripAdvisor create an empirical environment for this study to explore the influence of customer experience and satisfaction on their engagement in posting reviews regarding public goods. Based on a sample of TripAdvisor-listed attractions and considering the information from over 37,000 online reviews, the empirical findings suggest that (1) customer online engagement is stronger (weaker) on paid (public) attractions, and (2) the positive effect of satisfaction on customer engagement in posting reviews is more evident among public attractions rather than paid attractions. This study concludes by offering managerial implications to regulators of public attractions, operators of travel websites, and managers of paid attractions.

In this study, we present results of two experiments on hedonic and functional products designed to (1) explore consumers’ third-person perceptions of sex appeals in advertising (2) determine which constructs are effective on third-person perception across the product types (3) and, examine whether conceptual models are moderated by public exposure to sexual stimuli or not. The findings suggest that public exposure to the sexual stimuli is a factor that causes some differences on the antecedents of the third-person perception, and behavioural outcomes of the third-person perception across the respondents’ cultural background and product types.

This study was conducted to investigate attention restoration effects provided by Seoullo 7017, an elevated public skygarden newly transformed from a 40-year-old overpass as a part of an urban revitalization project. In October 2017, a questionnaire survey utilizing Perceived Restorativeness Scale (PRS) and Zuckerman Inventory of Personal Reaction Scale (ZIPERS) was conducted among employees visiting Seoullo 7017 and 133 valid responses were collected. From a series of factor analyses of PRS and ZIPERS items, four PRS factors were derived from 16 PRS items and named as “Diversion”, “Boring”, “Coherence” and “Compatibility”; and two ZIPERS factors were extracted from twelve ZIPERS items, namely “Positive impacts” and “Negative impacts”. Significant differences in restoration effects and psychological stress were found according to frequency of visits, accessibility, and whether or not Seoullo 7017 was seen from offices. In conclusion, the newly created Seoullo 7017 was found to have healing effects, such as psychological stability and relief from stress, on employees who could easily access the garden.

Development, availability and users’ participation in the information service of agricultural food sector is slower than that of other sectors in Korea. This phenomenon comes from the lack of development strategies and comparative analyses with other sectors, as well as the agricultural food industry’s own characteristics which is developed based on the offline market. In this research, we will discuss about how to improve the public information service of agricultural food sector based on the example of establishing service improvement strategy by the most representative Okdab. In this research, we have drawn the following implications for development strategy of Okdab service based on three core keywords derived from benchmarking KOSIS. Three core subjects for upgrading public information service are ‘analysis information with expertise and differentiation,’ ‘user cooperation-oriented platform,’ and ‘intuitive nd effective UX,’ and to strength B.I. as an integrated information service of agricultural food sector, we need to identify the users’ satisfaction and needs for the existing service, establish an optimized operating strategy on a short-term, mid-term and long term bases, and implement them in a positive way. Based on this positive action, it can become a trustworthy information service for the users, and we can expect the improvement of the users’ recognition for its consistent usability and efficiency.

본 연구는 간호보건계열 대학생의 전공만족도, 진로성숙도가 취업스트레스에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 본 연구는 G시의 3개학과 간호보건계열 대학생 410명을 대상으로 2017년 9월 26일부터 10월 31일까지 설문조사하였다. 수집된 자료를 토대로 기술통계, ANOVA, ANCOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, Multiple regression으로 분석하였다. 연구결과, 전공선택 동기에 따라 전공만족도(F=9.856, p<.001) 및 진로성숙도(F=6.005, p=.001)가 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 학점은 진로성숙도(F=2.755, p=.042) 및 취업스트레스(F=3.503, p=.016)와 유의한 차이가 있었다. 또한 토익점수는 전공만족도(F=4.514, p=.004)와 유의한 차이가 있었다. 취업스트레스는 전공만족도(r=-.314, p<.001)와 진로성숙도(r=-.514, p<.001) 간에 유의한 상관관계가 있었으며 취업스트레스에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 전공만족도(β=-.125, p=.007), 진로성숙도(β=-.459, p<.001) 순으로 나타났다. 이를 토대로 간호보건계열 대학생의 취업스트레스를 줄이기 위해 저학년 때부터 학과별 특성에 맞는 전공지도 프로그램을 마련하고 그에 따른 진로지도가 필요하리라 사료된다.

본 연구는 도로변 선형의 가로녹지 조성이 고밀시가지 대로와 건물 사이에 조성한 보행로 및 오픈스페이스의 미세먼지 농도에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 부산시 중앙대로와 부산광역시청 건물 사이에 폭 약 70m로 조성된 오픈스페이스를 대상으로 연구를 진행하였다. 조사결과 가로녹지가 없는 지역의 경우 주중과 주말 모두 차도와 인접한 오픈스페이스의 농도차이가 미미하였으나, 반대로 가로녹지가 조성되어 있는 지역은 차도에 비해 오픈스페이스의 농도가 현저히 높음을 확인할 수 있었다. 특히 가로녹지가 조성된 지역은 차도와 보도 모두에서 미조성지역보다 미세먼지량이 높게 나타나고 있어 차도와 건축물 사이가 넓은 공간의 경우 가로녹지의 조성이 전체적으로 도로 밖 오픈스페이스의 미세먼지농도를 높이는 효과를 보였으며, 특히 차도보다 오픈스페이스에 미치는 영향이 더 큰 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 현상은 차량에 의해 발생한 미세먼지가 빠른 바람흐름에 의해 가로변 관목림을 통과하지만 바람흐름이 줄어든 보행공 간에서는 확산이 이루어지지 않아 발생하는 것으로 판단되었다. 본 연구에서와 같이 넓은 오픈스페이스를 확보하고 있는 도심 도로변 지역의 경우에는 가로녹지가 오히려 바람에 의한 확산을 억제하여 하여 차량이동에 따른 부유 미세먼 지를 녹지 내부에 가두어 보도를 포함한 오픈스페이스의 미세먼지 농도를 높이는 것으로 확인되었다. 도로에서 발생하는 미세먼지를 줄이기 위한 가로녹지의 조성에 있어 도로와 건물의 거리는 매우 중요하게 작용하는 것을 확인하였다.

In this study, we investigate a seasonal underground market which is located under a semi-enclosed basement. Under such settings, there is difficulty in managing indoor air quality such as ventilation. Based on the result, we can improve the indoor air environment of the underground market. The underground market in Seoul was divided into four types according to its structural characteristics and the seasonal survey was conducted. In conclusion, we will develop a realistic improvement plan to improve the indoor air environment of the underground market by selecting the underground market through actual survey.

목적 : 본 연구는 국가치매관리사업과 관련된 공공데이터를 수집하여 치매안심센터에서 시행되는 작업치료 의 비용편익분석을 통해 미래의 국가치매관리사업의 효율화 방안을 모색하고자 한다. 연구방법 : 2016년 1월부터 12월까지의 국가치매관리사업 관련 공공데이터를 정보공개 창구를 이용하여 수집하였다. 수집된 자료를 토대로 작업치료 비용편익분석을 위한 각종 변수를 정의하고, 빈도분석 및 산술계산으로 변수의 값을 산출했다. 결과 : 우리나라에서 서울은 모든 자치구에서 치매관리사업을 시행하고 있고, 사업수행인원 전원이 전담인력으로 배치되어 있다. 특히 작업치료 전담인력을 치매안심센터의 96.0%에 배치하여 치매안심센터 서비스에서 작업치료를 제공하고 있다. 치매안심센터에서 시행되는 작업치료의 순 편익은 작업치료 전담인력이 배치된 경우 서울에서 약 73억 원으로 산출되었다. 결론 : 서울과 같은 형태로 국가치매관리사업 사업을 확대하고, 작업치료 전담인력을 통한 프로그램 시행으로 치매관리비용을 절감하는 효과가 있을 것으로 기대된다. 치매 국가책임제 추진으로 치매관리사업이 국가 단위의 보건사업으로 발돋움하고 있는 지금 한정된 보건의료자원을 효율적으로 사용하기 위해서는 치매안심센터에서 작업치료의 확대가 필요할 것으로 보인다.

국내 563만 가구가 반려동물을 기르는 것으로 추정되며, 반려동물의 수는 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 이와 동시에 유기동물도 급격하게 증가하고 있다. 농림축산식품부의 통계 자료에 의하면 2016년 89,000 마리가 유기되었다고 발표하였다. 이는 하루 244마리가 유기되고 있는 것이다. 유기동물의 증가와 더불어 정부에서 사용되는 처리 비용 또한 증가 하고 있으며, 원보호자를 찾거나, 재 입양을 가지 못한 반려동물의 경우 인도적 처리를 한다. 이는 안락사를 의미한다. 따라서 반려인에게는 반려동물의 입양경로와 애로점, 유기 동물 입양의사 및 사후처리과정 인지여부를 설문조사하였으며, 비반려인에게는 캣맘, 캣 대디에 대한 생각, 유기동물에 대한 생각 및 사후처리 과정에 대해 설문조사를 함으로써 반려동물 및 유기동물에 제도적 정비 및 선진화된 반려동물문화가 필요할 것으로 본다.

‘반려동물 가구 1천만 시대’, ‘4가구 중 1가구가 반려동물 가구’. 이제 반려동물과 함께 사는 사람을 보는 것이 흔한 일이 되었다. 반려동물 가구가 전폭적으로 증가하고 있는 추세임에도 불구하고 반려문화의 발전 속도가 현저히 뒤쳐져 위와 같이 반려견의 공공장소 이용에 대한 반려인과 비반려인 간의 갈등이 심화되고 있다. 때문에 반려인과 비반려인간의 갈등을 해소하여야 할 필요성을 느껴 이를 위해 국내 반려견 공공장소 이용에 대한 비반려인의 인식을 조사하고자 하였다. 본 논문은 설문조사를 통해 진행되었으며, 공공장소 중 반려인과 비반려인의 접촉이 가장 빈번한 공원, 인도, 내부 공공장소, 공동주택, 대 중교통을 선정하여 각 장소에 따른 인식을 조사하였다. 설문조사 결과 각 장소마다 비반려인이 반려인과 반려견에 대해 가지고 있는 인식과 요구사항이 다르다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 예상 외로 반려견 자체에 대하여 부정적으로 보는 사람보다 긍정적으로 보는 사람이 다수였다. 반려견의 공공장소 이용을 부정적으로 보는 사람 중에서는 반려견에 대한 인식부족으로 인한 편견을 이유로 드는 한편 반려인의 펫티켓 부족, 반려견 관리 미흡을 이유로 들기도 했다. 이를 개선하기 위해 각 지방자치단체에 동물보호과가 신설 및 증설을 통해 처벌뿐만 아니라 목줄 미착용과 같은 동물보호법 위법행위에 대한 감시 감독 또한 강화해야 한다. 더불어 국가적 차원에서 국민을 대상으로 인간과 동물의 공존을 위한 교육이 시행되어야 한다. 동시에 반려인을 대상으로 한 올바른 펫티켓을 비롯한 반려동물 관리에 대한 교육이 필요하다.

This study is intended to investigate that it is possible to analyze the public awareness and satisfaction of the weather forecast service provided by the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) through social media data as a way to overcome limitations of the questionnaire-based survey in the previous research. Sentiment analysis and association rule mining were used for Twitter data containing opinions about the weather forecast service. As a result of sentiment analysis, the frequency of negative opinions was very high, about 75%, relative to positive opinions because of the nature of public services. The detailed analysis shows that a large portion of users are dissatisfied with precipitation forecast and that it is needed to analyze the two kinds of error types of the precipitation forecast, namely, ‘False alarm’ and ‘Miss’ in more detail. Therefore, association rule mining was performed on negative tweets for each of these error types. As a result, it was found that a considerable number of complaints occurred when preventive actions were useless because the forecast predicting rain had a ‘False alarm’ error. In addition, this study found that people’s dissatisfaction increased when they experienced inconveniences due to either unpredictable high winds and heavy rains in summer or severe cold in winter, which were missed by weather forecast. This study suggests that the analysis of social media data can provide detailed information about forecast users’ opinion in almost real time, which is impossible through survey or interview.

Car-sharing is one of the most popular cases of a shared economy. It is a sustainable service that enhances mobility by renting shared vehicles to meet user's purpose in short-time. Car-sharing has known that it is effective in reducing ownership of passenger cars, reducing traffic congestion, and improving the environment. In Korea, a variety of car-sharing services have been launched, and since 2012, Korea Land & Housing Corporation (LH) has started to introduce HappyCar service for residents of public rental housing complexes nationwide. Public rental housing complexes have three types of complexes, one of which is complex for the low-income households. The purpose of this study is to find out the factors affecting the use of carsharing for low-income people using Poisson regression analysis with 2017 HappyCar usage data. Data including outliers was filtered and explanatory variables (age, sex, and accessibility of public transportation around rental housing complexes) were selected through correlation analysis. The results of this study are expected to be useful for analysis of carsharing low-income users' behavior, demand forecasting, and the establishment of shared transportation policies in the future.