자운영 안전입모수 확보를 위한 벼 낙수시기를 기준 자운영 파종적기를 시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 벼 낙수 전 5일~ 낙수 후 5일 사이에 파종시 자운영 종자가 발아를 할 수 있는 충분한 토양수분이 있어 월동후 평균 입모수 및 월동율은 각각 530~670 개/m2 , 79.1~82.8% 로 높아 낙수 10일 이후 파종 보다 입모수 확보에 유리하였다. 2. 월동후 전생육기간 파종시기별 자운영 건물중도 낙수 전 5일~ 낙수후 5일에서 573~746kg /10a으로 높아 17.0~20.5kg /10a 질소를 생산할 수 있었다. 3. 자운영 종자를 너무 늦은 10월초나 낙수 10일이후에 뿌리면 자운영 종자가 출아를 하는데 온도가 낮고 수분이 부족하여 생육부진으로 월동율이 낮아 자운영 입모수가 부족하였다. 4. 낙수 10일전에 너무 일찍 파종해도 출아를 한 자운영이 습해를 받아 입모가 불량하였다. 5. 종자수량도 낙수 전 5일~ 낙수후 5일에 파종시 24.2~30.8kg /10a으로 높았으나 낙수후 10일 이후 파종은 종자 생산량도 19.4 kg/10a으로 낮았다. 따라서 자운영 안전 입모수 확보, 월동율, 건물생산성을 고려한 자운영 파종적기는 낙수전 5일(9월 20일)~ 낙수후 5일(9월 30일)이었다.

This experiment was conducted to examine the influence of four plant growth regulators on growth, photosynthesis parameters and yield of soybean. To increase dry matter accumulation of seeds, some growth regulators were applied to field grown soybean cv. Sinpaldalkong #2 as determinate type and Muhankong as indeterminate type at dense planting condition. Choline caused significant reduction of stem length, but did not increase seed yield. The number of leaf and total leaf area were showed significant increase in all the treatments, but those increased tremendously in Muhankong treated with ethrel. CO2 assimilation and water use efficiency of a single leaf were showed the highest as 17.2 molm-2s-1 and 9.3 μ mmol mol-1 treated with mepiquat in Sinpaldalkong, respectively. The Photosynthetic rate was closely related to stomatal conductance, transpiration and water use efficiency. Mepiquat treatment mainly produced positive effects on the number of pods, percent of pod setting, number of seeds per pod in two cultivars and also increased their seed yield as compared with control.

This experiment was carried out to clear optimum planting time for yield enlargement by comparing yield with dry matter at Miryang from 2005 to 2006. Variety used were Daewon, Daepung, Daol and Cheongja 3. Seeding was performed on April 30 to June 30 with 20day intervals and planting density was 142,857 palnts/ha (70×20㎝, 2plants per hill) with black vinyl mulching. In R2～R4 stages, crop growth rate(CGR) was largest on June 10 seeding. Although net assimilation rate(NAR) increased as seeding date was delayed, NAR on June 10 seeding was the highest throughout the growth period. Positive relationships were observed between NAR from R2 to R4 the ratio of pod to total dry matter weight. The LAI and total dry matter weight at the R4 stage was higher at earlier seeding date. In the case when seeding date was delayed, the ratio of leaf(source) and pod(sink) increased. From the comparison of all factors such as dry weight, optimum LAI, and of source to sink, the optimum planting date for high seed production was June 10. The highest yield was recorded with on June 10 seeding. Also, this seeding date showed high ratio of seed yield to dry matter in R2 stage. Difference between surveyed pod no. and theological pod no. which was calculated by dry matter ratio compared with standard seeding date(June 10) at R2 stage was the smallest in June 10 seeding.

This study was carried out to investigate the patterns of dry matter (DM) production and accumulation, and to screen the relationships between related major growth characters and DM accumulation in four cassava varieties in Bogor (6~circ19, West Java, Indonesia. Gading and Adiral developed an enough source and canopy in short at the early growth phase and then translocated assimilates to storage roots with a higher partitioning rate, even these varieties were considered as early-bulking varieties, which have superior source and sink potentials in increasing yield and DM of tubers. The root/shoot ratio (R/SR), total dry weight (TDW), leaf area duration, leaf area index (LAI), and number of tubers showed higher positive correlations with the dry weight of roots (DWR), and the direct effects of TDW, R/SR, and LAI on the DWR were higher. These characters were considered to be useful target characters to screen cassava varieties with high yield potential and high DM in aspect of tuber production.

To find out the optimum fertilizer level for high yielding variety, Paldanghomil, experiment was conducted with 15 compositions of fertilizer levels at the experiment field of forage rye in Sunchon National University from Sep. 1998 to Aug. 1999. The effects of nitrogen fertilizer on plant growth were large significant but increasing rate of application in potassium and phosphate fertilizers above 10kg/10a had negligible effects on plant growth. Raising nitrogen application rate of fertilizers turned out to be 18-10-10kg/l0a of N-P2O5-K2O. Content of crude protein was the highest and that of crude fiber such as NDF, ADF, cellulose and lignin were lowest at this rate. Furthermore, IVDMD was high and dry matter yield were the highest at the optimum rate.e.

This experiment was carried out at paddy field (commercial silty loam soil) in the southwestern Korea. Pungsannamulkong, a determinate growth habit, was a relatively high yielding and late maturing cultivar, and Han­namkong, a semi determinate growth habit, was a relatively low yielding and early maturing cultivar. Seeds were sowed at two plants and with a planting density of 70~times10cm on May 26, 2003. Fertilizer was applied prior to planting at a rate of 3.0-3.0-3.4g (N-P2O5-K2O)~;per~;m2 by all basal fertilizations. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications. Seed yield was higher in Pungsannamulkong by 362g per m2 than in Hannamkong of 260g per m2 Also, the number of pod, number of seed, and number of seed per pod were greater in Pungsannamulkong than in Hannamkong. The number of leaves per m2 showed similar with two soybean cultivars up to August 24 but thereafter it decreased in Hannamkong. The leaf area up to August 4 increased in Hannamkong higher than in Pungsannamulkong, but after that time, Pungsannamulkong had greater leaf area than Hannamkong. The shoot and leaf dry matter of two soybean cultivars from June 23 to August 4 were similar but thereafter, Pungsannamulkong had a significantly greater than Hannamkong. Crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR) and net assimilate rate (NAR) for Punsannamulkong were relatively higher than Hannamkong but leaf area ratio (LAR) and specific leaf weight (SLW) showed higher in Hannamkong. Most of leaves distributed in the ranges of 80-90cm and 60-70cm from the soil surface in Punsannamulkong and Hannamkong, respectively. Pods of Punsannamulkong ranged 10-80cm from the soil surface and most of pods were distributed at 40-50cm. Photosynthetic rate at the flowering stage showed a significant difference between cultivars in the upper most leaf position. There was no significant difference of the photosynthetic rate at 7tn leaf at the flowering stage, and the uppermost and 7th leaf position at the seed development stage between two soybean cultivars.

The responses of six mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] varieties to Rhizobium inoculation on number and dry weight of nodules, nitrogenase activity of root nodule bacteria, dry weight of shoot and root, nitrogen content, and uptake by shoot were investigated. The mungbean varieties were BARI Mung-2, BARI Mung-3, BARI Mung-4, BARI Mung-5, BINA Moog-2, and BU Mung-1. Two-third seeds of each variety were inoculated with Rhizobium inoculant and the remaining one-third seeds were kept uninoculated. Rhizobium strains TAL 169 and TAL 441 were used for inoculation of seeds. Inoculation of seeds with Rhizobium strains significantly increased nodulation, nitrogenases activity, dry matter production, nitrogen content, and uptake by shoot of the crop compared to uninoculated control. There was positive correlation among the number and dry weight of nodules, nitrogenase activity, dry weight of shoot and root, nitrogen content, and uptake by shoot of the crop. It was concluded that BARI Mung-4 in association with Rhizobium strain TAL 169 performed best in recording nodulation, nitrogenase activity, dry matter production, and nitrogen uptake by shoot of mungbean.

제주도에서 쇠무릎을 생약(뿌리) 또는 ecdysteroid(뿌리+포과)를 생산하기 위하여 재배할 경우 적정 인산시비량을 구명하고자 질소시비량 2수준(90, 180kg/ha)과 인산시비량 5수준 (0, 100, 200, 300, 400kg/ha)에서 시험하였던 결과는 다음과 같다. 초장, 엽장, 엽폭, 경직경, 화서당 포과수, 주근장, 주근경은 인산시비량에 유의한 영향을 받지 않았는데, 주당 분지수와 화서수는 무인산구에 비하여 인산 100kg/ha 시비에 의하여 각각 18, 38%증가되었으나 인산 200kg 이상 시비구에서 감소되는 경향이었다. 주당 뿌리수는 인산 200kg에서 18.9개로 가장 많았다. 포과건물수량은 인산 100kg 시비구에서 2.92t/ha로 가장 많았고 200kg 이상 시비구에서 감소되었다. 건근수량은 무인산구에서 2.36t/ha이었던 것이 인산 100, 200kg 시비구에서 각각 3.55, 3.80t/ha 으로 유의성 있게 증가하였다가 300, 400kg 시비구에서는 3.14, 2.86 kg로 감수되었다. 지상부의 인산회수율은 인산 100kg 시비구에서 34.0%이었던 것이 400kg 시비구에서는 7.1%로 감소되었다.

제주도에서 쇠무릎의 뿌리와 포과의 생산을 위한 적정질소시비량을 구명하고자 재식밀도(50, 100주/m2, 1주 2본)와 질소시비량(0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 kg/10a)에 따른 생육, 건물수량, 지상부 질소 함량 및 수량 등을 조사하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 조사한 모든 형질에 대하여 재식밀도와 질소시비량 간에는 상호작용이 없었다. 100주/m2 재식구에 비하여 50주/m2 재식구에서 주근장 및 뿌리수는 각각 5%와 52%증가되었고 경엽의 질소함량은 다소 낮았으나 다른 형질에서는 차이가 없었다. 질소시비량은 주경직경, 주당 화서수, 화서당 포과수, 주근장, 주근직경, 포과 질소함량에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 질소시비량이 10a당 0 kg에서 30kg으로 증가함에 따라 SPAD 값은 35.0에서 40.5로, 경엽의 질소함량은 1.09%에서 1.38%로 직선적으로 증가되었다. 질소시비량은 초장, 주당 분지수, 포과 뿌리 건물수량, 주당 근수, 경엽질소수량에 대해서는 2차함수식으로, 주당 화서수에 대해서는 3차함수적인 관계로 분석되었다. 이러한 분석결과 포과 및 뿌리 건물수량이 최대가 되는 질소시비량은 21kg/10a로 추정되었다.

This research was conducted to compare the dry matter production and the yield productivity among nine soybean cultivars by measuring the photosynthetic ability of the middle and lower leaves at the flowering and the seed development stages. The leaf greenness(SPAD value) were ranged as 32-42 at the flowering stage. Also, They were ranged as 25-40 and 38-51 at the fifth leaf and the seventh leaf, respectively. The photosynthetic ability at the flowering and the seed development stage showed significant differences among soybean cultivars, and the photosynthetic ability at the seed development stage showed higher difference among cultivars than the flowering stage. The variation of the photosynthetic ability at the flowering and the seed development stage also was significant among cultivars. The light saturation point at the flowering stage was about 1500 ~mu mol m-2 s-1 PAR, and the seed development stage was about 1000 ~mu mol m-2 s-1 PAR. The photosynthesis showed the high negative correlation with the leaf area and the positive correlation with the leaf area ratio. Also, photosynthesis at seed development stage showed positive correlation with grain yields but there was not significant between photosynthesis and yields at flowering stage..

Planting date of soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is one of production components in cultural systems. The objective of the current study was to identify the components of soybean production and cultural practices encompassing planting dates and cultivars that respond to dry matter accumulation, harvest index and yield components. Three determinate soybean cultivars were planted on May 13 (early), June 3 (mid), and June 24 (late). Planting density was 60~times 15cm with 2 seeds (222,000 plants per ha). Soybean plants were sampled every 10 days interval from the growth stages of V5 to R8 and separated into leaves including petioles, stems, pods, and seeds. Dry matter accumulations, harvest indices, and yield components were measured. Early planting had taken 55 days from VE to R2 and late planting taken 39 days indicating reduced vegetative growth. Early planting showed higher leaf, stem, pod and seed dry weights than late planting. However, late planting appeared to be higher harvest index and harvesting rate. Vegetative mass including leaf and stem increased to a maximum around R4/R5 and total dry weight increased to a maximum around R5/R6 and then declined slightly at R8. The highest seed yield was obtained with mid planting and no difference was found between early and late plantings. Cultivar differences were found among planting dates on growth characteristics and yield components. The results of this experiment indicated that soybean yield in relation to planting dates examined was mainly associated with harvest index and harvesting rate, and planting date of cultivars would be considered soybean plants to reach the growth stage of R4/R5 after mid August for adequate seed yield.

This study was carried out to investigate varietal variation of dry matter production, and to classify varieties on the basis of dry matter production, and to analyze relationships between seed yield and dry matter production in 28 germplasm. Descending o

차광 및 광 강도별 맥문동의 광합성속도, 기공전도도 및 증산작용과 그 관련형질간의 상호연관성을 구명하였던 바는 다음과 같다. 맥문동의 광합성속도는 광 강도가 증가함에 따라 증가하였고 PAR 700-1000μmol/m2/s에서 최고치를 나타내었으며 차광에 의해 증가되는 경향이었다. 기공전도도는 광 강도가 증가함에 따라 증가되었고, 광합성속도, 증산작용 및 기공전도도의 일변화는 비슷한 경향의 양상을 띄었다. 광합성속도와 기공전도도와의 관계는 1차직선회귀관계로 고도의 정(正)의 상관이 인정되었으나 대조구와 차광구가 각각 다른 1차회귀직선을 보여 동일한 기공전도도에서 차광구의 광합성속도가 대조구보다 높은 경향으로 나타났다. 증산작용과 기공전도도 및 광합성속도와 증산작용의 관계는 양자간에 모두 1차회귀식의 정(正)의 상관관계가 인정되었다.

고구마의 품종육성 및 재배법개선에 필요한 기초 자료를 얻고자, Source와 sink의 차이가 있는 율미, 신율미, 건미, 홍미 및 선미의 고구마 5품종을 공시하여 시비량을 달리하여 재배하고, 괴근중 증가 전기에 경엽을 절제하였을 때의 source와 sink의 상호 관계에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1 각 품종들의 시비량과 경엽 절제비율에 의한 경엽중과 괴근중의 반응이 동일하지 않았다. 2. 경엽중은 다비할수록 많았으며, 품종별로는 신율미〉선미〉홍미 〉건미〉율미 순서였다. 괴근 수량은 질소-인산-가리=60-70-190kg/ha 시비량에서 가장 많았으며, 선미가 가장 많았고, 건미는 가장 적었다. 3 경엽 절제비율이 적을수록 경엽과 괴근수량이 많은 경향이었다. 질소-인산-가리=20-30-90kg/ha 시비량의 50%절제까지는 경엽중이 많을수록 괴근중이 증가되었으며, 경엽 절제비율이 많을 수록 경엽과 괴근 수량의 차이가 적었고, 총건물 수량은 증비 할수록 많았다.

고구마의 품종육성 및 재배법개선에 필요한 기초 자료를 얻고자, Source와 sink의 차이가 있는 율미, 신율미, 건미, 홍미 및 선미의 고구마 5품종을 공시하여 재식밀도를 달리하여 재배하고, 괴근중 증가 전기에 경엽을 절제하였을 때의 source와 sink의 상호관계에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 각 품종들의 재식밀도와 경엽 절제비율에 의한 경엽중과 괴근중의 반응이 동일 하지 않았다. 2. 단위 면적당 경엽중은 밀식할 수록 많았으며, 품종별로는 신율미〉선미〉홍미〉건미〉율미 순서였다. 단위 면적당 괴근 수량은 75×20cm재식밀도에서 가장 많았으며, 선미가 가장 많았고, 건미는 가장 적었다. 3. 경엽 절제비율이 적을 수록 경엽과 괴근수량이 많은 경향이었다. 75×10cm와 75×20cm재식밀도의 50%절제까지는 경엽중이 많을 수록 괴근중이 증가되었으며, 경엽 절제비율이 많을수록 경엽과 괴근 수량의 차이가 적었고, 75×20cm재식밀도에서 괴근과 총건물 수량이 많았다. 4. 75×10cm와 75×20cm재식밀도에서는 source와 sink의 증감은 상보적이었으나, 75×30cm에서는 그 정도가 적었다.

Excessive soil water at vegetative growth stages during the rainy season induces yield losses in soybeans. Our objectives were to obtain basic information about the cultivar differences and to understand the stress-tolerance process for due to excessive soil water. Previous experiments revealed soybean genotypic differences in tolerance to excessive soil water. A field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Korea University near Seoul on 21 May 1998. Soybean[Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivars, 'Hannamkong' (sensitive) and 'Taekwan-gkong'(tolerant) were planted in vinyl-lined plots(1.2 x 4.2 x 0.3 m deep) and control plots. Drip irrigation began at VI growth stage to submerge the soil surface. Three weeks of excessive soil water treatment reduced all growth parameters measured to soybean plants. Excessive soil water stress resulted in decreases of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Cu, and increases of Fe and Mn contents in soybean leaves. The stress index of tolerant cultivars under excessive soil water showed no large difference in soybean growth characteristics measured at three growth stages. However, K, Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn contents in soybean leaves appeared to differ between sensitive and tolerant cultivars. From the above results, stress and tolerance indices are proposed for a method to test cultivar differences in plant responses within a species under adverse growth environments.

Uptake, assimilation and translocation of nitrogen and dry matter assimilation and translocation in ten rice cultivars were observed in no-till direct-sown rice-vetch cropping system. There was a large degree of variation in N-uptake, grain yield, nitrogen translocation efficiency and dry matter assimilation and translocation in tested rice cultivars. Forty kg N/ha base, as compound fertilizer (21-17-21% of N-P-K) three weeks after sowing and 30 kg N/ha top-dressed at panicle initiation stage as in the form of (NH4 )2 CO2 was applied. ‘Newbounet’, ‘Daesanbyeo’, and ‘Hwayeongbyeo’ showed higher translocation efficiency. The contribution of pre-heading dry matter assimilates to grain ranged from 33% to 99% of dry grain weight. Dry matter of ‘Calrose 76’ was lower than Newbounet but N content was higher in Calrose 76 than Newbonnet. By maturity, N content in vegetative parts declined considerably more than dry matter, vegetative and reproductive parts, N translocation efficiency, and N harvest index. Nitrogen translocation efficiency was greater in ‘Nonganbyeo’, Daesanbyeo, and Newbounet. Grain N concentration was positively correlated with N concentration or N content of the vegetative parts at heading in Nonganbyeo, ‘Dasanbyeo’, ‘Dongjinbyeo’, and Newbonnet. These results indicated that the greater amount of dry matter and N accumulated before heading stage, the higher translocation rates of dry matter to grain and the greater net losses at maturity.

담수표면산파 벼의 생육시기별 경수변화, 건물 생산 특성 그리고 질소시비량에 따른 수량 및 건물생산 정도를 기계이앙재배 벼와 비교하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 담수표면산파 벼는 기계이앙재배 벼에 비하여 생육 중기까지 경수 증가속도가 빠른 반면, 생육중기 이후 분얼수 감소시기 및 속도가 상대적으로 빠르고 컸으며 단위 면적당 수수는 초기 분얼수가 많았던 담수표면산파 벼에서 많았다. 2. 엽면적지수는 담수표면산파 벼에서 수수분화기까지 높았으나, 그 이후부터는 기계이앙재배 벼에서 다소 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 3. 엽신 질소함량은 파종 후 40일까지는 담수표면산파 벼가 많았으나 그 후부터는 점차 적어지는 경향이었으며, 군락광합성 및 생육시기별 건물생산속도 역시 파종 후 50∼60일을 기점으로 기계이앙재배 벼에 비해 담수표면산파 벼에서 점차 적어졌고 이런 경향은 출수기 이후에도 계속 유지되었다. 4. 질소시비량 증가에 따라 기계이앙재배 벼 및 담수표면산파 벼 모두 수확기 총 건물중, 출수기 엽면적지수 및 군락광합성량 모두 많아지는 경향이었다. 총 건물중은 담수표면산파 벼에서 많았으며 엽면적지수 및 군락광합성은 기계이앙재배 벼에서 많았다. 또한 단위 엽면적당 질소함량은 두 재배법 모두 시비량 증가에 따라 증가하였으나 기계이앙재배 벼에서 많았다.