The purpose of this research is to examine the specialized educational process of juvenile protection education institutions and to present measures from an educational demand aspect to prevent juvenile delinquency. If traditional reform education focused on removing the causes of delinquency, the current specialized education does not remove causes but nurtures strength to overcome that cause. Therefore, better means to achieve the goals of specialized education are presented below. First, in order to achieve the goals of specialized education, factors that suppress delinquency must be increased through reinspection of currently taught practical English conversation as a course, strengthening of human character through psychological treatment and training and structured education of guardians. Second, in order to adapt juveniles into society after completion of specialized education, an efficient and supportive network must be established by using teachers from juvenile protection educational institutions and volunteers and by integrating national juvenile delinquency-related institutions and social institutions while reviewing the current probation system. Third, for more substantial specialized education, the demands of those being educated should be analyzed and reflected in the educational process. The awareness of the educators should be raised and professional ability should be nurtured.

정부에서는 청소년을 대상으로 하는 일체의 성폭력 혹은 성적 착취로부터 청소년을 보호하기 위한 「청소년의 성보호에 관한 법률」(2000. 2. 3. 법률 제6261호 제정)을 제정하여 청소년을 대상으로 하는 성범죄에 관하여 종합적인 규제를 하게 되었다. 이 법은 제정 시부터 많은 비난과 비판을 받아 왔을 뿐만 아니라 이 법이 적용된 이후 많은 분쟁사건이 발생하기도 하였다. 「이중위험」(double jeopardy) 금지원칙, 「프라이버시권」 위반, 「평등의 원칙」위반, 「적법절차」 위반 등이 그것이다. 이러한 비판에 대하여 신상공개는 형벌이 아니기 때문에 「이중위험」 금지원칙 에 반하지 않을 뿐만 아니라 제정의 취지도 시민의 생활안정을 확보한다는 차원의 사전적 범죄예방이므로 공개대상자에 대한 형사제재적 성격을 갖는 것이 아니라고 하는 견해가 있다. 어떤 행위를 범죄로 규정하고 형벌을 과하기 위해서는 그 행위로 인해 침해되는 법익을 「보호할 가치」가 있고 「보호할 필요」 있고 「보호의 능력」이 있어야 한다. 형벌을 과할 때에는 최후의 수단으로 필요한 최소한도의 범위에서만 과해야 하고 과도한 형벌을 과해서는 안 된다 즉 형벌의 보충성, 비례성, 과잉금지의 원칙이 지켜저야 한다. 이러한 관점에서 청소년성매수행위를 범죄로 규정하고 형벌을 부과하고 동시에 신상공개까지 하고 있는 현행제도는 폐지하여야 한다.

염분에 대한 두줄망둑의 내성범위를 파악하기 위한 일환으로 이들의 생존, 성장 및 산소소비에 미치는 염분의 영향을 40일간 사육실험을 통하여 검토하였다. 두줄망둑의 생존율은 염분 10.1‰ 이상에서 90%이상을 나타냈으나, 염분 3.4‰ 이하에서는 유의한 감소를 나타냈고, 담수에서는 40일째 32.5%의 생존율을 보였다. 체장과 체중의 증가 및 성장률은 13.4∼33.6%o의 염분 범위에서 유사

In order to protect sexual rights of juveniles, publicity of juvenile-sex-criminals' personal affairs has been put into operation since 2001. A purpose of this sanctions is protecting juveniles' body and sexual rights to disgrace sex-criminals. But thinking provides and spirits of the constitution, publicity of juvenile-sex-criminals' personal affairs has much problems First, this sanction is contrary to dignity of humans. Nations' law must not exclude a member of society physically and psychologically, though he conducted crimes. In this point, this sanctions run a criminal out from society. Second, the principle of proportion disclaim publicity of juvenile-sex-criminals' personal affairs. The criminal of juvenile sex crime had imposed criminal sanction. In addition he must be ashamed through publicity of personal affairs. Third, we can't count on effects of preventing juvenila-sex-crimes through this sanction. Because certainty of crimes is very low, people are not frightened at these kinds of sanctions In conclusion, these cruel sanction must be ruled out, police and prosecutors level certainty of crime up.

본 연구에서는 우리나라의 비행경력이 있는 청소년("비행집단")들과 공식적 비행경력은 없으나 학교를 벗어나 있는 청소년집단("비-비행집단")을 상호비교하여 각 집단이 갖는 약물사용 행위의 특성을 실증적자료를 통하여 탐색하였다. "비행집단"에는 3개 소년원에 수용되어 있는 청소년 100명(남자 67명, 여자 33명)이 표집되었고, "비-비행집단"에는 가출아, 학교부적응아, 근로청소년 등 3개집단에서 모두 300명(남자 157명, 여자 143명)이 표집되었다. 본 연구가 갖는 학술적 성과는 다음의 두가지로 요약된다. 첫째, 기존의 약물연구들이 산발적인 측정도구들을 사용하여 데이터를 수집함으로 인해 신뢰성과 타당성의 문제가 제기되곤 했다. 이러한 문제점을 보완할 수 있도록 정부기관(청소년보호위원회)이 정밀한 측정도구를 개발하여 수집한 전국적 자료를 본 연구에서 재분석하여 한국의 비행소년집단과 사회취약계층 청소년집단의 약물사용에 관련된 행동적, 인지적 특성을 체계적으로 조사분석한 것이다. 둘째, 본 연구는 청소년의 비행경험 여부에 따라 약물남용을 촉진시키는 요인과 억제시키는 요인들을 구체적으로 명세화함으로써 비행소년들의 약물에 대한 접근을 사전에 예방하기 위해서 청소년특성에 기초한 약물정책을 개발하고 이들의 약물에 대한 왜곡된 지식과 태도를 수정할 수 있는 치료재활 프로그램 및 약물교육교재 등을 개발하기 위한 기초지식을 생성한 것이다. 결론으로서, 청소년들은 약물의 유해성에 대해 잘못 알고 있고 약물을 자기의지대로 쉽게 끊을 수 있다고 과도하게 믿는 등 잘못된 인지적 특성을 갖고 있고 불법적 약물사용에 대해서 우호적 태도을 갖고 있는 점이 이들의 약물사용을 촉진시키는 개인적 문제로 진단된다. 따라서, 이러한 인지적 왜곡을 교정하기 위해서는 인지행동적 상담치료 또는 집단적 교정상담과 같은 보다 전문적이고 약물예방정책을 개발하여 시행할 것이 요구된다.

The purpose of this study is to examine the treatment of female juvenile delinquents in Korea. Thereby, it attempts to provide several ways of improving female juvenile delinquents treatment. This study reviews existing research on female delinquency and the juvenile justice system's response to female delinquency. Despite growing concern, relatively little is known empirically about female delinquency. A review of the female delinquency literature shows the ambiguities and piecemeal nature of the research. But, we can identify several factors contributing to female delinquency from existing research. Most of the research conclude that female delinquent behavior is related to weak bond to parents, abuse, depression, low self-esteem, etc. Gender-specific programming refers to the program models and services that comprehensively address the special needs of a targeted gender group, such as adolescent girls. In Korea, probation treatment was not specifically designed for delinquent girls. Social service order was not specifically designed for delinquent girls, either. But, several considerations are provided for female offenders. For example, most female offenders work at welfare center. As to the residential community treatment, several desirable aspects are found. For example, residential community treatment fosters familiar, supportive atmosphere. And various culture activities help girls discover their capabilities and enhance self-esteem. As to juvenile training school treatment, personality education is needed . Anyang juvenile training school provides several programs for female juvenile delinquents. For example, various psychotherapy programs are enforced because of the high incidence of abuse, low self-esteem in female juvenile delinquents. And Anyang juvenile training school implements job training programs such as beauty, cosmetology in consideration of gender. Based on reviewing realities of female juvenile delinquents treatment, it suggest several ways for effective treatment.

연안지역의 환경오염 및 양식용수의 이용과정에 파생될 수 있는 구리의 오염에 따른 넙치의 생존, 대사율, 사료효율 및 성장율에 미치는 구리의 영향을 검토하였다. 4개의 아치사구리 농도(50, 80, 180, 320 μg L-1)에서 6주동안 실험하였다. 실험기간 동안 넙치는 대조구에서는 실험종료시 까지 사망개체가 전혀 나타나지 않아 100%의 생존율을 나타내었다. 구리 노출농도 180 μg L-

본 실험은 원시난포의 체외배양 체계를 확립할 수 있는 가능성을 검토하기 위해 10일과 20일령 마우스의 난소에서 분리한 난포를 체외배양하여 난포의 형태변화, 난자의 성장를 및 난자의 핵성숙단계를 조사하여 비교하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 10일령과 20일령의 마우스에서 분리한 난포는 배양 6일째부터 난포강이 형성되었다. 2. 10일령과 20일령 마우스의 난소에서 분리한 난포의 수는 평균 21.5와 33.3개였고, 배양하기 전에 투명대를

본 실험은 원시난포의 체외배양 체계를 확립할 수 있는 가능성을 검토하기 위해 0, 5, 10, 15 및 20일령 마우스에서 분리한 난소를 20, 15, 10, 5 및 0일동안 organ culture 하여 난소의 성장률, 난자의 회수율과 성장률 및 난자의 핵성숙 단계를 조사하여, 비교 ·검토하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. Organ culture 전과 후의 각 일령에 따른 난소의 면적 차이는 0일령 35.9%, 5일령 8.7%, 10 일

This study emphasizes a comprehensive strategy to reduce crime risk factors in individual, family, school, peer group, and community levels. This effort includes prevention, early intervetion, and treatment services for juvenile offenders. This study offers a coordinated, community-based multi-agency network system both to provide several simultaneous services for youths and to reduce disorganized neighborhood environments. This stuy suggests a role of each agency such as family, school, welfare center, police, probation officials, church, business, and residents in a community-based comprehensive multi-agency collaboration. This study emphasizes the engagement of neighborhood residents as a main role in comprehensive multi-agency activities.

The purpose of this study is to investigate effects of the police, prosecution and the others's social support on stress responses and correction of the juvenile delinquents. To accomplish these purposes, this study used sample of 546 juvenile delinquents who are in the process of the juvenile justice. Social support and correction were assessed with an instrument designed for this study. Juvenile delinquents were assessed using the following variables: ⑴ perceived social support scale, specially social support types (esteem support, emotional support, informational support), social support providers (parents, relatives, friends, teachers, community) and police and prosecution's social support. ⑵ correction scale, specially social stigma, social deprivation, self reflection, legal consciousness, self concept. The resulting scale of the instrument had good internal reliability and was scored to show that high scores indicated a willingness to access. To examine this purpose, Mean, standard deviation, Two way ANOVA were conducted. The results are as follows: First, The effects of the police and prosecution's social support on stress responses did make significant difference. The less police and prosecution's social support they had, the more stress responses such as anger, anxiety, guilty feeling and resentment appeared. Second, the effects of the police and prosecution's social support on correction did make significant difference on the social deprivation, legal consciousness and self reflection. Therefore, the system like Youth Counseling Center which provides counseling, consultation, and information to the youth and their parents in early stage of the police and prosecution should be activated. And, Government should develope a formal and informal social support network for the juvenile delinquents.

Recently, juvenile prostitution in Korea is increasing. The government and civic organizations presented various tough measures designed to fight ever-increasing prostitution involving girls, one of them is a Law on Protection for Juvenile's Sex enacted in June 2000. In comparison with the Anti-Prostitution Law, the law aggravates punishment on adult buying sex from under 19, but regards juvenile involved the prostitution as victims and prescribed protective disposition on prostituted juvenile to the exclusion of criminal punishment to promote reform through education and protection. When we analyzes the criminal-justice-system response to prostituted juvenile. we find the fact that police or prosecutors routinely release most of the prostituted juvenile(about 90% or more) to parents or guardians irrespective of investigation to prostituted juvenile's family environment, personality. and other relevant information. But considering that most of prostituted juvenile have run away from their homes or are from the structural and functional incomplete family, the police and prosecutor's routinized simple return home measure to prostituted juvenile is not seen as an effective measure. Also, juvenile involved in prostitution is difficult to easily overcome by temptation into prostitution for themselves, because they can make a great amount of money, with just the sacrifice of their body and without much excessive labor. On the other hand, in the case of voluntarily entering civil welfare facilities to accommodate prostitutes such as youth rest center, most of them are apt not to stay at there for a long time. Therefore, law enforcement officers are in need of actively making use of protective disposition attempting to harmonized the welfare function and judicial function. But, for the protective disposition to become effective measure to help the rehabilitation of prostituted juvenile needs a variety of changes in juvenile protection and rehabilitation policy. First, juvenile investigator system have to fulfill its function in practice through supplement of competent investigators, the increasement of funds and the development of inquiry technology. Second, treatment of prostituted juvenile are need of deciding centering around community based treatments than institutional treatments. In the order to fulfill functions for community based treatments especially Probation System, the number of the probation officers and volunteer probation officers such as university women students. Also, in case of the Community Service Order and Attendance Center Order, we have to develop the various program of the Attendance Center Order which are suitable and effective to prostituted juvenile and to amend the provision of the Juvenile Law in order that these measures will be applicable to the juvenile under 16 years old. Third, in case of commitment treatment to facilities, commitment to Facility for Guidance and Protection prescribed in the Anti-Prostitution Law abolishes and residential community treatment should actively be applied by juvenile courts. Now, child welfare facilities were supervised by the Ministry of Health and Welfare and youth protective facilities were supervised by Juvenile Court took. There was no governmental agency responsible for supervising the facilities in a consistent manner. Therefore the bureau should establish a special committee for residential community facilities. Lastly, we have to develop the commitment model suitable to prostituted juvenile such as group home and foster home. Fourth, we need to increase the number of the commitment facilities for medical treatment to accommodate the special prostituted juvenile who have disease and so on and to solve the budget-deficits problem.s

In this paper, the interactive effects of major factors on juvenile delinquency were examined using multiple regression analysis. Major factors on juvenile delinquency are attachment to the parents, supervision of the parents, school achievement, strain caused by school achievement(achievement strain), strain caused by college(or job) entrance (entrance strain), the degree of contact with delinquent peers(delinquent contact) and the degree of bond with delinquent peers(delinquent bond). Interaction terms were created by multiplying each of the major factors. Juvenile delinquency was measured by three methods; the times of minor delinquency, the times of serious delinquency, and the seriousness measure of the committed delinquent behavior by seriousness scale. Three sets of regressions were then performed. First, minor delinquency measure was regressed on the seven variables of major factors, with and without the twelve interaction terms. Second, serious delinquency measure was regressed on the seven variables of major factors, with and without the twelve interaction terms. Third, seriousness measure was regressed on the seven variables of major factors, with and without the twelve interaction terms. The result from the regressions with the interaction terms shows that the twelve interaction terms significantly increase the amount of explained variance in both serious delinquency and seriousness degree but not in minor delinquency. The amount of explained variance in the serious delinquency is increased from 26.8% to 31.5%, or 17.6%. Explained variance in seriousness of delinquency is increased from 31.2% to 34.0%, or 9.0%. But increasement in minor delinquency is not significant, from 43.9% to 44.3%, only 0.9%. The five terms of twelve interaction terms have a significant effect on the serious delinquency or the seriousness of delinquency; 'attachment × entrance strain', 'attachment × delinquent contact', 'supervision × delinquent contact', 'school achievement × delinquent contact', and 'school achievement × delinquent bond'. Overall, the paper indicates that the addition of the interaction terms substantially improves the prediction of serious delinquency.

This Research suggests improvement of current correctional policy on juvenile delinquents. It argues that recent augmentation of crimes committed by younger juveniles and its aggravation is caused by correctional policy based on punitive execution. For the research, 552 correctional officers from youth detention centers and prison for youth in Kyoung-ggi, Dae-jeon, Cheon-an, and Kim-cheon of 1,550 correctional officers from all the correctional facilities for the youth draw up the self-reports. This illustrates us satisfactions on the facilities and its educational or vocational programs offered. It also shows us how correctional community protects released youth from possible repeated offenses. According to the result of self-reports, more than half of participants were satisfied with current correctional facilities, however many participants point out that correctional facilities must be improved to be more mitigate. Even though there are positive views on the intellectual education, academic education and vocational training offered in the current correctional system, lots of them believe it needs to offer more practical education that youth can fit into the community more successfully after release. In addition, many people take interests in new treatment system such as group home, foster homes, day treatment and alternative school program which are community treatments performed in America and Australia. However, it needs to examine carefully though. For the future, when these variety system operates successfully, we can forecast that they will reduce crimes of juvenile delinquents and contribute to prevention of possible repeated offenses.

꿀벌부채명나방 종령유충의 whole body에서 gel filtration 방법으로 유약호르몬 결합 단백질을 분리, 정제하였다. 분리된 단백질은 column chromatography법과 전기영동법에 의해 등가성을 확인하였다. 이 결합단백질은 전기 영동법에 의해 32K, gel filtration 에 의해 28K의 상대적 분자량을 나타냈다. 또한, JH III에 대한 해리도는 3.9M로 확인되었다.

몇가지 협력제의 7-ethoxy precocene II와 협력작용을 통한 활성증가와 작용기작을 구명하기 위하여 mikweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus 2령충에 항유약호르몬유사물과 협력제가 처리된 petri dish에 접종하여 생리활성 정도를 측정하였다. 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 7-Ehtoxy precocene II의 반수활성농도는 g/이었다. 7-Ethoxy precocene II와 다른 산화저해제인 RO20-9747의 협력비가 14.05로 가장 높았고 그들의 반수활성농도는 이었다. 7-Ethoxy precocene II와 다른 협력제 1종, 2종, 4종을 조합을 달리하여 처리하였을 때 뚜렷한 협력작용 증가효과를 가져오지 못했다. 이상의 결과에서 다른 협력제들은 곤충의 방어기작을 알라타체를 포함하여 비선택적으로 저해하는 것으로 생각되었으나 RO20-9747은 7-ethoxy precocene II가 알라타체로 이행하는데 까지 곤충의 방어적 산화기작인 monooxygenase 활성을 선택적으로 저해함으로써 7-ethoxy precocene II가 알라타체로 이행량이 증가하여 활성증가를 가져온 것으로 생각되었다.